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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Potassium-argon dating or K-Ar dating is a radiometric dating method used in geochronology and archeology. It is based on measurement of the product of the radioactive decay of an isotope of potassium (K), which is a common element found in many materials, such as micas, clay minerals, tephra, and evaporites, into argon. In these materials, the decay product 40Ar is not trapped by the rock while it is liquid (molten), but starts to accumulate when the rock solidifies (recrystallises). Time since recrystallization is calculated by measuring the ratio of the amount of 40Ar accumulated to the amount of 40K remaining. The long half-life of 40K allows the method to be used to calculate the absolute age of samples older than a few thousand years. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The rubidium-strontium dating method is a radiometric dating technique that geologists use to determine the age of rocks. Development of this process was aided by Fritz Strassmann, who later moved onto discovering nuclear fission with Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner. The utility of the rubidium-strontium isotope system results from the fact that 87Rb (one of the isotopes of rubidium) decays to 87Sr with a halflife of 49 billion years. Different minerals in a given geologic setting can have a distinctly different ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 (87Sr/86Sr) as a consequence of different ages, original Rb/Sr values and the initial 87Sr/86Sr. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from World of Earth Science, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 793 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.A comprehensive guide to the concepts, theories, discoveries, pioneers, and issues relating to topics in earth science. Its encyclopedic approach offers entries that are written in easy to understand language. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Fishery Bulletin, published by National Marine Fisheries Service on July 1, 2010. The length of the article is 3785 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Age validation of great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran), determined by bomb radiocarbon analysis.(Report)
Author: Michelle S. Passerotti
Publication: Fishery Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2010
Publisher: National Marine Fisheries Service
Volume: 108Issue: 3Page: 346(6)

Article Type: Report

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This digital document is an article from Science News, published by Science Service, Inc. on May 8, 2010. The length of the article is 431 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Martian meteorite's age reduced: but famous rock is still oldest known sample of Red Planet.(Atom & Cosmos)
Author: Lisa Grossman
Publication: Science News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: May 8, 2010
Publisher: Science Service, Inc.
Volume: 177Issue: 10Page: 10(1)

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This digital document is an article from Science of Everyday Things, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 4817 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.

The four-volume “Science of Everyday Things” set illustrates the importance of scientific and mathematical principles through their use in everyday life. Each volume focuses on a specific scientific discipline — biology, chemistry, earth sciences and physics — offering an in-depth understanding of each discipline and its theories, creating a sense of real-life relevance for students and those not scientifically-inclined, and including interesting facts and details relating to each principle. The fascinating entries offer explanations of concepts using a straightforward, step-by-step approach, and present theories in their everyday applications. Some examples of the entries covered include how osmosis is used in dehydrating fruit; Charles' law and the chemical reaction that sets off an airbag; and how algorithms are used to figure out the NCAA playoff tournaments.

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The “Gale Encyclopedia of Science” is written at a level somewhere between the introductory sources and the highly technical texts currently available. This six-volume set covers all major areas of science and engineering, as well as mathematics and the medical and health sciences, while providing a comprehensive overview of current scientific knowledge and technology. Alphabetically arranged entries provide a user-friendly format that makes the broad scope of information easy to access and decipher. Entries typically describe scientific concepts, provide overviews of scientific areas and, in some cases, define terms.

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This digital document is an article from UXL Encyclopedia of Science, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 841 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.This collection of entries covers major areas of science including: biology, genetics, microbiology, astronomy, chemistry, physics, engineering, technology, geology, weather, archaeology, psychology, mathematics, and medicine, and provides readers with a wide range of up-to-date, relevant, and accurate information. ... Read more

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Richard Dawkins, the undisputed high priest of evolution/atheism, says his book The Greatest Show on Earth: the evidence for evolution is the first time he has presented all the evidence for evolution/long ages. It is promoted as an unanswerable demolition of creation. Scientist, logician, chessmaster and author of the world’s biggest-selling creationist book, CMI’s Dr Jonathan Sarfati, relentlessly demolishes Dawkin’s claims point-by-point, showing biblical creation makes more sense of the evidence. A must-read—and a must-give (to all evolutionist acquaintances)! (High School–Adult) 336 pages. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

The Hoariest Hoaxer on Earth - Jonathan Sarfati
After sophistically scribbling "Refuting Evolution" and "Refuting Evolution 2" - exemplars of evangelical scientific illiteracy - Sarfati futilely fulminates against Dawkins and Darwin in the deliciously deceptive "The Greatest Hoax on Earth? Refuting Dawkins on Evolution".

Since a chapter-by-chapter dismantling would be longer than Sarfati's tendentious tract let's examine chapters "11. Is the earth ancient" and "13. Origin of Life" (inconsistent typography from the book).

Is the earth ancient? Yes the earth is ancient, immensely ancient, deep-time ancient, 4.54 billion years ancient as shown by Pb/Pb isochrons and other dating methods, but the author can't deal with this scientifically since it falsifies his childish religious conceits and cherished creation myth as Sarfati demonstrates on page 186:

"The same principle applies to the age of the earth. It makes more sense to trust an eyewitness who was there at the beginning: the Creator Himself, who has revealed the age in His Book, the Bible. And there were other eyewitnesses too, including Noah and his descendants who meticulously recorded the years elapsed since the global Flood."

"But Dawkins ignores this eyewitness information, and relies on dating methods that resort instead to speculative and dubious assumptions."

'Creation science' ala seance or special revelation hallucination is Sarfati's literalist leitmotif. To pour 4.54 billion years into his 6,000 year old sack - of you know what - the author invokes "accelerated nuclear decay in the past - even though there is much uncertainty about what the mechanism was that caused this phenomenon" (longhand for 'goddidit'). Let's pretend (like Sarfati) and by divine fiat dictate "accelerated nuclear decay in the past" via RATE ("Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth", an a priori presuppositionalist creationist crank-tank publication) that Sarfati cribs from. What would have happened to Noah and his immediate surroundings?

Noah would have died from radiation poisoning - along with his family and every animal on the ark - as the Potassium-40 and Carbon-14 in their bodies underwent accelerated beta decay - neatly solving the space, food and waste disposal problems inherent in Noah's leaky tub.

Earth, which includes various radioactive isotopes, would be heated to a temperature of over 22,000 degrees C - over four times that of the sun's surface - instantly vaporizing the entire planet.

Even the creationist-on-crack cretins who wrote the RATE Jesus-jibber Sarfati stumbles around admit these difficulties - they simply 'magic' them away with another round of miracles - say 'God' expanding the universe twenty-fold in size - conveniently ignoring that volumetric cooling, which works for gases, is not applicable to solids. Earth remains vapor, RATE remains scientifically vacuous, and Sarfati's reasoning skills remain vapid.

For reality-based accounts of scientific dating methods try The Age of Everything: How Science Explores the Past by Matthew Hedman or G. Brent Dalrymple's Ancient Earth, Ancient Skies: The Age of Earth and its Cosmic Surroundings.

The origin of life chapter sets up a straw man by claiming "Darwinian processes can't explain first life" (Pg. 223) - they were never intended to, mischaracterizes DNA as "Coded linguistic information" (Pg. 225) and throws cans of outmoded 'primordial soup' at the scientific discipline of abiogenesis which has developed startling insights into life's origin.

Deterministic paleo-geochemistry, not natural selection, harkens back to life's rocky roots and Sarfati (trained as a chemist), should know this - although the only thing formulaic about him is febrile fundamentalism.

Late Hadean to Early Archean alkaline hydrothermal vents (white smokers) directly result from plate tectonics, are always out of thermodynamic equilibrium with surrounding oceans (a condition required to push life's precursors up the energetic ramp required by complex organic polymers like proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, RNA and DNA), provide a reliable supply of hydrogen which reacts with carbon dioxide to form organic molecules, develop exquisite patterns of interconnected mineralized cellular compartments (about the size of living cells) lined with iron-sulfur catalysts; which catalyze, capture and concentrate resultant organic molecules. These vents are essentially natural flow reactors, providing thermal and electrochemical gradients, while circulating reactive fluids through catalytic compartments. They can naturally (no "Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry" required) generate the raw materials of life, illuminate the origin of metabolism and account for the properties shared by extant life's LUCA (Last Uniform Common Ancestor) - yet Sarfati never mentions them. Is he biblically-blinkered or committing another lie of omission for Jesus? Footnote 15 on page 228 demonstrates that Sarfati is, as usual, lying for his lord by leaving out evidence that eviscerates the need for supernatural spooks or saviors.

Excellent books on abiogenesis are readily available at Amazon. Try Life Ascending: The Ten Great Inventions of Evolution by Nick Lane (specifically chapters 1 - 4), Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life's Origins by Robert Hazen, Singularities: Landmarks on the Pathways of Life by Christian de Duve, The Emergence of Life On Earth by Iris Fry, Wetware: A Computer in Every Living Cell by Dennis Bray or Complexity: A Guided Tour by Melanie Mitchell. Any of these authors pack more scientific information and intellectual honesty into a single paragraph than Sarfati crams into his scanty, screechy, screed.

I'm affronted that Amazon's rating system requires me to give even one star to this content-free concretion of creationist caterwauling and calumnies. It deserves zero. The copy (paperback, expect the Kindle version to be equally empty) I purchased was donated to the NCSE (National Center for Science Education), where it is being utilized as a resource to keep track of the so-called tools being generated by creationist fools.
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