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Concentrations (clarkes) of chemical elements in different components of the environment are indicative of the redistribution of the elements between the main spheres of the planet. Regional clarkes of chemical elements attest to the geochemical diversity of these spheres. The global ecological role of soil is that it, being a product of interaction between biotic and abiotic components of the environment, exerts its own considerable influence on them. This general statement acquires special significance under conditions of constantly growing technogenic impacts on the environment, including the hazardous chemical pollution. Furthermore, the real interaction between chemical elements in all the components of the biosphere is executed by various groups of chemical compounds specific for each of the components of the environment. In this context, the compounds of chemical elements in soils attract special attention. ... Read more

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This updated edition provides a lucid account of the sources and effects of water pollution, and a broad overview of how it is monitored and controlled. Includes case studies and a description of biological monitoring techniques. Paper. ... Read more

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This new edition of a classic text has now been extensively updated to include the latest developments in risk analysis and water quality assessment and management.It takes into account the role of ecological water quality in integrated regional and transboundary water resources management, according to the latest UNESCO programmes and the new EU-Water Framework Directive.
This practice-oriented textbook is a unique tool for identifying and evaluating local and regional environmental risks from pollution hazards in groundwater, river water and coastal seawaters.The book explains different risk-based probabilistic methodologies and fuzzy logic-based approaches and includes various mathematical models for water quality simulation and theories, such as the decision analysis, the utility theory and the integrated risk-based multi-criteria assessment and management, in order to thoroughly evaluate several case studies from the real world.
Questions testing the reader?s understanding are given at the end of each chapter, and a useful appendix provides hints for answering them as well the solutions themselves.
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Academic's and practisioner's viewpoint
This book provides a complete treatment of uncertainty and risk as they relate to water pollution issues. Two different approaches are described: a stochastic or probabilistic (like the Monte Carlo simulation) and the fuzzyset theory. The latter is a new approach for the treatment of uncertainty,and provides a rigorous alternative where the former cannot be applied. The author starts with an introduction (Chapter 1) on the role ofengineering risk assessment in water pollution problems, followed byenvironmental risk assessment and management and an objective statement ofthe book. Then the book is divided into five chapters. Chapter 2 deals withthe risk identification problem using probabilistic and fuzzy-basedanalyses. The risk identification is followed by risk quantification inchapter 3, using a supply-demand formulation based on the moment methodsand Monte Carlo simulation. The temporal variability of reliability is alsodiscussedwith recommended models. Fuzzy regression analysis is also usedto quantify risk. System analysis is also introduced for components inparallel and in series. Chapters 4 and 5 provide information on riskassessment and risk management as they apply to water quality. Risk-baseddecision analysis is utilizedto performrisk management. The concepts ofconsequences, utility theoryand multiobjective decisionanalysisarealso covered. These chapters demonstrate the introduced concepts usingexample problems in coastal water pollution,river water quality andground water contamination. The last chapter includes three case studiesthat deal with the coastal pollution of a gulf in Greece, the water qualityof a river located in the same area, and the ground water pollution of anaquifer in Australia. The book also includes a list of references and asubject index. In summary, this book provides a completetreatment ofuncertainty and risk analysis as it applies to water pollution.Conequently, due to its originality and completeness, the book can be avaluable tool to engineers, students, educators, and consultants in variousareas related to water quality and water pollution. ... Read more

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When discussing the issue of contamination of the aquatic environment, water pollution is still the major aspect that has been regulated and extensively studied, but poor attention has been devoted to sediments. Sediments have been described as the sink or storage place and a source for contaminants entering river systems through various pathways. But bottom sediments have various functions in the environment, such as providing habitat for many aquatic organisms, and are an important component of aquatic ecosystems.

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The problem of water pollution and its control is very important in developing as well as developed countries. The increasing recognition of water pollution control in Asian countries led to the success of the International Conference on Water Pollution Control in Bangkok in 1978 and subsequently, the 1st IAWPRC Asian Regional Conference held in Tokyo in 1985. This 2nd Asian Regional Conference was held in order to discuss current problems, research and development technologies which are being employed in various countries. ... Read more

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Much information but understandable to the lay person.
Very good primer on issues related to water pollution and drinking water.After giving a very quickstudy of issues relating to water chemistry and microbiology,describes the causes of water pollution.He devotes anentire chapter to the issue of drinking water, but also discusses issuesrelating to pollution in lakes streams, and the ocean.He describes inunderstandable form, the effects on aquatic life of water pollution.Hisglossary is also most useful when you may have forgotten a term previouslydiscussed in the book.I am not an expert and possibly a more scientificperson would find fault with the book.Ditto-heads may consider him anenvironmental wacko, because of his recommendations for preventing waterpollution. For a basic understnding of the issues of water pollution, Ithink it is an outstanding book. ... Read more

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The environmental problems caused by the increase of pollutant loads discharged into natural water bodies make it necessary to set up a framework for regulation and control. This framework needs to be based on scientific results that relate pollutant discharges with changes in water quality.

This volume contains papers presented at the ninth International Conference on Water Pollution: Modelling, Monitoring and Management. Over the years, this Conference has made valuable contributions to the knowledge of water pollution problems, which are essentially inter-disciplinary, involving a wide range of issues. The meeting also attracts colleagues from many different countries.

The papers published in the book have been divided into the following sections: Coastal Areas, Lakes and Rivers; Groundwater and Aquifer Issues; Environmental Monitoring and Sensing; Remediation; Experimental and Laboratory Work; Mathematical Modelling; Oil Spills; Wastewater Treatment; Low Cost Technologies; Agricultural Contamination; Pollution Prevention. ... Read more

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Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead.

Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication.

Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. ... Read more

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This is a perfect book for managers and scientists
This book not only describes controlling mechanisms and direct/indirect effects of nutrient over-enrichment but also provides possible solutions to the nutrient pollution.I especially appreciate the special effort to get input from regional scientists and managers since the dynamics of nutrient pollution may be dependent on specific region and time.This book, in fact, attempts to determine susceptibility of coastal zone to the nutrient over-enrichment in Chapter 6.It presented major factors affecting estuarine susceptibility which attracted my attention.In conclusion, this book serves as an excellent guide for scientists and managers struggling to better understand causes and effects of the nutrient pollution at both regional and national scales for better management of the coastal zones in the U.S. ... Read more

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With the prospect of new layers of complexity being added to air pollution controls, and with electricity restructuring putting a premium on economic efficiency, interest is being expressed in finding mechanisms to achieve health and environmental goals in simpler, more cost-effective ways. The electric utility industry is a major source of air pollution, particularly sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury (Hg), as well as unregulated greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). At issue is whether a new approach to environmental protection could achieve the nation's air quality goals more cost-effectively than the current system. One approach being proposed is a 'multi-pollutant' strategy - a framework based on a consistent set of emissions caps, implemented through emissions trading. Just how the proposed approach would fit with the current (and proposed) diverse regulatory regimes remains to be worked out; they might be replaced to the greatest extent feasible, or they might be overlaid by the framework of emissions caps. This book summarises the most recent evaluation of the status and trends in our nation's air quality.This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access. ... Read more

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Over the past fifteen years regulatory agencies have relied on their approaches to characterise and control the release of toxic substances into the aquatic environment: a GC/MS analysis for U.S. EPA designated 126 priority pollutants and 132 dangerous substances according to the European 76/464/CEE Directive and on the bioassays with aquatic bioorganisms.
"Emerging Contaminants" correspond in most cases to irregulated contaminants, e.g. surfactants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP), or gasoline additives.
These two volumes, 5/I and 5/O, of this Handbook deal with the analytical, toxicological and environmental issues of these toxicants. Based on results of up-to-date research, they give the reader a balanced view of this rapidly developing and complex subject.

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To fulfill a need that has become apparent, this book presents some practical water pollution biological field investigative techniques and practices, procedures to solve problems, data analyses, interpretation and display, and the development and writing of the investigative report. It is written principally for the biologist inexperienced in these activities, and for sanitary engineers, chemists, attorneys, water pollution control administrators, and others who are interested in broadening their understanding of this discipline.

The book considers the many aquatic environments, their biotic constituents, and the effects of various pollutants upon them. Field investigations that include forming the study objectives, planning the field study, station selection, sample collection and examination, data analyses and interpretation, and reporting the results are described. Individual water quality constituents that affect the aquatic environment are discussed. Examples of field studies on specific water pollution problems are given with the collected data presented in many graphic variations. The ability to present a clear, understandable concept to the viewer by different methods of displaying data is evaluated. Examples of field investigations, with which the author has been involved, including data collection, analyses, interpretation and display are given for organic wastes, silts, toxic wastes, acid mine drainages, eutrophication, and radioactive wastes. Investigations in marine waters are discussed. Separate chapters detail the biology of municipal water supplies and sewage treatment. Biological nuisances and slimes are discussed, as well as their control.

In presenting the book's contents, over 20 years of biological field investigative experience are represented in the described field and laboratory methods, report writing, and data display. Methodology modifications presented may be of value to other professional biologists. Because the results from most problem solving investigations must be presented to the lay public to engage their support for remedial actions, reporting and data display must be clear and readily understandable. Clearness and understandability have been goals of this book. ... Read more

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Discusses the importance of water to life, the many ways water supplies become polluted, and how to clean up pollution. ... Read more

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Describes the ways in which man pollutes water resources, cites specific lakes and rivers that have become casualties of pollution, and discusses what can be or has been done to improve the situation. ... Read more