21. History - Manhattan Engineer District - Beginning I was probably the angriest officer in the United States Army. Leslie Groves. C.Marshall, with the Syracuse, New York Army Corps of Engineers, was picked http://www.childrenofthemanhattanproject.org/HISTORY/H-05.htm

Children of the Manhattan Project Manhattan Project History The Manhattan Engineer District The Beginning "On the day I learned that I was to direct the project which ultimately produced the atomic bomb, I was probably the angriest officer in the United States Army." - Leslie Groves The summer of 1942 proved to be troublesome for the fledgling bomb project. Col. James C. Marshall, with the Syracuse, New York Army Corps of Engineers, was picked to direct the new Laboratory for the Development of Substitute Metals (DSM). Marshall immediately moved from Syracuse to New York City where he set up the Manhattan Engineer District, established by general order on August 13th. Marshall, like most other Army officers, knew nothing about nuclear physics. Furthermore, Marshall and his Army superiors were disposed to move cautiously. In one case, for instance, Marshall delayed purchase of an excellent production site in Tennessee pending further study, while the scientists who had been involved in the project from the start were pressing for immediate purchase. While Bush had carefully managed the transition to Army control, there was not yet a mechanism to arbitrate disagreement between the S-1 Executive Committee and the military. The resulting lack of coordination complicated attempts to gain a higher priority for scarce materials and boded ill for the future of the entire bomb project.

22. LitSearch: An Online Literary Database Authors whose last names begin with 'United States' United States UnitedStates. Army. Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District United States. http://daily.stanford.edu/litsearch/servlet/DescribeAuthor?name=United States

23. LitSearch: An Online Literary Database population and housing US Department of Energy US National Atomic Museum United StatesUnited States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District United States http://daily.stanford.edu/litsearch/servlet/DescribeAuthor?name=U

24. FUSRAP Fact Sheet The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), St. a result of federal defenseactivities performed under contracts with the Manhattan Engineer District http://www.mvs.usace.army.mil/engr/fusrap/whatis.htm

WHAT IS FUSRAP? The Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) is an environmental remediation program. It addresses radiological contamination generated by activities of the Manhattan Engineer District and the Atomic Energy Commission (MED/AEC) during development of the atomic weapons in the 1940s and 50s. Background From 1942 to 1957, the Mallinckrodt Chemical Plant extracted uranium and radium from ore at the St. Louis Downtown Site (SLDS) in St. Louis, Missouri. During this time and until 1967, radioactive process byproducts were stored at an area adjacent to the Lambert-St. Louis Airport, which is now referred to as the St. Louis Airport Site (SLAPS) In 1966, certain SLAPS wastes were purchased, moved, and stored at Latty Avenue. Part of this property later became known as the Hazelwood Interim Storage Site (HISS) . During this move, improper handling, and transportation of the contamination caused the spread of materials along haul routes and to adjacent vicinity properties forming the St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties (SLAPS VPs)

25. NAP FUSRAP to be of interest through historical MED (Manhattan Engineer District FUSRAP was transferredto the USACE (United States Army Corps of Engineers) in 1997 and http://www.nap.usace.army.mil/fusrap/

//old window.onerror=null What is FUSRAP? (PDF) Project Fact Sheet (PDF) Restoration Advisory Board Project Photos Administrative Record (PDF) FUSRAP Links Contacts Aerial Photos What's New? (PDF ) What is FUSRAP? The Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) was initiated by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in 1974 to identify and clean up contaminated sites used in the early years of the nation's atomic energy program. In 1948 and 1949, the AEC conducted initial radiological surveys, decontamination of building surfaces and cleanup activities at the site using the criteria of that time. The site is currently being investigated based on new regulations and cleanup criteria. Project Fact Sheet Restoration Advisory Board The Restoration Advisory Board (RAB) is a diverse array of stakeholders, including representatives from the Corps, EPA, the NJDEP, DuPont, local government, and citizens who reflect the interests of the local community. Updates from the RAB meetings will be available on this site. Various press releases and newsletters have been written about this project. These articles or their corresponding links will always be available on this site.

26. University Of Iowa Libraries. Government Publications Department. Microfilm Hold 25718. United States. Army Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District. 25718.United States. Army Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District. http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/govpubs/microfilm.html

Government Publications Department Microfilm Holdings The tables below provide access to microfilm holdings in the Government Publications Department (GPD). The first table is arranged by issuing author (agency), the second by film number. Where the film number is listed as zero, the item is an unnumbered microfilm set shelved separately from the numbered sets. Not all titles appeared in InfoHawk at the time this list was compiled (January 2002), eventually they should appear in InfoHawk. Titles and associated dates may be inexact. Please ask GPD staff for assistance in locating these titles. A few of these titles are described more fully on the Buried Treasure list. In addition to this microfilm list, there is a list of cataloged microfiche held in the GPD. FILM NUMBER AUTHOR/ISSUING AGENCY TITLE Canada. Dominion Bureau of Statistics Canadian statistical review, 1975 Canada. Parliament Parliamentary debates: 1846-64, 1866-70, 1873-74 Combined Chiefs of Staff (United States and Great Britain) Wartime conferences of the Combined Chiefs of Staff Germany. Statistisches Reichsamt

27. The Graphite Reactor At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the oldest nuclear reactor in the world, designated a historic landmark Category Regional North America Society and Culture History...... Afraid of losing this crucial race, the United States launched the top to Oak Ridgefrom the US Army Corps of Engineers' Manhattan District in February 1943 http://www.ornl.gov/graphite/graphite.html

The Graphite Reactor site has moved The Graphite Reactor site has moved

28. Atomic Bomb - [Pacific07] SUBJECT Manhattan Project (US) History. United States. Army. Corps of Engineers.Manhattan District History. Atomic bomb United States History. http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/Pacific07.html

The Atomic Bomb "The search for a revolutionary weapon was one of the most immediate and persistent outcomes of the industrialisation of war in the mid-nineteenth century, and both a logical and an inevitable extension of the revolution in war which preceded it." (Keegan p. 578) gunpowder, machine-gun, torpedo, submarine, tank B-17 Flying Fortress, radar, jet fighter, V-1, V-2 Office of Scientific Research and Development Einstein and Szilard in Germany, from Einstein pictures Origins - 1933-39 Sept. 12, 1933 - Leo Szilard's inspiration on a London street corner "As the light changed to green and I crossed the street, it... suddenly occurred to me that if we could find an element which is split by neutrons and which would emit two neutrons when it absorbs one neutron, such an element, if assembled in sufficiently large mass, could sustain a nuclear chain reaction." (Rhodes p. 28) 1933 emigres join 1918 Hungarian emigres who fled the White Terror of Nicholas Horthy: von Karman, de Hevesy, Polanyi, Szilard, Wigner, von Neuman, Teller, Einstein to Princeton in October Dec. 1938 - Hahn and Strassmann fission experiment

29. The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) World War II ended, Congress established the United States Atomic Energy atomicenergy complex from the US Army Corps of Engineers' Manhattan District. http://www.ch.doe.gov/insidech/history/aec.html

The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Almost a year after World War II ended, Congress established the United States Atomic Energy Commission to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S. Truman signed the Atomic Energy Act on August 1, 1946, transferring the control of atomic energy from military to civilian hands. This action reflected America's postwar optimism, with Congress declaring that atomic energy should be employed not only in the Nation's defense, but also to promote world peace, improve the public welfare and strengthen free competition in private enterprise. The signing was the culmination of long months of intensive debate among politicians, military planners and atomic scientists over the fate of this new energy source. Congress gave the new civilian Commission extraordinary power and independence to carry out its awesome mission. To provide the Commission exceptional freedom in hiring scientists and professionals, Commission employees were exempt from the Civil Service system. Because of the need for great security, all production facilities and nuclear reactors would be government-owned, while all technical information and research results would be under Commission control. The National Laboratory system was established from the facilities created under the Manhattan Project, and Argonne National Laboratory was one of the first laboratories authorized under this legislation as a contractor-operated facility dedicated to fulfilling the new Commission's mission.

30. Lasting Legacy - USA on Pearl Harbor and the entry of the United States into WW II The project was establishedunder the US Army Corps of Engineers Manhattan Engineer District http://www.em.doe.gov/legacy3.1/usa/usagenr.htm

How the Nuclear Weapons Complex Grew Over the Last 50 Years The United States nuclear weapons program began with an August 1939 letter from Albert Einstein to President Franklin D. Roosevelt informing him of the recent research on chain reactions in uranium. Later in November 1939, the "Uranium Committee" recommended the military begin funding fission chain reaction research, already being conducted at several American Universities. By the time the Uranium Committee made its recommendation, Europe was at war. Scientists at the University of California at Berkeley discovered plutonium in 1941- two years after the Committee’s recommendation and the start of World War II. In January 1942, shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the entry of the United States into WW II, President Roosevelt approved the development of the atomic bomb under the Manhattan Project. The project was established under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Manhattan Engineer District (MED) in August 1942. MED oversaw all aspects of the wartime atomic bomb program. The existence of the Manhattan Project and the atomic bomb was not revealed to the public until August 6, 1945, after the destruction of Hiroshima. A year later, the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 established the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to oversee all aspects of development, technology regulation, and management of the nuclear weapons complex. During the mid-1950s the AEC established numerous civilian atomic energy programs. The AEC also expanded and centralized the weapons complex into a network of Government-owned, contractor-operated facilities.

31. Key Dates That Marked The Nuclear Age signs order creating the Manhattan District in the US Army Corps of Engineers. 1,1952 At Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, the United States tests a http://infomanage.com/nonproliferation/primer/nucdates.htm

Key dates that marked the nuclear age: Aug. 13, 1942 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs order creating the Manhattan District in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Dec. 2, 1942 - Scientists at the University of Chicago achieve the first man-made nuclear chain reaction. Dec. 7, 1942 - Secretary of War Henry Stimson notified the Los Alamos Ranch School that the government was taking over the property. Condemnation proceedings were begun for all property in the town and the papers were sealed. They weren't opened until 1961. March 1943 - Scientists began arriving at Los Alamos to begin work on the Manhattan Project. July 16, 1945 - The first atomic bomb was tested at the Trinity site on Alamagordo Air Force Base in New Mexico. Aug. 6, 1945 - An atomic bomb explodes over Hiroshima, Japan, killing 78,000 people. Aug. 9, 1945 - The second atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki, killing 25,000. Aug. 15, 1945 - Emperor Hirohito signals that Japan is prepared to meet allied demands for unconditional surrender. Sep. 23, 1949

32. Developers for the Manhattan Engineer District of the US Army Corps of Engineers, because muchof Sparked by refugee physicists in the United States, the program was http://www2.vo.lu/homepages/geko/atom/develop.htm

Development and Manufacture of First A-Bomb (The Manhattan Project) Research on atomic bombs was begun around the same time in several countries, including Germany, but in the United States, the actual building of an atomic bomb was already underway by 1942 under the code name "Manhattan Project." In 1939 Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany's developing an atomic bomb. He suggested that the United States prepare for its own atomic bomb research. Out of this effort came the Manhattan Project The project was carried out in extreme secrecy using a large amount of the national budget and outstanding scientists. In September 1944 it was determined that an A-bomb would be used against Japan. On July 16, 1945 in the desert near Alamogordo, New Mexico, the United States successfully conducted the world's first nuclear test, known as the Trinity-test Enrico Fermi's report on the test The Manhattan Project was the code name for the US effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. It was named for the Manhattan Engineer District of the US Army Corps of Engineers, because much of the early research was done in New York City. Sparked by refugee physicists in the United States, the program was slowly organized after nuclear fission was discovered by German scientists in 1938, and many US scientists expressed the fear that Hitler would attempt to build a fission bomb.

33. NY River Otter Project History Elementary School, Port Byron Elementary School, United States Army Army Corps ofEngineers Chase Manhattan Bank, US Army Corps of EngineersBuffalo District http://www.nyotter.org/pages/history.html

For more information on the NY River Otter Project, please send us an e-mail. Project History is a section of our site that answers many of questions about the Project's History. You can click on any of subjects below to find information quickly, or scroll through all of them. What is the New York River Otter Project, Inc? How many river otters is the Project trying to return? What prompted the Project to be undertaken at the present time? Who are the partners in the Project? ... How can I help? What is the New York River Otter Project, Inc? Photo by Chris Delle Fave The New York River Otter Project, Inc. (ROP or Project) is a coalition of industries, nature and educational institutions, conservation and sportsmen's organizations, and individuals working to return river otters to Central and Western New York State. The otters disappeared due to loss of habitat, water pollution, and unregulated hunting and trapping over 100 years ago. While otters are slowly migrating west from healthy populations in the Adirondacks and Catskills, the Project will accelerate this process by several decades. Back to top How many river otters is the Project trying to return?

34. NGA Center For Best Practices The United States began to develop technology capable of producing nuclear weaponsunder the US Army Corps of Engineers' Manhattan Engineer District (known as http://www.nga.org/center/divisions/1,1188,C_ISSUE_BRIEF^D_680,00.html

NGA Home Center Home Governors News Room ... Legislative Update Issues Brownfield Redevelopment Clean-up of the Nuclear Weapons Complex Energy Environmental Regulatory Innovations ... Water and Coastal Resources What's New State Wetland Programs States are implementing both regulatory and non-regulatory programs to protect wetlands, particularly isolated wetlands. To... Brownfields Redevelopment IB The NGA Center for Best Practices examines innovative state practices in brownfield redevelopment that encourage... Environmental Technology Verification A number of states and the federal government have established environmental technology verification programs to... Growing with Less Greenhouse Gases This report cites expanding transportation choices, conserving greenspaces, and promoting new community designs as effective... State Actions to Reduce Greenhouse Gases Examples of actions states are voluntarily taking to reduce greenhouse gases.... All Documents Environment, Natural Resources, and Energy Text Version America's Nuclear Weapons Complex Contact: Ann Beauchesne Homeland Security and Emergency Management Policy Studies An overview of the enormous cleanup challenge present at the nation's nuclear weapons complex, a vast network of facilities throughout 12 states devoted to the research, production, and testing of nuclear weapons.

35. Alphabetical List Of Documents S - Z United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District. HarrisonBundy FilesRelating to the Development of the Atomic Bomb, 1942-1946. United States. http://www.libraries.psu.edu/iasweb/microforms/alphsz.htm

36. US Army Corps Of Engineers The United States Military Academy was under the direction of the took over responsibilityfor all Army construction in The Corps created a special District to http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/usace.htm

37. Project Gutenberg Author Index US Department of Energy. US National Atomic Museum. United States. Army. Corpsof Engineers. Manhattan District. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/authors/author_index_U.html

Project Gutenberg Author Index "U" U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency U.S. Census of population and housing U.S. Department of Energy U.S. National Atomic Museum ... Uzanne, Octave, 1852-1931 To the main listings page Main Project Gutenberg Web page (online)

38. HyperWar: U.S. Army In World War II History of the United States Army in World War II. Includes HTML versions of various volumes of 'U.S. Army in World War II', 'U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II', 'American Forces in Action', and the Order of Battle of the US Army. United States. The Corps of Engineers United States and Canada 19391945. Rearming the French. Three Battles Arnaville, Altuzzo, and Schmidt. Manhattan The Army http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA

[Titles in bold face are those definitely planned for phase one of this project: the Pacific Theater of Operations. Phase two will finish the war with Japan, covering the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations. If I live that long, phase three will then cover the European Theater of Operations. However, "targets of opportunity" may result in early inclusion of some material.] Links to additional resources) Bennial Reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War United States Army in World War II Series United States Army in World War II Reader's Guide This pamphlet contains a brief analytical description of each volume in the United States Army in World War II series published to date or to be published in the near future. These sketches have, in most cases, been prepared by the author at the request of the Chief Historian in his capacity as General Editor of the series. Each synopsis is followed by a list of "key topics" found in the volume and in most cases their chapter location. The War Department: Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations [CMH] Washington Command Post: The Operations Division Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941-1942

39. 61 Works Selected From Project Gutenberg Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, The, by United States. Army. Corps ofEngineers. Manhattan District; Autobiography and Selected Essays, by Huxley http://members.jcom.home.ne.jp/kagakushi/SelectPG_HistSci61.html

ƒO[ƒeƒ“ƒxƒ‹ƒOƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚©‚ç‘I‚ñ‚¾‰ÈŠwŽj‰Æ‚É‚à–𗧂‚U‚Pì•i‚̃ŠƒXƒg Last Updated: Sunday 20 February 2000 ABC's of Science, by Oliver, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1858-1932 About the Human Genome Files, by Human Genome Project Aeroplane Speaks, The, by Barber, H. (Horatio), 1875- Aeroplanes and Dirigibles of War, by Talbot, Frederick Arthur Ambrose, 1880- Aeroplanes, by Zerbe, James Slough, 1850- Areopagitica, A Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to the Parliament of England, by Milton, John, 1608-1674 Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, The, by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District Autobiography and Selected Essays, by Huxley, Thomas Henry, 1825-1895 Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, The, by Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790 Autobiography of Charles Darwin, The, by Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882 Battle of the Books and Other Short Pieces, by Swift, Jonathan, 1667-1745 Brief History of the Internet, A, by Hart, Michael Stern, 1947- Categories, The, by Aristotle, 384-322 B.C Chromosome Number 01-24, by Human Genome Project

40. Webbs In Military Service Engineers District Counter Intelligence Corps (Martin L Daughters of the Confederacy,US Army Military History Institute, United States Civil War http://www.webbdeiss.org/webb/webb_boys.html

MILITARY SERVICE Compiled by Jonathan Webb Deiss This web-page and others on this site act as my research journal and should be viewed as such. Information presented here may be incorrect, or improperly cited or may be here one day and gone the next, yet I strive to always update the information and correct any inconsistencies or mistakes on an almost daily basis. As a work in progress it represents the best information about the subject available to me at the time. Ebenezer Webb of Windham, Connecticut and his sons Darius, Jonathan, Christopher and Ebenezer Jr. all served in either local militia, state forces or the Continental line. selected extracts War of the Southern Rebellion 1861 - 1865 : Listing from the National Park Service Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System of a great many soldiers from the Civil War with Webb surname. Includes a total of over 1000 soldiers ( Click here for a big file!) from North and South in both white and African-American (USCT) volunteer and some regular forces. Search the American Civil War Research Database courtesy of Historical Data Systems ( Click here for a big file!).

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