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Customer Reviews (13)

Shockley is not broken - this is a deception.
William Shockley is the greatest genius ever lived. It is wrong to title the book "Broken Genius". Shockley is not broken in any way.

Is it fair?
Who has been the most influential person in history?.... Typical answers to this question are Einstein, Newton, Guttenberg, Gates, Jobs....etc...etc...etc.... However, you will never hear Schockley even though we enjoy lots of things we take for granted like this internet tool and computers just to name a few. If you ever wonder why technology has been moving so rapidly over such a few years span, one of the answers is the transistor...Well, transistor = Schockley... you do the math. Unfortunately he fell from graces on many people's eyes but I won't tell you why. I'll let you be the judge of that.... read the book, it's good.

A good chronicle of William Shockley's life.
Joel Shurkin, a science writer and author, has written this informative but hardly authoritative biography of William Shockley, a Nobel laureate and scientist whose accomplishments include:

- helping the US Navy to win the Second World War with his spectacular work in Operational Research,
- his pioneering work on nuclear fission that was suppressed because it was an embarrassment to the government labs he beat to the punch,
- his invention of a transistor,
- his close proximity to the invention of the first transistor, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize,
- his being an accomplished professor at Stanford
- and his unhappy championing of a link between race and intelligence, which brought him into the close proximity of eugenic thinking, and made many deeply dislike him, such that his public appearances were often accompanied by demonstrations.

I enjoyed this book as a chronicle of Shockley's life, but found it to be disappointing in that I felt that it failed to explain why Shockley did what he did, most particularly, why did Shockley insist on publicly discussing his eugenic views?Was it because he lived for the notoriety?Was it because due to a form of egomania?Can it be attributed to political views?Shurkin does not really tell us.

By all accounts, Shockley was a very difficult, perhaps insufferable, person, who, by the time he breathed his last, had few friends. To my mind it's clear that he suffered from what psychologists would describe as a personality disorder, and maybe even something similar to Asperger's.Shurkin explains these facts in a single paragraph; yet perhaps more than any other fact, they explain the trajectory of his life, the purported focus of this book.Why is more space not given to explaining what these means, and what it entailed for Shockley, and, even, to what extent his seemingly irrational choices were not even voluntary acts on his part?

While this book offers a great deal of information about Shockley's life, in my opinion it is regrettably, perhaps woefully, short on analyses and appraisals of the information it has to offer.

Essential Biography in the History of Silicon Valley
The winners write the history, and the history of Silicon Valley is no exception.Until this book William Shockley, if he was known at all, was thought of as the eccentric Nobel Prize winner who became an intellectual outcast because of his eugenics beliefs and as the bad manager whose employees quit and founded Fairchild and Intel.

For those who know a bit more about the history of Silicon Valley technology, William Shockley is known as the founder of the Valley's first semiconductor company.Shockley recruited and assembled the seminal team that was the progenitor of every other semiconductor company in Silicon Valley. His instincts for talent-spotting were phenomenal, but they were matched by a massive lack of judgment about how to build products customers would buy and a complete lack of the insights necessary to motivate and manage an entrepreneurial company.

Joel Shurkin does a good job in telling the story of not just Schokley Semiconductor, but the interesting life surrounding it all- the rise and fall - of William Schockley.A great read.

difficult to put down once you pick this up....
Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age

Compliment to the writer who made the life of William Shockley so much more interesting than it really was.Shockley's inventions in technology is profound however, Shockley's life is really not that interesting.In essence, Shockley was a smart man, went to top schools, recruited by top people and top corporations, invented a lot to help our country (during the wars) and invented a lot to help the world (especially in his transistor and silicon invention), married twice, made some babies, toward the later part of his life, he got into study of genes and racial profiling in IQ and then he died at 80. If you are curios about what Shockley's inventions were, you would be fascinated by this documentation and litany of items listed. If you want to know the history of IQ controversy or whether blacks' IQ are truly inferior to whites, you will see lurid details on this. However, if you are like me, reading this book looking for fascinating human stories (ala Huge Hefner of the Playboy enterprise or Rupert Murdoch of the News Corps or even Mao Tze Tung of Communist China), you may be disappointed. In reality, Shockley lived a typical American suburbia life (the most exciting part of his life may be going to Norway to obtain his Nobel).You don't see him hanging out at the Playboy mansion at 70s with the hottest super models like Huge Hefner or flying to China to close a major media deal like Rupert Murdoch.Shockley's life was boring. May be he had bad relations with his kids (but then who does not?) and he was also not good at being nice in dealing with people but most engineers are like that, nothing new here.So, full credit to the writer who successfully made William Shockley's life so much more interesting than it really was - by applying an approach of story telling to add context and flavor - for example, in the story of his first company and the departure of the 11 original scientists Shockley hired, the writer discussed how Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore left and started their own company. This made the whole story more interesting.Now we know Gordon Moore was rated by Shockley's IQ tests as "not a good manager".Making dull topic interesting, one win for the author.

Five Stars to the author for making a dull topic interesting.
Three Stars to the content (the life of William Shockley - boring stuff).A reminder that we should go out and truly have fun in life.Go to a night club, fool around with some girls, go to a foreign country and do some bumgy jumping.Don't live life like Shockley. ... Read more

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Genius and heroic champion of humanity
William Shockley basically started silicon valley. He was a monumental genius in many ways. More importantly, he worked tirelessly for the future of genius and the future of all children on Earth who might benefit from the inventions and blessings of genius. These are precarious things which can evaporate overnight if we are not careful. No charity, nothing you can possibly do, can have more lasting and beneficial impact on society than what Shockley was trying to enlighten the world about. Some people just are not corruptible. They love truth and will stick to it. The habitat of truth is minds like Shockleys... I don't want to live in a world without them. Neither do you. See "The Textbook of the Universe: The Genetic Ascent to God" to see the absolute necessity of these ideas, and how the very revolution which Shockleys transistor started may simply be part of a larger gearing-up of humanity towards taking control of our own genetics -- which makes Shockleys 2 main contributions to humanity go together perfectly! These writings should be required reading in high school and college. EVERYONE who cares about the future should read this book.

About William Bradford Shockley
Throughout the last three decades of his life, Nobel-Prize winning physicist William Shockley (1910 - 1989) was a highly controversial figure. Not because of his pioneer works in electronics, which were one of the foundations for the rise of the Silicon Valley companies and their technological progress and commercial success, but because of his views about the danger of declining cognitive capabilities in the United States. Convinced of the mainly hereditary origin of intelligence differences, Shockley saw a clear dysgenic trend in Western societies and publicly talked and wrote about the causes and possible remedies of this development. The most important of his articles about these topics can be found in "Shockley on Eugenics and Race". These essays demonstrate that Shockley wasn't motivated by racial oder elitist prejudices, but by certain facts and serious concern about the future of Western civilization. Shockley's articles with such provoking titles as "Society has a Moral Obligation to Diagnose Tragic Racial IQ Deficits" or " Has Intellectual Humanitarianism Gone Berserk?" are no scientific papers about cognitive psychology, behavioral genetics or the social implications of eugenics, but nevertheless interesting statements of a highly intelligent outsider in these fields, in a debate which isn't finished. The most interesting parts of the book are a lengthy "Preface" of the eminent psychologist Arthur R. Jensen, who thinks of W. B. Shockley as "a truly genius" (which doesn't mean that Jensen's "Preface" is an uncritical eulogy), the very informative "Introduction" of the editor Roger Pearson with many biographical details about Shockley and the political-ideological background of his activities, and finally, last but not least, the "Playboy"-Interview with Professor Shockley in August 1980. In that interview Shockley tells the reader for example - among other details of his biography (one of the most controversial themes: Shockley's famous participation in an elite sperm bank), his political and ideological opinions - that he himself was not tested as an extreme bright kid in the seminal longitudinal study of Stanford psychologist Lewis M. Terman -the young Shockley did not belong to the Top One Percent of Californian school-children. This really strange result should be one of many reasons to remain cautious in matters of IQ and society, more cautious than the courageous electronic engineer and physicist Shockley was.

A remarkable volume of rare insight
Winner of the 1956 Nobel Prize as co-inventor of the transistor, Professor William Shockley of Stanford University was also a scientific researcher in the fields of intelligence and genetics.
Contents include a lengthy preface by renowned Berkeley psychologist Professor Arthur Jensen as well as an introduction by Roger Pearson; an account of Shockley's life history; and a series of Shockley's own papers including his suggestion that the U.S. might consider offering a cash bonus to any younger persons of low IQ who voluntarily agreed to sterilization. This "thinking exercise" suggested that volunteers might be offered a pecuniary award directly related to the extent to which their IQ fell below 100. This and twenty-two of Shockley's original articles on heredity, eugenics, and dysgenic trends in the U.S. -- no longer available elsewhere -- are reprinted in this remarkable volume. ... Read more

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This volume is devoted to the disorders and diseases that afflict the neck and also provides the surgical techniques used to manage them. The book begins with the anatomy critical to the successful management of neck disorders. The general considerations section then offers an extensive chapter on neck imaging written by an accomplished radiologist and covering the various diagnostic modalities available for the neck with a focus on CT and MRI. The book continues with parts on non-neoplastic diseases and non-squamous neoplasms. The non-neoplastic section encompasses congenital neck masses, infections and trauma. Non-squamous neoplasms cover tumours of different anatomic sites like the thyroid, parathyroid, parotid, and submandibular gland. The next part covers squamous cancer. The chapters discuss dissection alternatives, treatments, radiation options and complications. The last part covers frequently seen procedures like parotidectomy, thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, modified and radical neck dissection, and repair of fractures. ... Read more

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An excellent and informative text
This was an awesome review of the diagnsotic approaches and surgical interventions related to the neck.It has been an important part of my otolaryngology residency education ... Read more

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Is this offer legit?
This is a classic and pioneering book in its field, and despite the notoriety that its subsequently Nobel-laureate author may have gained later in life, a masterly exposition of the basic ideas of semiconductor physics by one of the pioneers in the field, well worth scanning today.It presents among other things the "tilted parking garage" model to explain how holes in the valence band behave exactly like electrons in the conduction band -- except for an apparently positive charge for the holes.But is this a legitimate offer for this book?I believe that the same book can be obtained without much difficulty from other used book dealers for $100 or under -- which isprobably a fair indication of the book's value. ... Read more

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William Shockley - The Father of Silicon Valley is the biography of William Shockley, who co-invented the transistor, and was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics. Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s led to California's "Silicon Valley" becoming a hotbed of electronics innovation. In his later life, Shockley was a professor at Stanford, and he also became a staunch advocate of eugenics. Shockley was a popular speaker/lecturer, and an amateur magician. Late in his life, Shockley became intensely interested in questions of race, intelligence and eugenics. William Shockley - The Father of Silicon Valley is highly recommended for those interested in reading more about this inventor of the transistor. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Science and Its Times, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 1566 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The histories of science, technology, and mathematics merge with the study of humanities and social science in this interdisciplinary reference work. Essays on people, theories, discoveries, and concepts are combined with overviews, bibliographies of primary documents, and chronological elements to offer students a fascinating way to understand the impact of science on the course of human history and how science affects everyday life. Entries represent people and developments throughout the world, from about 2000 B.C. through the end of the twentieth century. ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Dallas Braden, William Shockley, John Warnock Hinckley Jr., Michael Crabtree, Jeff Karstens, Herbert Southworth, Plenette Pierson. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Dallas Braden, né le 13 août 1983 à Phoenix (Arizona), est un joueur américain de baseball évoluant en Ligue majeure de baseball avec les Oakland Athletics. Après la saison 2009, ce lanceur partant compte 14 victoires, 21 défaites et une moyenne de points mérités de 4,68. Le 9 mai 2010, il lance un match parfait contre les Rays de Tampa Bay, la 19 partie parfaite de l'histoire du baseball majeur. Après des études secondaires à la Stagg High School de Stockton (Californie), Dallas Braden est drafté le 5 juin 2001 par les Braves d'Atlanta. Il repousse l'offre et suit des études supérieures à l'Université de Texas Tech où il porte les couleurs des Texas Tech Red Raiders. Braden rejoint les rangs professionnels après la draft du 7 juin 2004 au cours de laquelle il est sélectionné par les Athletics d'Oakland. Il passe trois saisons en Ligues mineures avant d'effectuer ses débuts en Ligue majeure le 24 avril 2007. Dallas Braden lance un match parfait le 9 mai 2010 à l'occasion de la victoire 4-0 des Oakland Athletics sur les Rays de Tampa Bay au McAfee Coliseum. C'est le 19 match parfait de l'histoire des Ligues majeures. Braden boucle la rencontre en 109 lancers dont 77 prises. En saison régulière Note: G = Matches joués ; GS = Matches comme lanceur partant ; CG = Matches complets ; SHO = Blanchissages ;V = Victoires ; D = Défaites ; SV = Sauvetages ; IP = Manches lancées ; SO = retraits sur des prises ; ERA = Moyenne de points mérités. ...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from The Humanist, published by Thomson Gale on September 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1579 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Wired.(Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age)(Book review)
Author: Howard Schneider
Publication: The Humanist (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 66Issue: 5Page: 39(2)

Article Type: Book review

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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Chapters: John Bardeen, William Shockley, Walter Houser Brattain, Zhores Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Walter H. Schottky, Nick Holonyak, Cyril Hilsum, Claire F. Gmachl, Alan Nunn May, John D. Wiley, Daniel C. Tsui, Milton Feng, Leo Esaki, I. M. Dharmadasa, Klaus Von Klitzing, Raphael Tsu, Leigh Canham, C. Thomas Elliott, R. A. Stradling, Esther M. Conwell, Charles Kittel, Rudolf M. Tromp, John Battiscombe Gunn, Karen Kavanagh. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 112. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer, the first person to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory. The transistor revolutionized the electronics industry, allowing the Information Age to occur, and made possible the development of almost every modern electronical device, from telephones to computers to missiles. Bardeen's developments in superconductivity, which won him his second Nobel, are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 1990, John Bardeen appeared on LIFE Magazine's list of "100 Most Influential Americans of the Century." John Bardeen was born in Madison, Wisconsin on May 23, 1908. He was the second son of Dr. Charles Russell Bardeen and Althea Harmer Bardeen. He was one of five children. His father, Charles Bardeen, was Professor of Anatomy and the first Dean of the Medical School of the University of WisconsinMadison. Althea Bardeen, before marrying, had taught at the Dewey Laboratory School and run an interior decorating business; after marriage she was an active figure in the...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=15737 ... Read more

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Chapters: William Shockley. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 95. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: William Bradford Shockley (February 13, 1910 August 12, 1989) was an American physicist and inventor. Along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain, Shockley co-invented the transistor, for which all three were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics. Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s led to California's "Silicon Valley" becoming a hotbed of electronics innovation. In his later life, Shockley was a professor at Stanford, and he also became a staunch advocate of eugenics. Shockley was born in London, England to American parents, and raised in his family's hometown of Palo Alto, California. His father, William senior, was a mining engineer who speculated in mines for a living, and spoke eight languages. His mother, May, grew up in the American West, graduated from Stanford University, and became the first female US Deputy mining surveyor. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from the California Institute of Technology in 1932. While still a student, Shockley married Iowan Jean Bailey in August 1933. In March 1934 Jean had a baby girl, Alison. Shockley was awarded his PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1936. The title of his doctoral thesis was Electronic Bands in Sodium Chloride, and was suggested by his thesis advisor, John C. Slater. After receiving his doctorate, he joined a research group headed by Clinton Davisson at Bell Labs in New Jersey. The next few years were productive ones for Shockley. He published a number of fundamental papers on solid state physics in Physical Review. In 1938, he got his first patent, "Electron Discharge Device" on electron multipliers. When World War II broke out, Shockley be...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=33132 ... Read more

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This digital document, covering the life and work of William (Bradford) Shockley, is an entry from Contemporary Authors, a reference volume published by Thompson Gale. The length of the entry is 2615 words. The page length listed above is based on a typical 300-word page. Although the exact content of each entry from this volume can vary, typical entries include the following information:

• Place and date of birth and death (if deceased)
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• Professional associations and honors
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• A description of the author's work
• References to further readings about the author

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Chapters: Claude Shannon, John Bardeen, Dennis Ritchie, Bjarne Stroustrup, Brian Kernighan, William Shockley, Robert Tarjan, Walter Houser Brattain, Harry Kroto, Persi Diaconis, Alfred Aho, Harry Nyquist, Harold Stephen Black, Hendrik Wade Bode, Otto Julius Zobel, Steven Chu, Charles Hard Townes, Jan Hendrik Schön, William Alden Edson, George Ashley Campbell, Walter A. Shewhart, Karl Guthe Jansky, Billy Klüver, John R. Pierce, Ken Thompson, Philip Warren Anderson, Henry Landau, Václav E. Beneš, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Narendra Karmarkar, Charles H. Henry, Willard Boyle, Claire F. Gmachl, Gerard Joseph Foschini, Arno Allan Penzias, Homer Dudley, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert G. Gallager, Clinton Davisson, George Stibitz, Max Mathews, Jeffrey Ullman, Rob Pike, Eric Fawcett, Federico Capasso, Béla Julesz, Ronald Graham, David Messerschmitt, Yann Lecun, Daniel C. Tsui, Brian Reid, Ralph Hartley, Robert Morris, Harald T. Friis, A. Michael Noll, Edwin H. Colpitts, George E. Smith, Robert Woodrow Wilson, Alfred Y. Cho, Amos E. Joel, Jr., Tom Duff, John Larry Kelly, Jr., Gilbert Vernam, Carsten Lund, A. Ray Olpin, Ken Knowlton, Richard H. Frenkiel, Horst Ludwig Störmer, Leon Harmon, John B. Johnson, Robert B. Laughlin, Krishan Sabnani, Jeong H. Kim, Erich Sackmann, Douglas Mcilroy, Neil Sloane, Manfred R. Schroeder, Bernard M. Oliver, Fred Waldhauer, Fumitada Itakura, Sergei Alexander Schelkunoff, John O. Limb, Joseph Kruskal, Andrew Odlyzko, Paul Charles Michaelis, Joel S. Engel, Sidney Darlington, Chandra Kintala, C. Chapin Cutler, David Korn, Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj, Rudolf Kompfner, Steven M. Bellovin, Neville Robinson, Frank Gray, Ralph Bown, Moe Z. Win, Peter J. Weinberger, David Slepian, Willard L. Miranker, Mike Lesk, Henry Evelyn Derek Scovil, John Riordan, R. M. Foster, Ping King Tien, Eric E. Sumner, R. Stanley Williams, Robert W. Rosenthal, Ronald W. Schafer, Raymond W. Ketchledge, Bishnu S. Atal, Henry O. Pollak,...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=3995236 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Macmillan Reference USA Science Library: Computer Sciences, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 891 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Reviews the history of the discipline and its concepts, and profiles contributors in the field. The impact of computers on society is explored, with examples in literature and film to illustrate and support trends. ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: William Shockley, Sperm Donation, Sperm Donor Limitation by Country, Baby M, Cecil Jacobson, Donor Registration, Donor Sibling Registry, Kirk Maxey, Andy Bathie. Excerpt:Andy Bathie is a sperm donor who was sued for child support in the United Kingdom . He is from Enfield in the United Kingdom and worked as a fireman . He became a private sperm donor to a lesbian couple. He was later pursued by the Child Support Agency for maintenance payments, and ordered to pay. His case is significant because it was a test case for private sperm donors , and was widely reported in the media. References (URLs online) A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at Baby M (born March 27, 1986) was the pseudonym used for Melissa Stern , the child in an American custody case between the birth mother and the child's sperm-donor father. Background Mary Beth Whitehead, the genetic mother, was artificially inseminated with William Stern's sperm, making her the surrogate mother of his child. Whitehead responded to an ad in the Asbury Park Press seeking women willing to help infertile couples have children. Despite what was stated in the surrogacy contract, Stern's wife, Elizabeth, was not infertile but had multiple sclerosis and was concerned about the potential health implications of pregnancy . A medical colleague had warned her that his own wife, who also had multiple sclerosis, had suffered temporary paralysis during pregnancy. On March 27, 1986, Whitehead gave birth to a daughter, whom she named "Sara Elizabeth Whitehead". Within 24 hours of transferring custody to the Sterns, Whitehead returned to ask for the baby back and threatened suicide . Whitehead then refused to return the baby to the Sterns and left New Jersey, taking the infant with her. In 1987, New Jersey Superior Court judge Harvey R. ... ... Read more

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Chapters: Alexander Graham Bell, Robert Andrews Millikan, William Shockley, Margaret Sanger, Robert Yerkes, Madison Grant, Hermann Joseph Muller, Irving Fisher, Henry H. Goddard, Lewis Terman, Lothrop Stoddard, Nathaniel Weyl, Wickliffe Draper, Charles Goethe, Robert Latou Dickinson, David Starr Jordan, E. S. Gosney, Harry Hamilton Laughlin, Henry Fairfield Osborn, Charles Davenport, Paul Popenoe, Frederick Osborn, William Gordon Lennox, Harry Chandler, Alan Frank Guttmacher, Edward Alsworth Ross, Henry Farnham Perkins, William Ernest Castle, John Campbell Merriam, Robert Klark Graham, William Herbert Sheldon, Seymour Itzkoff, John Glad, Joseph Fletcher, Harry J. Haiselden, Allan W. Thurman, James L. Hart, Moses Harman, William Lawrence Tower, Aaron Rosanoff, Harry L. Shapiro, Samuel Jackson Holmes. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 235. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 August 2, 1922) was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876. In retrospect, Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. In 1888, Alexander Graham Bell became one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society. Alexa...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=852 ... Read more