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Chapters: Kurt Gödel, John Von Neumann, Grover Cleveland, Aaron Burr, Alonzo Church, Eugene Wigner, Jonathan Edwards, Henry Norris Russell, George Gallup, John Witherspoon, B. B. Warfield, David Hunter, David Kellogg Lewis, Charles Hodge, John Tukey, Roger Atkinson Pryor, William Drew Robeson I, Robert F. Stockton, Moses Taylor Pyne, William Willet, George Wildman Ball, Princeton Cemetery, Sylvia Beach, Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston, John Maclean, Jr., Maria Louisa Bustill, James Waddel Alexander, William Cowper Alexander, Edward Parke Custis Lewis, Frank Lewin, Archibald Alexander, Lyman Spitzer, Aaron Burr, Sr., Richard Stockton, Richard Stockton Field, Howard Alexander Smith, John P. Stockton, John Huston Finley, Joseph Addison Alexander, Canvass White, Paul Tulane, John Renshaw Thomson, Peter Charles Harris, Edward Samuel Corwin, Samuel Davies, William G. Thompson, Ruth Cleveland. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 279. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms (18851889 and 18931897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three timesin 1884, 1888, and 1892and was the only Democrat elected to the presidency in the era of Republican political domination that lasted from 1860 to 1912. Cleveland's admirers praise him for his honesty, independence, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. As a leader of the Bourbon Democrats, he opposed imperialism, taxes, subsidies and inflationary policies. As a reformer he also worked against political corruption, patronage, and bossism. Some of Cle...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=12495 ... Read more

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This digital document, covering the life and work of Eugene Paul Wigner, is an entry from Contemporary Authors, a reference volume published by Thompson Gale. The length of the entry is 906 words. The page length listed above is based on a typical 300-word page. Although the exact content of each entry from this volume can vary, typical entries include the following information:

• Place and date of birth and death (if deceased)
• Family members
• Education
• Professional associations and honors
• Employment
• Writings, including books and periodicals
• A description of the author's work
• References to further readings about the author

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Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: John Von Neumann, George Pólya, Harry Houdini, Béla Bartók, Eugene Wigner, Thomas Szasz, Edward Teller, Leó Szilárd, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Isaac Klein, Eva Gabor, Magda Gabor, Jolie Gabor, Robert Capa, Lee Strasberg, George Soros, Tom Lantos, Béla H. Bánáthy, George Szell, Eugene Ormandy, Albert Szent-Györgyi, Charles Simonyi, Marcel Breuer, Theodore Von Kármán, Tibor Rubin, Joe Eszterhas, Andrew Grove, Marta Eggerth, Ernő Schwarz, Steven Kemenyffy, Emery Roth, Cornell Capa, Antal Doráti, Julius Stahel, Joseph H. Hertz, Juli Veee, John George Kemeny, Hugo Gellert, Gabor Boritt, Francis de Erdely, Peter Lax, Alexander Pfitzner, Fritz Reiner, Alexander Asboth, Gene Mako, Paul Nemenyi, Mihály Iglói, William Fox, Cornelius Lanczos, Vilmos Zsigmond, György Sándor, Yosef Goldman, Julius Thomas Fraser, László Tábori, Snitz Edwards, Zoltán Lajos Bay, Thomas Sebeok, Sigmund Romberg, Jim Benedek, Béla A. Bánáthy, Kati Marton, Mischa Markow, Theodore S. Weiss, Susan Francia, Gregory Nagy, Egon Orowan, John Batki, George Kish, Nicholas Nagy-Talavera, Leslie L. Vadász, Richard Bartha, Ferenc A. Váli, Samuel S. Koenig, Endre Szemerédi, Ernie Konnyu, István Deák, László Babai, Alex Blum, Charles Vidor, Éva Szörényi, Laszlo Belady, Lipa Goldman, John Birges, Magda Gerber, László Tisza, Vince Nagy, Samuel Gold, Tibor Radó, Károly Peyer, Victor Nellenbogen, Charles Korvin, Victor Szebehely, Ladislas Goldstein, Mario Szegedy, Áron Tamási, Soma Weiss, Bernat Rosner, E. Andrew Balas, Miklós Nyárádi, Tiny Kline, Agí Donáth, Edward R. Straznicky, Paul Fejos, Iren Marik, Joseph John Annabring, Ladislas Segoe. Source: Wikipedia. Free updates online. Not illustrated. Excerpt: Harry Houdini (March 24, 1874 - October 31, 1926) was a Hungarian-American magician and escapologist, stunt performer, actor and film produ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=53395 ... Read more

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Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner was a Hungarian Americanphysicist and mathematician.He received the Nobel Prize inPhysics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of theatomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularlythrough the discovery and application of fundamentalsymmetry principles". Some contemporaries referred toWigner as the Silent Genius and some even considered himthe intellectual equal to Albert Einstein, though withouthis prominence. Wigner is important for having laid thefoundation for the theory of symmetries in quantummechanics as well as for his research into atomic nuclei,and for his several theorems. ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Niels Bohr, Eugene Wigner, Aage Bohr, Leó Szilárd, Edwin Mcmillan, Abdus Salam, Alvin M. Weinberg, George de Hevesy, John Cockcroft, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Bennett Lewis, Ben Roy Mottelson, Walter Zinn, Henry Kaplan, Henry Dewolf Smyth, Sigvard Eklund, Vladimir Veksler, Atoms for Peace Award, Anthony L. Turkevich. Excerpt:Aage Niels Bohr Aage Niels Bohr (Danish pronunciation: ( listen); 19 June 1922 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist and Nobel laureate , and the son of Niels and Margrethe Bohr. Life and career Bohr was born in Copenhagen in 1922, and grew up surrounded by physicists such as Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg , who were working with his father at the Institute for Theoretical Physics (now the Niels Bohr Institute ) at the University of Copenhagen . In 1940, shortly after the German occupation of Denmark, Bohr began his physics degree at the University of Copenhagen. In October 1943, shortly before he was to be arrested by the German police, Niels Bohr escaped to Sweden with his family, later travelling to London and on to work on the Manhattan Project . During this time, Aage Bohr travelled with his father, acting as his assistant and secretary. The Bohrs returned to Denmark in 1945, and Aage returned to University, graduating with a master's degree in 1946, with a thesis concerned with some aspects of atomic stopping problems. Following graduation, he became an associate at the Niels Bohr Institute. Bohr worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in early 1948, and later at Columbia University from January 1949 to August 1950. While in the US, Bohr married Marietta Soffer; the couple had three children, Vilhelm, Tomas and Margrethe. Bohr became a professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1956, and, following his father's death in 19... ... Read more

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Chapters: John von Neumann, Eugene Wigner, Edward Teller, Leó Szilárd, Arthur Koestler, Stephen Heller, Theodore von Kármán, Dennis Gabor, Ladislaus Hengelmüller von Hengervár, Andrew Grove, George de Hevesy, John George Kemeny, Fritz Reiner, Katalin Karády, Ödön Lechner, Alexander von Wagner, Nicholas Kurti, Béla Orczy, József Hild, Frigyes Feszl, Samu Pecz, Ignác Alpár, Adolf Pollitzer, Joseph Hirsch Weiss, Gustav Kadelburg, Zsigmond Quittner, István Gorove,. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 157. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Arthur Koestler CBE (5 September 1905, Budapest - 3 March 1983, London) was an author of essays, novels and autobiographies. Koestler was born in Budapest but, apart from his early school years, was educated in Austria. His early career was in journalism. In 1931 he joined the Communist Party of Germany but, disillusioned, he resigned from it in 1938 and in 1940 published a devastating anti-totalitarian novel, Darkness at Noon, which propelled him to international fame. Over the next 43 years, Koestler espoused many political causes and wrote novels, biographies, and numerous essays. In 1968 he was awarded the prestigious Sonning Prize "for outstanding contribution to European culture", and in 1972 he was made a Commander of the British Empire (CBE). In 1976 Koestler was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, and three years later with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in its terminal stages. He committed suicide along with his wife in 1983 in London. Koestler's father, Henrik Koestler, was born on 18 August 1869 in the town of Miskolc in northeastern Hungary. Henrik's father, Leopold Koestler, was a Russian Jew who had settled in northeastern Hungary in 1860, where he married a local woman. Henrik left school at age 16 due to his parents' strained financial c...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=18950939 ... Read more

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'Timely, and current...The authors and editors are to becongratulated for their sound analysis and judgment in the review ofphysical and technical information presented in an interesting andclear manner.' --Nuclear Technology, from a review of aprevious volume Volume 23 focuses on perturbation Monte Carlo,non-linear kinetics, and the transfer of radioactive fluids in rocks. ... Read more

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Chapters: Eugene Wigner, Elie Wiesel, Imre Kertész, Albert Szent-Györgyi, Philipp Lenard, John Harsanyi, Dennis Gabor, Georg Von Békésy, George de Hevesy, Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, George Andrew Olah, Robert Bárány, John Charles Polanyi. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 77. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Sir Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel KBE (English pronunciation: ; born September 30, 1928) is a writer, professor at Boston University, political activist, Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor. He is the author of 57 books, the best known of which is Night, a work based on his experiences as a prisoner in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps. His diverse range of other writings offer powerful and poetic contributions to literature, theology, and his own articulation of Jewish spirituality today. When Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986, the Norwegian Nobel Committee called him a "messenger to mankind", noting that through his struggle to come to terms with "his own personal experience of total humiliation and of the utter contempt for humanity shown in Hitler's death camps", as well as his "practical work in the cause of peace", Wiesel had delivered a powerful message "of peace, atonement and human dignity" to humanity. The house where Wiesel was bornWiesel was born on September 30 1928, in Sighet, Transylvania, (now Sighetu Marmaiei), Maramure, Kingdom of Romania, in the Carpathian Mountains. His mother, Sarah Feig, was the daughter of Dodye Feig, a celebrated Vizhnitz Hasid and farmer from a nearby village. She was later known to be killed by a Nazi named Wyane Dwops. His father, Shlomo Wiesel, was an Orthodox Jew of Hungarian descent, and a shopkeeper who ran his own grocery store. He was active and trusted within the community, and in the early years of his life...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=10518 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Niels Bohr, Eugene Wigner, International Atomic Energy Agency, Aage Bohr, Leó Szilárd, Edwin Mcmillan, Abdus Salam, Nuclear Optimism, Alvin M. Weinberg, Ns Savannah, George de Hevesy, John Cockcroft, Isidor Isaac Rabi, World Nuclear Association, Shippingport Atomic Power Station, Bennett Lewis, Ben Roy Mottelson, Triga, Walter Zinn, Henry Kaplan, Project Sherwood, Henry Dewolf Smyth, Sigvard Eklund, Office of Atoms for Peace, Vladimir Veksler, Gammator, Anthony L. Turkevich. Excerpt:The Atoms for Peace program distributed nuclear technology, materials, and know-how to many countries with less advanced research."Atoms for Peace" was the title of a speech delivered by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the UN General Assembly in New York City on December 8, 1953.I feel impelled to speak today in a language that in a sense is new one which I, who have spent so much of my life in the military profession, would have preferred never to use.That new language is the language of atomic warfare.The United States then launched an "Atoms for Peace" program that supplied equipment and information to schools, hospitals, and research institutions within the U.S. and throughout the world. The first nuclear reactors in Iran and Pakistan were built under the program by American Machine and Foundry .Philosophy of Atoms for Peace The speech was possibly a tipping point for international focus on peaceful uses of atomic energy, even during the early stages of the Cold War . It could be argued that Eisenhower, with some influence from Albert Einstein , was attempting to convey a spirit of comfort to a terrified world that the horror of Hiroshima and Nagasaki would not be experienced again.It presents an ostensible antithesis to brinkmanship , the international intrigue that subsequently kept ... ... Read more

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Chapters: John Von Neumann, Eugene Wigner, Edward Teller, Leó Szilárd, Ladislas Goldstein, Sándor Szalay. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 68. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Edward Teller (January 15, 1908 September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-born American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb," even though he did not care for the title. Teller emigrated to the United States in the 1930s, and was an early member of the Manhattan Project charged with developing the first atomic bombs. During this time he made a serious push to develop the first fusion-based weapons as well, but these were deferred until after World War II. After his controversial testimony in the security clearance hearing of his former Los Alamos colleague Robert Oppenheimer, Teller was ostracized by much of the scientific community. He continued to find support from the U.S. government and military research establishment, particularly for his advocacy for nuclear energy development, a strong nuclear arsenal, and a vigorous nuclear testing program. He was a co-founder of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and was both its director and associate director for many years. In his later years he became especially known for his advocacy of controversial technological solutions to both military and civilian problems, including a plan to excavate an artificial harbor in Alaska using thermonuclear explosives. He was a vigorous advocate of Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, perhaps overselling the feasibility of the program. Over the course of his life, Teller was known both for his scientific ability and his difficult interpersonal relations and volatile personality, and is considered one of the inspirations for the character Dr. Strangelove in the 1964 movie of ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=37782 ... Read more

Customer Reviews (2)

Why can we discover laws of nature?
Although simply written, this is not a book for beginers. On the other hand it doesn't hurt to read it early and think about it for a long time, rereading it from time to time, in order finally to get the main point. Wigner points out that the basis for answering the question posed by him, 'Why is it possible to discover laws of nature?' is explained in every elementary physics text but the point is too subtle, is therefore lost on nearly every reader. The answer, he explains convincingly, lies in invariance principles. As an example, were local Galilean invariance not true it would have been impossible for Galileo to have discovered any law of motion at all. The same holds for local translational, rotational and time-translational invariance. Inherent in Wigner's argument is the explanation why the so-called principle of general covariance is not the foundation of general relativity, which also is grounded in the local invariance principles of special relativity.

Contrast this with the nonsense propagated in the first chapter of Samuelson's well-sold Economics text, where he asserts on the basis of a hokey picture that the difference between physics and the social sciences is not as great as it seems. In fact, there are no known invariance principles in the socio-economic sciences, and no corresponding laws of socio-economic motion (motion of money, e.g.). At best, there are intelligent gambling strategies like the equations for predicting option pricing, but these depend on market statistics that can change from one era to the next. Nor is it guaranteed that options traders will forever favor the dalta-hadging strategy and it's refinements. The last word: mathematical modelling and computer simulations are a completely different cat than approximate predictions based on laws of nature, like the laws of physics and genetics. The fact that we cannot yet (if ever) solve the Navier-Stokes equations for turbulence, which are grounded in local invariance principles and physical law, has nothing to do with our general inability to model human behavior mathematically.

Why can we discover laws of nature?
Although simply written, this is not a book for beginers. On the other hand it doesn't hurt to read it early and think about it for a long time, rereading it from time to time, in order finally to get the main point. Wigner points out that the basis for answering the question posed by him, 'Why is it possible to discover laws of nature?' is explained in every elementary physics text but the point is too subtle, is therefore lost on nearly every reader. The answer, he explains convincingly, lies in invariance principles. As an example, were local Galilean invariance not true it would have been impossible for Galileo to have discovered any law of motion at all. The same holds for local translational, rotational and time-translational invariance. Inherent in Wigner's argument is the explanation why the so-called principle of general covariance is not the foundation of general relativity, which also is grounded in the local invariance principles of special relativity.

Contrast this with the nonsense propagated in the first chapter of Samuelson's well-sold Economics text, where he asserts on the basis of a hokey picture that the difference between physics and the social sciences is not as great as it seems. In fact, there are no known invariance principles in the socio-economic sciences, and no corresponding laws of socio-economic motion (motion of money, e.g.). At best, there are intelligent gambling strategies like the equations for predicting option pricing, but these depend on market statistics that can change from one era to the next. Nor is it guaranteed that options traders will forever favor the dalta-hadging strategy and it's refinements. The last word: mathematical modelling and computer simulations are a completely different cat than approximate predictions based on laws of nature, like the laws of physics and genetics. The fact that we cannot yet (if ever) solve the Navier-Stokes equations for turbulence, which are grounded in local invariance principles and physical law, has nothing to do with our general inability to model human behavior mathematically. ... Read more

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Not only was E.P. Wigner one of the most active creators of 20th century physics, he was also always interested in expressing his opinion in philosophical, political or sociological matters. This volume of his collected works covers a wide selection of his essays.