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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Saccharomyces Genome Database is a scientific database of the molecular biology and genetics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly known as baker's or budding yeast. The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) provides Internet access to the complete Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic sequence, its genes and their products, the phenotypes of its mutants, and the literature supporting these data. The amount of information and the number of features provided by SGD have increased greatly following the release of the S.cerevisiae genomic sequence. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Bioresource Technology, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Acid-hydrolysis of cellulosic pyrolysate to glucose and its fermentation to ethanol were investigated. The maximum glucose yield (17.4%) was obtained by the hydrolysis with 0.2 mol/l sulfuric acid using autoclaving at 121 ^oC for 20 min. The fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a hydrolysate medium containing 31.6 g/l glucose gave 14.2 g/l ethanol after 24 h, whereas the fermentation of the medium containing 31.6 g/l pure glucose gave 13.7 g/l ethanol after 18 h. The results showed that acid-hydrolyzed pyrolysate could be used for ethanol production. Different nitrogen sources were evaluated and the best ethanol concentration (15.1 g/l) was achieved by single urea. S. cerevisiae (R) was obtained by adaptation of S. cerevisiae to the hydrolysate medium for 12 times, and 40.2 g/l ethanol was produced by it in the fermentation with the hydrolysate medium containing 95.8 g/l glucose, which was about 47% increase in ethanol production compared to its parent strain. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Bioresource Technology, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Two industrial effluents, a pre-fermentation effluent and a post-fermentation effluent from a wheat starch production plant, were used as substrates for fuel ethanol production in anaerobic batch cultures using minimal nutritional amendment. The performances of three metabolically engineered xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: TMB 3001 expressing XYL1, XYL2 and XKS1, redox metabolism modulated CPB.CR1 and glucose de-repressed CPB.CR2, as well as a reference strain CEN.PK 113-7D not fermenting xylose, were evaluated. For the recombinant strains a glucose consumption phase preceded the xylose consumption phase. In both effluents, biomass and ethanol production occurred predominantly during the glucose consumption phase, whereas xylitol and glycerol formation were predominant in the xylose consumption phase. Total specific ethanol productivities on glucose were 6-fold higher than on xylose in the pre-fermentation effluent and 15-fold higher than on xylose in the post-fermentation effluent. CPB.CR1 showed impaired growth compared to the two other xylose-utilizing strains, but displayed 18% increased ethanol yield in the post-fermentation effluent. ... Read more

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Homocitrate synthase (HCS1) (acetyl-coenzyme A:2-ketoglutarate C-transferase; E.C. 2.3.3.14)catalyzes the first and regulated step in thea-aminoadipate pathway for lysine synthesis. The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters, isotopeeffects, and dissociation constants for competitiveinhibitors are used to probe the chemical mechanismof HCS.A general acid-base chemical mechanism isproposed. site-directed mutagenesis was used tochange the three active site residues of HCS, and theresulting mutant enzymes were characterized usinginitial velocity studies, the pH dependence of thekinetic parameters and isotope effects.Datacombined with a constant pH molecular dynamicssimulation study suggest a catalytic dyad, comprisedof Glu-155 and His-309, functions as a general baseto deprotonate the methyl group of AcCoA. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Mut.Res.-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the nucleolar organiser region (NOR) is located on chromosome XII. It contains 100-200 copies of rDNA - a minimum of 20 rDNA genes in tandem - and is termed the RDN locus. Yeast cells may exist in either haploid or diploid form. There are two forms of life cycle: haploid and diploid cells double by mitosis, and diploid cells are reduced to the haploid state by meiosis. Diploid cells have two homologous chromosomes for each of the 16 chromosomes. They are usually of the same size. However, in this study it is shown that homologous chromosomes XII can become different in size due to unequal sister chromatid exchange during mitosis in 'old' cells. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In response to DNA damage, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae securin Pds1 blocks anaphase promotion by inhibiting ESP1-dependent degradation of cohesins. PDS1 is positioned downstream of the MEC1- and RAD9-mediated DNA damage-induced signal transduction pathways. Because cohesins participate in postreplicative repair and the pds1 mutant is radiation sensitive, we identified DNA repair pathways that are PDS1-dependent. We compared the radiation sensitivities and recombination phenotypes of pds1, rad9, rad51 single and double mutants, and found that whereas pds1 rad9 double mutants were synergistically more radiation sensitive than single mutants, pds1 rad51 mutants were not. To determine the role of PDS1 in recombinational repair pathways, we measured spontaneous and DNA damage-associated sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) after exposure to X rays, UV and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and after the initiation of an HO endonuclease-generated double-strand break (DSB). The rates of spontaneous SCE and frequencies of DNA damage-associated SCE were similar in wild type and pds1 strains, but the latter exhibited reduced viability after exposure to DNA damaging agents. To determine whether pds1 mutants were defective in other pathways for DSB repair, we measured both single-strand annealing (SSA) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in pds1 mutants. We found that the pds1 mutant was defective in SSA but efficient at ligating cohesive ends present on a linear plasmid. We therefore suggest that checkpoint genes control different pathways for DSB repair, and PDS1 and RAD9 have different roles in recombinational repair. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Bioresource Technology, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Spent sulfite pulping liquor (SSL) is a high-organic content byproduct of acid bisulfite pulp manufacture which is fermented to make industrial ethanol. SSL is typically concentrated to 240 g/l (22% w/w) total solids prior to fermentation, and contains up to 24 g/l xylose and 30 g/l hexose sugars, depending upon the wood species used. The xylose present in SSL is difficult to ferment using natural xylose-fermenting yeast strains due to the presence of inhibitory compounds, such as organic acids. Using sequential batch shake flask experiments, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 259ST, which had been genetically modified to ferment xylose, was compared with the parent strain, 259A, and an SSL adapted strain, T2, for ethanol production during SSL fermentation. With an initial SSL pH of 6, without nutrient addition or SSL pretreatment, the ethanol yield ranged from 0.32 to 0.42 g ethanol/g total sugar for 259ST, compared to 0.15-0.32 g ethanol/g total sugar for non-xylose fermenting strains. For most fermentations, minimal amounts of xylitol (<1 g/l) were produced, and glycerol yields were approximately 0.12 g glycerol/g sugar consumed. By using 259ST for SSL fermentation up to 130% more ethanol can be produced compared to fermentations using non-xylose fermenting yeast. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Interciencia, published by Thomson Gale on July 1, 2005. The length of the article is 4464 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Acción de un campo magnético sobre un cultivo aireado de Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Author: Jose Edgar Zapata Montoya
Publication: Interciencia (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 30Issue: 7Page: 409(5)

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Biosorption of Cd^2^+, Cu^2^+ and Ag^+ ions by C-, N-, P-, S-, Mg- and K-limited cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined. Raman spectroscopy and analysis of elemental composition were used to identify differences between individual yeast cultures. K-, Mg- and C-limited cells accumulated the greatest amounts of Cd^2^+ ions. The greatest amount of Cu^2^+ ions was bound by biomass grown in K-limited medium. P-limited cells bound the greatest amount of Ag^+ ions, but in contrast they had the lowest sorption capacity for Cd^2^+ ions. The smallest amounts of Cu^2^+ and Ag^+ ions was bound by biomass grown in S-limited medium. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Bioresource Technology, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Adaptation of a xylose-utilizing genetically engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates by cultivation during 353h using medium with increasing concentrations of inhibitors, including phenolic compounds, furaldehydes and aliphatic acids, led to improved performance with respect to ethanol production. The remaining xylose concentration in the medium at the end of the cultivation was 5.2g l^-^1, while it was 11gl^-^1 in the feed, indicating that approximately half of the xylose was consumed. The performance of the adapted strain was compared with the parental strain with respect to its ability to ferment three bagasse hydrolysates with different inhibitor concentration. The ethanol yield after 24h of fermentation of the bagasse hydrolysate with lowest inhibitor concentration increased from 0.18gg^-^1 of total sugar with the non-adapted strain to 0.38gg^-^1 with the adapted strain. The specific ethanol productivity increased from 1.15g ethanol per g initial biomass per h with the non-adapted strain to 2.55gg^-^1 h^-^1 with the adapted strain. The adapted strain performed better than the non-adapted also in the two bagasse hydrolysates containing higher concentrations of inhibitors. The adapted strain converted the inhibitory furaldehydes 2-furaldehyde (furfural) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) at a faster rate than the non-adapted strain. The xylose-utilizing ability of the yeast strain did not seem to be affected by the adaptation and the results suggest that ethanol rather than xylitol was formed from the consumed xylose. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Weissbier (Weißbier in German) refers to several different types of wheat beer. The term "hefeweizen" refers to wheat beer in its traditional, unfiltered form. The term kristallweizen (crystal wheat), or kristall weiss (crystal white beer), refers to a wheat beer that is filtered to remove the yeast from suspension. Additionally, the filtration process removes wheat proteins present in the beer which contribute to its cloudy appearance.Weissbier is available in a number of other stronger forms including dunkelweizen (dark wheat) and weizenstarkbier (strong wheat beer), commonly referred to as weizenbock. The dark wheat varieties typically have a much higher alcohol content than their lighter cousins. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Complementation analysis of the pso9-1 yeast mutant strain sensitive to photoactivated mono- and bifunctional psoralens, UV-light 254nm, and nitrosoguanidine, with pso1 to pso8 mutants, confirmed that it contains a novel pso mutation. Molecular cloning via the reverse genetics complementation approach using a yeast genomic library suggested pso9-1 to be a mutant allele of the DNA damage checkpoint control gene MEC3. Non-complementation of several sensitivity phenotypes in pso9-1/mec3@D diploids confirmed allelism. The pso9-1 mutant allele contains a -1 frameshift mutation (deletion of one A) at nucleotide position 802 (802delA), resulting in nine different amino acid residues from that point and a premature termination. This mutation affected the binding properties of Pso9-1p, abolishing its interactions with both Rad17p and Ddc1p. Further interaction assays employing mec3 constructions lacking the last 25 and 75 amino acid carboxyl termini were also not able to maintain stable interactions. Moreover, the pso9-1 mutant strain could no longer sense DNA damage since it continued in the cell cycle after 8-MOP+UVA treatment. Taken together, these observations allowed us to propose a model for checkpoint activation generated by photo-induced adducts. ... Read more

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Different fermentation media were evaluated forbioethanol production using Saccharomycescerevisiae. Three different nitrogen sources,concentration of carbon source (cassava starchhydrolysate, CSH) and the pH were combined togenerate nine different fermentation media whichwere run in shake flasks. Analysis of variance ofthe results from shake flask experiments showed thatthere was no significant difference (P > 0.05) inthe maximum concentration of ethanol (Pt) producedfrom the nine media after 24 h fermentation. Fromthebioreactor studies using minimal mediumcontaining only ammonium sulphate as nitrogensource, Pt of 55.28 g/L (Y?ps of 0.49 g g-1 and 96% Yetoh), Q of 1.00 g g-1 h-1, Qp of 1.94 g g-1 h-1,Qs of 4.98 g g-1 h-1 and Y?xs of 0.11 (µ of 0.11h- 1) were obtained. The possibility of substitutingammonium sulphate for yeast extract in fermentationmedium for bioethanol production from cassava starchhydrolysate (CSH) was confirmed. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Saccharomyces florentinus is a plant pathogen. A pathogen, (from Greek πάθος pathos "suffering, passion", and γἰγνομαι (γεν-) gignomai (gen-) "I give birth to") an infectious agent, or more commonly germ, is a biological agent that causes disease to its host. There are several substrates and pathways whereby pathogens can invade a host; the principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil contamination has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring a pathogen. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD53 (CHK2) and CHK1 control two parallel branches of the RAD9-mediated pathway for DNA damage-induced G"2 arrest. Previous studies indicate that RAD9 is required for X-ray-associated sister chromatid exchange (SCE), suppresses homology-directed translocations, and is involved in pathways for double-strand break repair (DSB) repair that are different than those controlled by PDS1. We measured DNA damage-associated SCE in strains containing two tandem fragments of his3, his3-@D5' and his3-@D3'::HOcs, and rates of spontaneous translocations in diploids containing GAL1::his3-@D5' and trp1::his3-@D3'::HOcs. DNA damage-associated SCE was measured after log phase cells were exposed to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), UV, X rays and HO-induced DSBs. We observed that rad53 mutants were defective in MMS-, 4-NQO, X-ray-associated and HO-induced SCE but not in UV-associated SCE. Similar to rad9 pds1 double mutants, rad53 pds1 double mutants exhibited more X-ray sensitivity than the single mutants. rad53 sml1 diploid mutants exhibited a 10-fold higher rate of spontaneous translocations compared to the sml1 diploid mutants. chk1 mutants were not deficient in DNA damage-associated SCE after exposure to DNA damaging agents or after DSBs were generated at trp1::his3-@D5'his3-@D3'::HOcs. These data indicate that RAD53, not CHK1, is required for DSB-initiated SCE, and DNA damage-associated SCE after exposure to X-ray-mimetic and UV-mimetic chemicals. ... Read more

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Webster's bibliographic and event-based timelines are comprehensive in scope, covering virtually all topics, geographic locations and people. They do so from a linguistic point of view, and in the case of this book, the focus is on "Saccharomyces," including when used in literature (e.g. all authors that might have Saccharomyces in their name). As such, this book represents the largest compilation of timeline events associated with Saccharomyces when it is used in proper noun form. Webster's timelines cover bibliographic citations, patented inventions, as well as non-conventional and alternative meanings which capture ambiguities in usage. These furthermore cover all parts of speech (possessive, institutional usage, geographic usage) and contexts, including pop culture, the arts, social sciences (linguistics, history, geography, economics, sociology, political science), business, computer science, literature, law, medicine, psychology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology and other physical sciences. This "data dump" results in a comprehensive set of entries for a bibliographic and/or event-based timeline on the proper name Saccharomyces, since editorial decisions to include or exclude events is purely a linguistic process. The resulting entries are used under license or with permission, used under "fair use" conditions, used in agreement with the original authors, or are in the public domain. ... Read more