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The “Gale Encyclopedia of Science” is written at a level somewhere between the introductory sources and the highly technical texts currently available. This six-volume set covers all major areas of science and engineering, as well as mathematics and the medical and health sciences, while providing a comprehensive overview of current scientific knowledge and technology. Alphabetically arranged entries provide a user-friendly format that makes the broad scope of information easy to access and decipher. Entries typically describe scientific concepts, provide overviews of scientific areas and, in some cases, define terms.

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This digital document is an article from UXL Encyclopedia of Science, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 702 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.This collection of entries covers major areas of science including: biology, genetics, microbiology, astronomy, chemistry, physics, engineering, technology, geology, weather, archaeology, psychology, mathematics, and medicine, and provides readers with a wide range of up-to-date, relevant, and accurate information. ... Read more

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The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) is a small explorer mission with the sole, focused science objective to discover the global interaction between the solar wind and the interstellar medium. IBEX is designed to achieve this objective by answering four fundamental science questions:

What is the global strength and structure of the termination shock?

How are energetic protons accelerated at the termination shock?

What are the global properties of the solar wind flow beyond the termination shock and in the heliotail?, and

How does the interstellar flow interact with the heliosphere beyond the heliopause?

The answers to these questions rely on IBEX’s energy resolved images of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs), which originate beyond the termination shock, in the inner heliosheath.

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These are exciting times for exobiology. The ubiquity oforganic molecules in interstellar clouds, comets and asteroidsstrongly supports a cosmic perspective on the origin of life. Datafrom both ground-based telescopes and the recently launched InfraredSpace Observatory are providing new insight into the complexity ofcarbon-based chemistry beyond the Earth. Meteorites give us solidevidence for extraterrestrial amino acids, and putative fossilevidence for life in a 3.6 billion-year-old Martian meteorite hintsthat life in our system might not be the sole prerogative of theEarth. Giant planets have now been discovered orbiting other stars,and although such planets seem unlikely to be habitable themselves,their existence strongly suggests what many astronomers have longbelieved -- that planetary systems are commonplace. All these topics are reviewed in this volume by active researchers.The level is appropriate for graduate students in astronomy, biology,chemistry, earth sciences, physics, and related disciplines. It willalso provide a valuable source of reference for active researchers inthese fields. ... Read more

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This book discusses recent results from the European infrared satellite observatory ISO, in close connection with dedicated laboratory experiments aiming to simulate some aspects of interstellar dust in various astrophysical environments. This multidisciplinary approach allows a precise interpretation of the astronomical spectra obtained by ISO in terms of the physico-chemical properties of interstellar dust. Ideas about the nature and evolution of this dust are presented with the new spectroscopic results from this satellite. The connection between solid interstellar matter and the analysis of collected interplanetary dust particles is reviewed and discussed in the light of the ISO results. ... Read more

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Gordon & Breach publication, Volume 18 Numbers 1-3 ISSN 0094-5846 ... Read more