Geometry.Net - Scientists: Gibbs J Willard

J.W. Gibbs
The Scientific Papers of J. willard gibbs. Dover Publications, Inc.New York, 1961, 434 pp. an unabridged and unaltered republication
http://titan.minpet.unibas.ch/minpet/groups/thermodict/notes/gibbspaper.html

Extractions: Notes on J.W. Gibbs by Christian de Capitani Navigation Window: Thermodynamics in Basel [Dover Publications, Inc. New York, 1961, 434 pp. an unabridged and unaltered republication of the work originally published by Longmans, Green and Company in 1906] From the introduction by Henry Andrews Bumstead: Josiah Willard Gibbs was born in New Haven, Connecticut, February 11, 1839, and died in the same city, April 28, 1903. He graduated from Yale College in 1858, received the degree of doctor of philosophy in 1863 and was appointed a tutor in the college for a term of three years. After his term as tutor he went to Paris (winter 1866/67) and to Berlin (1967), where he heard the lectures of Magnus and other teachers of physics and mathematics. In 1868 he went to Heidelberg where Kirchhoff and Ostwald were then stationed returning to New Haven in June 1869. Two years later he was appointed Professor of mathematical physics in Yale College, a position he held until the time of his death. In 1876 and 1878 he published the two parts of the paper "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", which is generally considered his most important contribution to physical sciences. It was translated into German in 1881 by Ostwald and into French in 1889 by Le Chatelier.
History Of Chemistry
Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, Johann Carl FriedrichGauss, Gauss Josiah willard gibbs (1839 1903) J. willard gibbs, Dr. J
http://www.chemistrycoach.com/history_of_chemistry.htm

Extractions: The links are organized from most comprehensive to least, except that foreign language links generally appear at the end. Although I have not given information about each link, you can learn a lot by passing the cursor over the link and reading the web address. Kurt Alder Kurt Alder Kurt Alder Kurt Alder ... Sir Humphry Davy; Electricity and Chemical Affinity , Sir Humphry Davy, Sir Humphry Davy Sir Humphry Davy
Untitled
J. willard gibbs. America's early leading figure in statistical mechanics.The Scientific Papers of J. willard gibbs, Dover, New York (1961).
http://simons.hec.utah.edu/TheoryPage/links&ref.htm

Extractions: Links that offer access to information on this subject include http://www.amber.UCSF.edu/amber/amber.html http://www.msi.com/science/index.html In addition, Professor Peter Wolynes at the University of Illinois is an expert on this subject. Lasers Two of the most activeworkers who use lasers to probe molecular structure and dynamics are: Professor Dick Zare, Stanford University http://www-chem.stanford.edu/faculty/zare/ http://www.stanford.edu/group/Zarelab Professor Ahmed Zewail, Cal Tech http://www.caltech.edu/~chemistry/Faculties/Zewail.html He was a Swedish scientist who discovered the ln(k) = A -E a /RT temperature dependence of reaction rate coefficients. This man's doctoral thesis was nearly rejected by his committee because it also contained the suggestion (new and thus controversial at that time) that salts exist in solution as positive and negative ions that float around as separately solvated species. He later won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Prof. J. O. Hirschfelder
Gibbs Free Energy
American physicist, J. willard gibbs combined together the two principles thechange in potential energy of the system, H, and the change in entropy, S
http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/chemistry/mission2mars/contents/chapter5/chap5_

Extractions: S is the entropy change Remember our driving forces. Click for help If H is negative (an exothermic reaction) and S is positive, then a reaction must be spontaneous in the forward direction since both driving forces are working to cause the reaction. T must always be a positive value, so this means that for a spontaneous reaction, G must be negative. If H is positive (an endothermic reaction) and S is negative, then a reaction cannot be spontaneous in the forward direction since both driving forces are working to oppose the reaction. T must always be a positive value, so this means that for a non-spontaneous reaction, G must be positive. This means that the reaction is really spontaneous in the reverse direction. The third possibility is G could be zero. If a reaction is neither spontaneous, nor non-spontaneous, then it is not changing. What is an unchanging reaction? It is at equilibrium!
People: Physicists, Astronomers, And Astrophysicists
gibbs, J. willard Biography provided by the School of Mathematicsand Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Includes
http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/physics/noframes/people.html

Extractions: Directories Historical Figures Other Biographical Resources Bohr, Niels Henrik David Biography provided by PBS Online. Fermi, Enrico Brief biography provided by San Jose State University Virtual Museum. Includes references. Galileo Galilei-1564-1642-Notes on Motion Contains Galileo's notes, calculations, drawings, and drafts related to his theorems and problems on motion and mechanics. Galileo Project At Rice University. Includes information regarding the life and work of Galileo Galilei.
NTU01 - Full View Of Record
Title, Elementary principles in statistical mechanics developed with especialreference to the rational foundation of thermodynamics / by J. willard gibbs.
http://147.102.210.2:4505/ALEPH0/300313-01968/direct-next/NTU01-0007238-999-SYSN

Extractions: NTU01 - Full View of Record NTU01-0007239 Add to Basket Choose format: Standard Card catalog Citation Name tags ... MARC tags To locate this record in other databases, click here ID no. Dewey 530.13 GIB Author Gibbs, J. Willard Title Elementary principles in statistical mechanics : developed with especial reference to the rational foundation of thermodynamics / by J. Willard Gibbs Publication New York : Dover Publications, 1960. Descr. xviii, 207 p.; 21 cm. Language Eng Gen. Note "An unbridged and unaltered republication of the work first published by the Yale University Press in 1902". Subject Statistical mechanics Subject Thermodynamics ... Global-Holdings All items
STORIE DI STORIA (www.cronologia.it)
Translate this page CARNOT LEOPOLD, GAY-LUSSAC, METCHNIKOFF ELIA, STOPPANI ANTONIO. CARRELALEXIX, gibbs J. willard, MICHELSON ROBERT, SZENT GYORGYI. CASSINI
http://www.cronologia.it/filosofia/neo01.htm

Extractions: MODA COLLABORATE !!! OGNUNO DI NOI HA UNA TESTIMONIANZA, UN DOCUMENTO, UNA FOTOGRAFIA, UN QUALCOSA CHE SFUGGE A TUTTI GLI STUDIOSI, CHE NELL'ERA DI INTERNET SONO POCHI, E INOLTRE HANNO SEMPRE POCO TEMPO, DISCUTONO, FANNO CONFERENZE, SE SCRIVONO NON LEGGONO, SE LEGGONO NON SCRIVONO E PURTROPPO ANCHE LORO HANNO SOLO COME TUTTI NOI CIRCA 1000 MESI DI VITA, MENTRE I DOCUMENTI SEPOLTI SOTTO CHISSA' QUANTA POLVERE SONO MILIONI, MILIARDI, SPARSI IN OGNI DOVE, SPESSO IGNORATI, MENTRE INVECE SONO IL TASSELLO CHE CERCHIAMO DA ANNI, DA SECOLI, DA MILLENNI. INTERNET, MONDIALIZZAZIONE DEL SAPERE ! - E QUALE MIGLIORE MEZZO PER "AGGIORNARE" L'AMMUFFITO SAPERE ! IN DIECI ANNI HO FATTO LA PIONIERISTICA ESPERIENZA SULLA RETE MONDIALE, E DA TUTTO IL MONDO MI E' ARRIVATO (*) QUELLO CHE NON HANNO MAI VISTO MILLE STUDIOSI MESSI INSIEME, NE' UN BIBLIOTECARIO DI UNA METROPOLI. (*) MIGLIAIA DI LIBRI, OPUSCOLI, GIORNALI, FOTOGRAFIE, DOCUMENTI, TESTIMONIANZE DI PARENTI DI RE, REGINE, PRESIDENTI, FUNZIONARI, ARTISTI DIMENTICATI, LETTERATI IGNORATI, PROFESSORI NON VALORIZZATI O "ERUDITI" ILLETTERATI, MI SCRIVONO CORREGGENDO, PUNTUALIZZANDO, TESTIMONIANDO QUELLO I LIBRI UNA VOLTA STAMPATI NON POSSONO INVECE FARE. QUI PRO QUO SCRIVONO E QUI PRO QUO RIMANE, PER ANNI, PER SECOLI, E QUALCUNO OSA PARLARE DI FILOLOGIA.
CMPS: CMPS News
WHATS NEW J. willard gibbs and His Legacy A Double Centennial.Held on March 56, this symposium, cosponsored by the University
http://www.cmps.umd.edu/cmps_news.htm

Extractions: RAYMOND L. GILBERT, 92 BS Physics/Mathematics, passed away February 14 in the Indianapolis home of a friend. Raymond, an independent computer consultant who had worked at both Lucent and Lilly Corporation, had been involved with the Physics Club and had been a teaching and research assistant in physics. He was active with the American Contract Bridge League, serving on the Central Indiana Bridge Association Board. Mr. Gilbert was a successful tournament player and won many sectional and regional titles. HONORS DONAT WENTZEL, Professor Emeritus, Astronomy, was awarded the American Astronomical Society's 2003 George Van Biesbroeck Prize for "….outstanding and sustained contributions during three decades to astronomy education in this country, by stimulating the American Astronomical Society to become, and remain, engaged in education, and internally, through the International Astronomical Union, by guiding the Commission on Teaching of Astronomy and by working for the growth of astronomy programs in developing countries." The Van Biesbroeck prize is normally awarded annually, honors a living individual for long-term extraordinary or unselfish service to astronomy, often beyond the requirements of his or her paid position.
Gibbs
Chemical Thermodynamics. gibbs Free Energy. J. willard gibbs was the first personto be awarded a Ph.D. in science from an American University (Yale, 1863).
http://wine1.sb.fsu.edu/chm1046/notes/Thermody/Gibbs/Gibbs.htm

Extractions: Dr. Michael Blaber Chemical Thermodynamics Gibbs Free Energy J. Willard Gibbs was the first person to be awarded a Ph.D. in science from an American University (Yale, 1863) Spontaneous reactions often have: The spontaneity of a reaction appears to involve two thermodynamic properties: enthalpy and entropy Gibbs came up with an equation, combining both enthalpy and entropy contributions, that provided a means to describe energy content and therefore a means to evaluate the spontaneity of a reaction when that energy content changes. The energy contents of a substance was termed the Gibbs Free Energy and it was defined by the Gibbs Free Energy equation: G = H - T*S The free energy of a substance = stored heat energy - inherent disorder at a reference temperature H is enthalpy, S is entropy and T is the temperature in Kelvin
Gibbs Phenomenon
(J. willard gibbs, 18391903, American physicist), phenomenon occurringwhenever a 'curve' with sharp edges is subject to Fourier analysis.
http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume I/GIBBS PHENOMENON.asp

Extractions: *For Medical Professionals only, registration required Gibbs phenomenon, (J. Willard Gibbs, 18391903, American physicist), phenomenon occurring whenever a 'curve' with sharp edges is subject to Fourier analysis . The Gibbs phenomenon is relevant in MR imaging,where it is responsible for so-called Gibbs artefacts. Consider a signal intensity profile across the skull, where at the edge of the brain the signal changes from virtually zero to a finite value. In MR imaging the measurement process is a breakdown of such intensity profiles into their Fourier harmonics (see Fourier transformation FT ), i. e. sine and cosine functions. Representation of the profiles measured with a limited number of Fourier harmonics is imperfect, resulting in high-frequency oscillations at the edges, and the image can therefore exhibit some noticeable spatial signal intensity variations at intensity boundaries: the Gibbs phenomenon, overshoot artefacts or "ringing".The artefacts can be suppressed by filtering the images. However, filtering can in turn reduce spatial resolution.
Alpha Chi Sigma -- Professional Chemical Fraternity
gibbs Medal. American Chemical Society Chicago Sectionís gibbs Medal Award Winners.Year. Recipient. 1958. willard F. Libby. Sigma 1941. 1984. Elias J. Corey. 1985.
http://www.alphachisigma.org/awards/gibbs.html

Extractions: Award ACS Presidents AIChE Presidents ... GVD American Chemical Society Chicago Sectionís Gibbs Medal Award Winners Year Recipient Initiation Svante Arrhenius Theodore W. Richards Leo H. Baekeland Ira Remsen Arthur A. Noyes Willis R. Whitney Edward W. Morley William M. Burton William A. Noyes, Sr. Zeta 1914 F.G. Cottrell Mme. Marie Curie Julius Stieglitz Gilbert N. Lewis Moses Gomberg Sir James Colquhoun Irvine John Jacob Abel William Draper Harkins Claude Silbert Hudson Irving Langmuir Phoebus A. Levene Edward Curtis Franklin Richard Willstatter Harold Clayton Urey Charles August Kraus Roger Adams Omicron 1912 Herbert Newby McCoy Robert R. Williams Donald Dexter Van Slyke Vladimir Ipatieff Edward A. Doisy Thomas Midgley, Jr. Alpha Delta 1936 Conrad A. Elvehjem George O. Curme, Jr. Frank C. Whitmore Linus Pauling Sigma 1940 Wendell M. Stanley Carl F. Cori Peter J. W. Debye Tau 1941 Carl S. Marvel Zeta 1918 William Francis Glauque William C. Rose Joel H. Hildebrand Sigma 1913 Elmer K. Bolton Farrington Daniels Beta 1908 Vincent du Vigneaud Zeta 1930 W. Albert Noyes, Jr.
Maxwell_visual
data. This plaster model was sent to J.willard gibbs at Yale by Maxwellin recognition of gibbs' theoretical achievements. Maxwell
http://www.krasnow.gmu.edu/twest/maxwell_visual.html

Extractions: Maxwell's Visualizations "The persistence of the artistic gift in a family so practical in outlook is a striking fact, one that must be born in mind in analyzing Maxwell's genius. Each generation threw up clever artists, among whom not the least able was Maxwell's cousin Jemima . . . whose brilliant water-color paintings of Maxwell's childhood are a perpetual delight to Maxwell scholars." Maxwell's early "scientific visualization" of data relating to thermodynamics. Shown here in a display case at the New Cavendish Laborartory outside Cambridge, England, Maxwell called his plaster of Paris model a "sculpture." Actually it was a early example of a three-dimensional surface plot of data relating the behavior of a fluid under various temperatures and pressures. Photography credit: Thomas G. West The following column on Maxwell's visualizations appeared in the February 1999 issue of ACM-SIGGRAPH's COMPUTER GRAPHICS IMAGES AND REVERSALS James Clerk Maxwell, Working in Wet Clay
Vectors
Vector Analysis A TextBook for the use of Students of Mathematics and Physics,Founded Upon the Lectures of J. willard gibbs. New York Dover, 1960. 436 p.
http://www.ericweisstein.com/encyclopedias/books/Vectors.html

Extractions: see also Potential Theory Tensors Vector Aris, Rutherford. Vectors, Tensors, and the Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics. New York: Dover, 1989. $9.56. Borisenko, A.I. and Tarpov, I.E. Vector and Tensor Analysis with Applications. Chrisholm. Vectors in Three-Dimensional Space. Crowe, Michael J. A History of Vector Analysis: The Evolution of the Idea of a Vectorial System. New York: Dover, 1994. 270 p. $7.95. Davis, Harry F. and Snider, Arthur D. Introduction to Vector Analysis, 4th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. Out of print. $?. Eisenman, Richard L. Matrix Vector Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963. 314 p. Gibbs, Josiah Willard and Wilson, Edwin Bidwell. Vector Analysis: A Text-Book for the use of Students of Mathematics and Physics, Founded Upon the Lectures of J. Willard Gibbs. New York: Dover, 1960. 436 p. Lass, Harry. Vector and Tensor Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1950. 347. p. $?. MacDuffee, Cyrus Colton. Vectors and Matrices. Mathematical Assoc. of America, 1943. 203 p. Marion, Jerry B.
Recent News
Demonstration. Appreciation. This page provides coverage of Recent News andEvents of the Department and its members. HAPPY BIRTHDAY. J. willard gibbs !
http://mse.eng.mcmaster.ca/NEWS.htm

Extractions: Upcoming MSE Events Department News Alumni Information News Archives ... Upcoming Events Recognition Demonstration Appreciation This page provides coverage of Recent News and Events of the Department and its members. Several of our undergrads received scholarships and awards for their achievements during the 2001-2002 school year. Link to the full story... Best Poster Award for Jinichiro Nakano ASM International Ontario Chapter Education Night, 2003 featured a student poster session, with about 20 poster presentations from McMaster, University of Toronto, University of Waterloo and Ryerson University.. The winning poster in the Graduate category was by our own Jinichiro Nakano for his poster entitled: "Dross Formation and Thermodynamics during a Continuous Galvanizing Process", co-authored by Dr. Gary Purdy and Dr. Dmitri Malakhov, funded by McMaster Steel Research Centre. Jin
Recent News
HAPPY BIRTHDAY. J. willard gibbs ! February 11, 2003 marked the 164th anniversaryof the birth of gibbs, whom we in MSE all learn to love or hate!
http://mse.eng.mcmaster.ca/news.htm

Extractions: Upcoming MSE Events Department News Alumni Information News Archives ... Upcoming Events Recognition Demonstration Appreciation This page provides coverage of Recent News and Events of the Department and its members. Several of our undergrads received scholarships and awards for their achievements during the 2001-2002 school year. Link to the full story... Best Poster Award for Jinichiro Nakano ASM International Ontario Chapter Education Night, 2003 featured a student poster session, with about 20 poster presentations from McMaster, University of Toronto, University of Waterloo and Ryerson University.. The winning poster in the Graduate category was by our own Jinichiro Nakano for his poster entitled: "Dross Formation and Thermodynamics during a Continuous Galvanizing Process", co-authored by Dr. Gary Purdy and Dr. Dmitri Malakhov, funded by McMaster Steel Research Centre. Jin
Chemistry Of Gibbs Helmholtz Energetik
The American chemist and physicist J. willard gibbs (18391903) of Yale universitywas the first to formulate a fundamental theory theory of the thermodynamics
http://www.compuchem.com/gibbs_us.htm

Extractions: The Basis of Energetics 1. History of Chemical Energetics In the last third of the nineteenth century different scientists tried to find a connection between energy and the driving force of chemical reactions. Since reactions that go more thoroughly to completion tend to be exothermic, the French chemist Marcelin BERTHELOT (1827-1907) proposed a first principle: "The thermal energy of a chemical reaction and the constancy of the products formed spontaneously at these reactions are a measure for the chemical affinity." By affinity (Lat. kinship) the old chemists understood the ability of materials to react with each other; those that exhibited this tendency were considered to be "kindred". Also the English scientist Sir William THOMSON (lord KELVIN) independently developed essentially the same hypothesis, namely that endothermic reactions could not take place spontaneously (at that time no conterexamples were known; the endothermic dissolution of salts was not then considered a chemical process.) The American chemist and physicist J. Willard GIBBS (1839-1903) of Yale university was the first to formulate a fundamental theory theory of the thermodynamics of the driving force of chemical reactions. Also the Dutch chemist van't HOFF, who worked at the Prussian academy of sciences, demonstrated experimentally in 1906 that the energy released in a reaction does not of itself determine whether or not a reaction proceeds. Van't Hoff ascertained when mixing natriumsulfate (=sodiumsulfate) with kaliumchloride (=potassiumchloride) a endotherm reaction under liquefaction. At this reaction the order in the crystall lattice changes.
SOBRE EL EQUILIBRIO DE LAS SUSTANCIAS HETEROGENEAS
J. willard gibbs (A Commentary on the Scientific Writings of J. willard gibbs
http://galia.fc.uaslp.mx/~medellin/AntologiadeFisica/equilibrio.htm

Extractions: SOBRE EL EQUILIBRIO DE LAS SUSTANCIAS HETEROGENEAS Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839 -1903) Los sabios alemanes hablaban con reverencia de "Jibbs aus Yali" "Gibbs of Yale"- Para los iniciados en matemáticas sigue siendo mina de conocimientos fecundos, aunque rigurosos, la gran monografía de Gibbs "Sobre el equilibrio de las sustancias heterogéneas". Acerca de dicha obra escribe lo siguiente un comentador reciente, P. S. Epstein, en "Comentario de los escritos científicos de J. Willard Gibbs" (A Commentary on the Scientific Writings of J. Willard Gibbs, Yale University Press, 1936 ): "Vemos aquí un fenómeno casi sin paralelo en la historia de la ciencia. Un investigador joven, tras de descubrir una rama de la ciencia enteramente nueva, dio en un solo informe una exposición completa de la misma, que contiene en germen todos los progresos realizados por la química teórica durante un cuarto de siglo, "No es de extrañar que los habitantes de New Haven y aun los colegas no avezados a las matemáticas que tenía Gibbs en la Universidad de Yale, no llegasen a comprender la importancia de la obra en la vida del autor. En primer lugar, aunque bondadoso y afable, fue Gibbs personalmente modesto; en segundo lugar, el tema era abstruso; en tercer lugar, su estilo, como se verá por la breve muestra que aquí reproducimos, era seco, abstracto y desabrido, poco menos que traducción literal del lenguaje matemático en inglés latinizado.
Lives
He classified the order of a phase transition. J. willard gibbs I have often askedmy students in introductory physics courses if they knew the name of gibbs.
http://www.phys.ufl.edu/~kumar/lives.htm

Extractions: I have been fascinated by lives of some people. Here are a few examples: Chatelet, Gabrielle-Emilie, Marquise du: (1706-1749) A noblewoman, who died young, following childbirth, she had translated Newton's Principia in to French. Also see http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Chatelet.html. J. Willard Gibbs : I have often asked my students in introductory physics courses if they knew the name of Gibbs. According to Maxwell, he was the greatest american scientist of the 19th century. The answer has often been a blank stare. When the movie "Amistad" had just come out, one adventurous soul offered if that was the linguist who translated the slaves. Ahem, well that was Gibbs Sr., the father of the famous scientist. Gibbs Jr. is also credited with the invention of vectors. Here is another link: http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gibbs.html Warren Hastings Warren Hastings was not a scientist, but a fascinating biography of him has been written by the noted physicist/author Jeremy Bernstein . He was the first Governor General of the East India Company in India. In the manner of Jefferson, Hastings organized expeditions to Bhutan and Tibet. He consolidated the British empire. On his return to England, he was impeached (!) for maladministration. In the trial in the House of Lords, Hastings was acquitted.
Brooklyn Public Library /All Locations
1832 1 gibbs, Josiah willard, 18391903 See gibbs, J. willard (Josiah willard),1839-1903 1 gibbs, KC 1973 1 gibbs (Katharine) Schools See Katharine
http://catalog.brooklynpubliclibrary.org:90/kids/1899,1927/search/aGibbs, Margar
USN Ships--USNS Josiah Willard Gibbs (T-AGOR-1)
USNS Josiah willard gibbs (TAGOR-1), 1958-1971. Previously USS San Carlos (AVP-51). Foradditional views relating to USNS Josiah willard gibbs, see
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-j/agor1.htm

Extractions: Previously USS San Carlos (AVP-51) USNS Josiah Willard Gibbs , a 2,800-ton oceanographic research ship, was originally commissioned in March 1944 as the small seaplane tender San Carlos (AVP-51). In 1958 she was taken out of reserve and converted at Mobile, Alabama, to an oceanographic research ship. She was reclassified T-AGOR-1 in December 1958 and renamed Josiah Willard Gibbs after a highly respected professor of mathematical physics at Yale (1839-1903) whose work was much used by oceanographers. During the same month she was placed in service with the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS). For the next decade, MSTS operated Josiah Willard Gibbs as the principal research vessel for the Hudson Laboratories of Columbia University, one of a number of universities and private organizations which carried out oceanographic research for the Navy under contract with the Office of Naval Research. She was dedicated primarily to research in the physics of the ocean, particularly the propogation of sound, as part of ONR's efforts to improve the Navy's submarine and anti-submarine warfare capabilities. Her relatively large size allowed her to handle heavier weights at greater depths and provide greater stability for delicate scientific measurements than any oceanographic research vessel then in use. Her large deep-sea winch and auxiliary propeller gave her the capability to investigate even the deep ocean trenches scattered throughout the world.

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