Dream 2047 : VP News callippus (c.370c.300BC), also a Greek mathematician and astronomer, modifiedthe Eudoxus scheme by adding extra spheres for the Sun, Moon and some other http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/oct2000/oct2000.htm
Extractions: VPNEWS PARTING THOUGHTS (II) To continue from where we left off last time, Vigyan Prasar can really make a difference to the overall science popularisation scene in the country! It has all the essential ingredients, in the form of major programmes/efforts, I mentioned last time, to transform itself into a powerhouse of incredible and unimaginable strengths capable of delivering unheard of results! Each one of the VP's major programmes referred to earlier, if handled appropriately, could develop into an independent, self-sustaining entity in its own right, under the overall VP umbrella, with greatly enhanced output. What would that mean in terms of the goals we are seeking to achieve? Vigyan Prasar books would also be distributed worldwide in many countries and also in many other non-Indian languages. Dream-2047 would develop into a very popular science magazine with a large circulation and several other language editions, besides Hindi and English. . NKS (To be continued) Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Dr. Subodh Mahanti
The Homocentric Spheres Of Eudoxus Shortly after he developed his theory of homocentric spheres, callippus modifiedit by adding in an extra rotating sphere for each planet to better fit the http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~deborahe/core1.htm
Extractions: A Revolution of Thought: The Homocentric Spheres of Eudoxus To appreciate the significance of their achievements, we must first throw ourselves back 2500 years and look at the sky through ancient eyes, setting aside our current view of the universe. We must disregard our heliocentric model and throw away the outer three planets of the solar system, for they cannot be seen with the naked eye and optical aids like telescopes do not exist. Forget basic Newtonian mechanics, ignore the current understanding of gravity, and toss out the knowledge that the planets are all made of the same matter as the earth. We must temporarily erase from our mind the pictures of Earth taken from space and remember that no one in ancient Greece could see anything more than what can be observed from the ground with the naked eye. From this perspective, the night sky looks like a very different place. The Sun is now a very unique object, not just one star among billions. The Moon is the only object that shows any surface features, the other planets being points of light far more similar to stars than anything else in the heavens. From our vantage point on Earth, the heavens appear to revolve around us as the stars rotate east to west with the sun lagging just slightly behind (Fig. 1).
Full Chronological Index 390 BC 320 BC) Dinostratus (387 BC - 312 BC) Heraclides (384 BC - 322 BC) Aristotle(380 BC - 320 BC) Menaechmus, (370 BC - 310 BC) callippus (360 BC - 300 BC http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mm97106/math/chronlist.htm
Itinera Electronica: Du Texte À L'hypertexte Translate this page 3 Caesare 1 Caesarem 1 Caesaris 1 calefactis 1 calfacto 1 calidas 1 calidiorem2 calidius 1 calidum 1 caligine 1 caliginis 1 Callippi 1 callippus 1 calor 1 http://agoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/Censorinus_natal/listvocabulaire.c
Itinera Electronica: Du Texte À L'hypertexte Similar pages More results from agoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be Marieke's Walhalla Demosthenes WorksList of works Clicking on the titles below leads you to the Perseus online project,more specifically to the English translation of the text of your choice. http://agoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/Censorinus_natal/precise.cfm?txt=C
History Of Mathematics: Greece Philolaus, Pythagoras; Cyrene Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus;Cyzicus callippus; Elea Parmenides, Zeno; Elis Hippias; http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html
History Of Astronomy: Persons (C) Hist. Math.); Short biography (Encycl. Brit.); Crater Cajori (lunar feature).callippus of Cyzicus (c. 370 BC c. 310 BC) Short biography http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_c.html
Extractions: Caccini, Tommaso (1574-1648) Caesar, Julius (100? BC - 44 BC) Cahill, Daniel William (1796-1864) Cajori, Florian (1859-1930) Callippus of Cyzicus (c. 370 BC - c. 310 BC) Calvin, John (1509-1564) Campanella, Tommaso (1568-1639[1659?]) Short biography and references (Encycl. Brit.) Biographical data and references Short biography Short biography From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913
History Of Astronomy: Topics: Calendars, Time And Chronology A Brief History of Time From Thales to callippus by Chris Weinkopf A student'scourse paper; Timekeeping at the US Naval Observatory (History). See also http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/hist_astr/ha_items_calendar.html
Extractions: Horology - The Index A Walk Through Time: Evolution of Time Measurement Time: General Dates and Dating CalendarLand Calendars: General Links to Web calendar resources / Calendar Bibliography Calendar Calendar Conversions The Calendar FAQ Calendar History Calendar Links Greek Science: Calendars in the Classical world , by Anne Rego Calendars , by Michelle Satorhelyi (5 Oct 2001: disappeared) The Seven-Day Week and the Meanings of the Names of the Days A History of the Months and the Meanings of their Names Focusing on Words (25 July 1996: disappeared?) This site will be presenting "time systems of the world, past and present", and starts with a combination of the Julian and Gregorian calendars
Ein Wenig Theorie Translate this page Noch eine kleine Geschichte der Zeit - Von Thales zu callippus. Eine kleineEinführung in deutsch Sonnenuhren. Interessante Thesen Startime sundial. http://home.pages.at/natuhr/uhrenlinks/sonnenuhren/theorie.htm
Extractions: suchen kontakt Ein wenig Theorie GNOMONICA - Meridiane e Orologi Solari - italienische Impressionen Eine kleine Einführung in italienisch... Gruppo Astrofili Piceni: Orologi solari Eine kleine Einführung in französisch... Les excursion d'un Grand Optimiste Eine wissenschaftliche Herangehensweise... ... Jack Aubert's Sonnenseite
On The Question Of The "Revised Julian Calendar" The more accurate figure is 365.2422 days, a figure close to that knownto the ancient Greek astronomers (callippus, Ptolemy, et al). http://www.stjohndc.org/what/9609ca1.htm
Extractions: Father George Lardas (From an Orthodox Discussion List) The matter of the "Revised Julian Calendar" has recently been raised on this list and has generated some discussion. Since some were wondering about its relation to the traditional calendar of the Church, the Julian Calendar, on the one hand, and the Gregorian Calendar on the other, as well as the question of their astronomical accuracy, I thought the following might be helpful: As everyone knows, the year is about 365 and a quarter days long. This is, however, only an approximation. We are concerned here with the seasonal, or tropical year, the average time from vernal equinox (the beginning of spring) to vernal equinox. The more accurate figure is 365.2422 days, a figure close to that known to the ancient Greek astronomers (Callippus, Ptolemy, et al). The Julian Calendar, the Church's traditional calendar, has 365 days in a year and an extra day added once every fourth year to February, making an average year length of 365.25 days. When the Church chose this as her own calendar at the Council of Nicaea (AD 325), the vernal equinox fell on 21 March. But since the Julian year is 0.0078 days longer than the true year, over a span of time 21 March will occur later than the astronomical equinox at the rate of about one day in 128 years. By 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII changed the calendar, 21 March fell 10 days after the astronomical event. He adjusted the calendar by omitting 10 days from that year, so that the following year the astronomical equinox would fall on 21 March again, and he also adjusted the rule for leap years to keep the calendar date from drifting away from the astronomical event. This is accomplished by dropping a leap day every centennial year (those divisible by 100), but retaining the leap day every year divisible by 400. In other words, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years in the Gregorian calendar, but the years 1600 and 2000 are leap years. To obtain the average length of the Gregorian year, we must subtract from the Julian year three days in four hundred years
The Telson Spur: Field Nodes -- Concepts (1): Philosophy Philosophy (Björn Christensson) Blackwell Publishers' Guide to Online PhilosophyResources A Brief History of Time From Thales to callippus (Chris Weinkopf http://www.islandnet.com/~pjhughes/sci.htm
Extractions: Contents Jump Search Gopher ... Index DESCRIPTION : Insofar as it is a search for understanding, the search for meaning is a search for knowledge. Knowledge understood is obtained by the intellect, by reason and observation, and concepts are the means by which it is expressed. The first of three pages on Concepts (one of the Field Nodes comprising the subject tree of The Telson Spur ), this page is a list of links to on-line resources in philosophy. The coordinate pages, with a common header and List of Contents , contain links to resources in science studies and in the history and philosophy of science, and to resources in the dialogue of science with religion and in palaetiology, ( i.e. , historical science, broadly construed). For Ideas, see Ideas: The Record of Homo sapiens KEYWORDS : philosophy; logic; ethics; aesthetics; knowledge; epistemology; metaphysics; ontology; being; truth; reality; concept; Weltanschauung ; world-view
NASS Links - Sites Dial; A Brief History of Time From Thales to callippus; The MacTutorHistory Archive; History of Astronomy - University of Bonn; Article http://sundials.org/links/sites.htm
Ashmolean Museum: FAQ4 - The Parian Marble (Chad2-23) 16 330/29BC, 6) From when callippus demonstrated astrology, and Alexander tookDarius and hanged Bessus, 66 years, when Aristophon was archon at Athens. http://www.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/ash/faqs/q004/q004016.html
Extractions: Entries 1-10 [Interleaved Greek and English text (translation by Gillian Newing)] Page 9 of 11 1)_ [Philip died] and Ale[xander] is king, 72 years, when Pythodelus was archon at Athens. 2) From when Alexander marched against the Triballoi and Illyrians, and when the Thebans rose up and besieged the garrison, he came back, took the city by force, and destroyed it; 71 years, when Euainetus was archon in Athens. 3) From Alexander's crossing into Asia and the battle near the Granicus, and from the battle of Alexander against Darius at Issus, 70 years, when Ctesicles was archon at Athens. 4) From when Alexander seized Phoenicia and Cyprus and Egypt, 69 years, when Nicocrates was archon at Athens. 5) From the battle of Alexander against Darius near Arbela, which Alexander won. And Babylon was taken, and he dismissed the allies, and Alexandria was founded, 68 years, when Niketus was archon at Athens. 6) From when Callippus demonstrated astrology, and Alexander took Darius and hanged Bessus, 66 years, when Aristophon was archon at Athens.
Cooper To Detweiler Demosthenes, Against Boeotus; Demosthenes, Against Callicles; Demosthenes,Against callippus; Demosthenes, Against Conon; Demosthenes, Against http://www.ku.edu/carrie/stacks/books005.htm
Extractions: Darby, John N. (1801-1881), Synopsis to the Books of the Bible (work in progress) ... The Princess Aline Davis, Richard Harding: The Scarlet Car Davis, Richard Harding: Soldiers of Fortune Deakin, Michael A. B.: The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of Hypatia of Alexandria De Bonte, Peter W.: ... Dekker, Eduard Douwes Multatuli: Max Havelaar [zipped] Dekker, Thomas: Blurt, Master Constable Demades: On The Twelve Years Demmel, James: ... Meditations on the First Philosophy Return to Carrie Main Stacks
Tide And Current Glossary Devised by callippus, a Greek astronomer, about 350 BC, as a suggested improvementon the Metonic cycle for a period in which new and full Moon would recur on http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/glossary/gloss_c.html
ASTR 228: Chapter 6 - Aristotelian Science And Cosmology as being real ? 6.4. Aristotle (384 322 BC). Adopted basic Eudoxiansystem as modified by callippus (ca. 370 - ca. 300 BC); Major http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr228/CourseNotes/ln_ch06.htm
Calipo De Cízico Translate this page Nació en Cyzicus Asia Menor aproximadamente el 370 aC y murió hacia el 310 aC yse tiene noticia que callippus de Cyzicus trabajo con Aristóteles hacia 330 http://almaak.tripod.com/biografias/Calipo.htm
Extractions: Astrónomo Autodidacta. Nació en Cyzicus Asia Menor aproximadamente el 370 a.C. y murió hacia el 310 a.C. y se tiene noticia que Callippus de Cyzicus trabajo con Aristóteles hacia 330 a.C. Estudió en la escuela de Eudoxo y realizó observaciones astronómicas en el Helesponto. Su trabajo con Aristóteles en parte consistió en corregir y completar los descubrimientos de Eudoxo. Realizó determinaciones precisas sobre la duración de las estaciones y construyó un ciclo de 76 años que comprendían 940 meses para armonizar los años lunares y solares, este calendario fue adoptado en el 330 a.C. y utilizado por astrónomos posteriores. El calendario de Calipo esta basado en el periodo metódico ( siete años de 13 meses lunares y doce años de 12 meses lunares), diseñado por Metón (nacido alrededor del 460 a.C). El periodo Calípico es un ciclo de 4 periodos metónicos siendo mas preciso que este porque corregía la duración del año (365.25 días) que tenia un error en los cálculos de Metón (365 días). De esta manera el ciclo Calípico comprendía 4 x 235 días, o 940 meses lunares reduciendo la duración de los cuatro ciclos metónicos en un día. El total de días entonces quedó en (441 x 29) + (499 x 30), o 27,759 y 27,759 / (19 x 4) da 365.25 días. De esta manera Calipo hizo coincidir 940 meses lunares con 76 años tropicales de 365.25 días. Calipo en asocio a Aristóteles introdujo un sistema de 34 esferas para explicar el movimiento de los cuerpos celestes. El Sol, la Luna, Mercurio, Venus y Marte cada uno tenía cinco esferas, mientras que Júpiter, Saturno tenían 4 y las estrellas una. Esta adición de una esfera al sistema de Eudoxo aumentó la precisión de la teoría que exponía que los planetas se movían en círculo perfectos.
The San Antonio LitWeb Demosthenes Page Aphobus 2 On Line Against Aristocrates On Line Against Aristogiton 2 On Line AgainstBoeotus I On Line Against Callicles On Line Against callippus On Line http://www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/demosthe.htm
Www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/HetheringtonEncycTOC.txt Big Squeeze 42 Blue Shift 42 Bolometric Magnitude 42 Brahe, Tycho (15461601) 42Brahe's Cosmology 46 Buridan, Jean (1295-1358) 48 C-Field 51 callippus (b. ca. http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/HetheringtonEncycTOC.txt
Extractions: http://yorty.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/Table of contents for Hetherington, Norriss S., ed., Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Garland, NY, 1993). ISBN 0-8240-7213-8. Absolute Magnitude 3 Alhazen (965-ca. 1040) 3 Alpha-Beta-Gamma Theory 3 Anaximander (610-546 B.C.) 4 Anaximenes (fl. 546 B.C.) 4 Andromeda Galaxy 4 Anthropic Principle 11 Apparent Magnitude 17 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) 19 Aristotle's Cosmology 20 Astronomical Unit 25 Atomist Cosmology 25 Averroes (1126-1198) 27 Avicenna (980-1037) 27 Baade, Walter (1893-1960) 29 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1784-1846) 30 Big Bang Cosmology 31 Big Chill/Big Crunch 42 Big Squeeze 42 Blue Shift 42 Bolometric Magnitude 42 Brahe, Tycho (1546-1601) 42 Brahe's Cosmology 46 Buridan, Jean (1295-1358) 48 C-Field 51 Callippus (b. ca. 370 B.C.) 51 Campbell, Wm. Wallace (1862-1938) 52 Cave Dweller Cosmology 53 Chalcidius 55 Chamberlin, Thomas C. (1843-1928) 56 Chamberlin-Moulton Hypothesis 56 Chaucer's Cosmology 58 Chinese Cosmology 63 Cold Dark Matter 70 Cold Dark Matter Model 70 Copernican Cosmology 71 Copernican Revolution 92 Copernicus, Nicolas (1473-1543) 99 Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation 100 Cosmic Mindstep 105 Cosmic Scale Factor 106 Cosmic Strings 106 Cosmogony 115 Cosmological Constant 115 Cosmology 116 Cosmology 1900-1931 116 Creation in Cosmology 126 Critical Energy Density 136 Curtis, Heber Doust 138 Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) 139 Dante's Moral Cosmology 140 Dark Matter 148 Deceleration of the Universe 158 Decoupling Time 159 Descartes, Rene (1596-1650) 160 Descartes's Mechanical Cosmology 164 Digges, Thomas (1546-1595) 176 Dirac, Paul Andrien Maurice (1902-1984) 177 Dirac's Cosmology 177 Distance Modulus 179 Doppler, Christian (1803-1853) 179 Doppler Shift 180 Dreyer, Johann Louis Emil (1852-1926) 180 Early Greek Cosmology 183 Eddington, Arthur Stanley (1882-1944) 188 Egyptian Cosmology 189 Einstein, Albert (1879-1955) 194 Empedocles (ca. 492-432 B.C.) 195 Empyrean Orb 196 Eternal Universe 196 Eodoxus (ca. 400-347 B.C.) 197 Eudoxus's Cosmology 198 Evolution of a Newtonian Universe 201 Exponential Expansion in an Inflationary Universe 204 False Vacuum 205 Fath, Edward A. (1880-1959) 206 Fireworks Theory of Cosmic Evolution 208 Flatness Problem 208 Fontenelle, Bernard de Bovier(1657-1757) 212 Formation of Galaxies 212 Fraunhofer, Joseph von (1787-1826) 217 Fundamental Cosmological Parameters 218 Galilei, Galileo (1564-1642) 245 Galileo and the Inquisition 248 Galileo's Cosmology 252 General Catalogue 254 Grand Unified Theories 254 Great Attractor 260 Great Debate 260 Great Wall 262 Greek Cosmology 263 Heavens 267 Henderson, Thomas (1798-1878) 268 Heraclitus (fl. ca. 500 B.C.) 268 Herschel, F. William (1738-1822) 268 Herschel, John F.W. (1792-1871) 269 Herschel's (W.) Cosmology 273 Hertzsprung, Ejnar (1873-1967) 277 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 278 Hexameral Treatises 280 Hipparchus (2nd century B.C.) 281 Horizon Distance 281 Horizon Problem 281 Hot Dark Matter 283 Hot Dark Matter Model 283 Hoyle-Narlikar Theory 283 Hubble, Edwin P. (1889-1953) 283 Hubble Constant 284 Hubble Diagram 284 Hubble Time 285 Hubble's Cosmology 285 Hubble's Law 296 Huggins, Sir William (1824-1910) 296 Humason, Milton (1891-1972) 297 Ibn al-'Arabi (1165-1240) 299 Index Catalogues 301 Inflationary Universe 301 International System 322 Islamic Cosmology 322 Jeans, James Hopwood (1877-1946) 331 K-effect 333 Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) 334 Kant's Cosmology 335 Keeler, James Edward (1857-1900) 343 Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630) 345 Kepler's Cosmology 346 Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-1887) 353 Laplace, Pierre-Simon, Marquis de (1749-1827)355 Large-Number Hypothesis 355 Large-Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation 356 Lemaitre, Georges (1894-1966) 365 Light-Year 366 Lombard, Peter (died ca. 1160) 366 Magnitude System 367 Martianus Capella (ca. 365-400) 369 Mayer-Teller Theory 369 Medieval Cosmology 370 Megalithic Cosmology 380 Mesopotamian Accounts of Creation 387 Messier, Charles (1730-1817) 408 Messier Catalogue 409 Milne, Edward Arthur (1896-1950) 409 Milne's Cosmology 410 Minkowski, Rudolph L. (1895-1976) 416 Moulton, Forest Ray (1872-1952) 417 Multiple Universes 417 Native American Cosmologies 427 Nebular Hypothesis 436 Neutralinos 437 New General Catalogue 437 Newton, Isaac (1642-1727) 437 Newtonian Cosmology 438 Nineteenth-Century Cosmology and Reflecting Telescopes 444 North Polar Sequence 450 Oresme, Nicole (1320-1382) 451 Origins of Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Prediction of Cosmic Background Radiation453 Origins of Steady State Theory 475 Parallax 479 Parmenides (ca. 515-450 B.C.) 479 Parsons, Wm, Third Earl of Rosse (1800-1867)479 Perfect Cosmological Principle 480 Philosophical Aspects of the Origin of Modern Cosmology 481 Phoenix Universe 495 Photographic Magnitude 495 Photovisual Magnitude 495 Plato (428/427-348/347 B.C.) 495 Plato's Cosmology 499 Plurality of Worlds 502 Primeval Atom Hypothesis 512 Proper Motion 513 Ptolemaic Planetary Theory 513 Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.) 526 Ptolemy's Cosmology 528 Pythagoras (ca. 560-480 B.C.) 544 Quantum Cosmology and the Creation of the Universe 547 Quasars and Cosmology 558 Radius of Curvature of the Universe 565 Redshift 565 References 565 Relativistic Cosmology 566 Religion and Cosmology 579 Robertson-Walker Metric 595 Robinson, Thomas Romney (1793-1882) 595 Romantic Cosmology 596 Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich (1921-1989) 605 Scheiner, Julius (1858-1913) 608 Secular Parallax 609 Seeds 609 Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (ca. 4 B.C.-A.D. 65) 609 Sentences 609 Slipher, Vesto Melvin (1875-1969) 609 Smoothness Problem 610 Spectroscopic Parallax 612 Spectroscopy and Cosmology 613 Spectrum 625 Speed of Light 626 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 626 Statisticial Parallax 628 Steady State Theory 629 Stebbins-Whitford Effect 636 Stellar Parallax 636 Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm 639 Systematic Constitution 640 Thales (625?-547 B.C.) 641 Theon of Smyrna (early 2nd century A.D.) 642 Timaeus 643 Topological Defects 643 Trigonometric Parallax 643 Tully-Fisher Relation 643 U B V System 645 Universe 645 Van Maanen, Adriaan (1884-1946) 645 Van Maanen's Internal Motions in Spiral Nebulae 646 Vogel, Hermann Carl (1841-1907) 656 Weakily Interacting Massive Particles 659 Wilkins, John (1614-1672) 659 Wirtz, Carl Wilhelm (1876-1939) 660 Xenophanes (ca. 575-478 B.C.) 661 YLEM 661 Zwicky, Fritz (1898-1974) 661 J. S. Tenn, 1997-03-30
