81. Health Care Information Resources Anencephaly Links The address of this page is http//hsl.mcmaster.ca/tomflem/anencephaly.html.anencephaly Links. For more information, see Birth http://www-hsl.mcmaster.ca/tomflem/anencephaly.html

The address of this page is: http://hsl.mcmaster.ca/tomflem/anencephaly.html Anencephaly Links For more information, see: Birth defects , also in the Illness section of this resource. For more information, see: Infant, newborn , in the Wellness section of this resource. Anencephaly - Anencephaly Support Foundation and Contemporary Ethics Media Anencephaly - Anencephalic Infant Donor Protocol from Loma Linda University medical Center Anencephaly - Infants with Anencephaly as Organ Sources: Ethical Considerations from the AAP Anencephaly - Transplantation of organs from newborns with anencephaly from the CPS Anencephaly - Anencephaly Hub links to resources on anencephaly Please read

82. Community Connections > Disabilities > About > Anencephaly Disabilities HomeAbout anencephaly. Overview anencephaly is a birthdefect that occurs before the 26th day of pregnancy. It is a http://www.arcofkingcounty.org/guide/disabilities/about/anencephaly/

A Resource Guide for Children and Adults With Developmental Disabilities Community Connections Home Disabilities About About Anencephaly Overview Anencephaly is a birth defect that occurs before the 26th day of pregnancy. It is a condition in which the embryo develops without the upper portion of its skull. These embryos sometimes continue to develop into the fetal stage and may even survive to be born alive, but with upper cranium and scalp missing and the brain open to the outer world. The condition is always fatal, however these babies may survive outside the womb anywhere between minutes and weeks. Anencephaly occurs when the "cephalic" or head end of the neural tube fails to close, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. The neural tube is a narrow sheath that folds and closes between the 3rd and 4th weeks of pregnancy to form the brain and spinal cord of the embryo. Causes There is evidence that some cases involve genetics, some environmental factors, but others are clearly impossible to define at this time. Anencephaly has been related to low levels of folic acid, obesity, hypervitaminosis A (a condition caused by taking too much vitamin A) and having previous infants with neural tube defects. Although it is believed that the mother's diet and vitamin intake may play a role, scientists believe that many other factors are also involved. For now the cause of anencephaly is classified as 'unknown'.

83. Related Words Finder: Anencephaly Original word anencephaly. Related words flaw; congenital; corrected;genetic; ailment; nhtsa; arlena; brake; birth; bifida; spina; disorder; http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~zheng/related_word/relate.cgi?anencephaly

84. Qango : Health: Diseases And Conditions: A: Anencephaly Qango Directory anencephaly all of Qango only this category Options Help. Home Health Diseases and Conditions A anencephaly, Suggest a Site. Health, etc. http://www.qango.com/dir/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/A/Anencephaly/

Chat Forums Free Email Personals Classifieds ... Help Qango Directory Anencephaly all of Qango only this category Options Help Home Health ... A > Anencephaly Suggest a Site Health, etc If you would like to suggest a site for this category please click here Home Health Diseases and Conditions ... A > Anencephaly Suggest a Site Home Suggest a Site Search ... Login

85. Www.webshells.com/medsrch/anenceph.txt anencephaly 1 AUTHOR Oakley GP Jr AUTHOR Adams MJ AUTHOR DickinsonCM TITLE More folic acid for everyone, now. SOURCE J Nutr http://www.webshells.com/medsrch/anenceph.txt

YOU ARE NOW CONNECTED TO THE TOXLINE (1981 FORWARD, NON-ROYALTY) FILE. ==ANENCEPHALY== 1 AUTHOR Oakley GP Jr AUTHOR Adams MJ AUTHOR Dickinson CM TITLE More folic acid for everyone, now. SOURCE J Nutr 1996 Mar;126(3):751S-755S ABSTRACT Research during the last 5 years has made it clear that people who do not take folic acid supplements are at increased risk for functional folate deficiency, which has been proven to cause spina bifida and anencephaly and also has been associated with an increased risk for occlusive cardiovascular disease. The overriding folate policy issue is how to increase dramatically the folate consumption of 75% of the population who are now consuming 0.4 mg of folic acid in a supplement. The most expeditious way to increase consumption is through fortification of a food staple. Public health programs are also needed to educate people about the vital importance of increased consumption of folic acid vitamin supplements and of food rich in natural folates. It is urgent that fortification of cereal-grain products be implemented now. The level proposes by FDA would accomplish some prevention, but much more prevention would occur if the fortification were 2.5 times that level. Fortification at the higher level would prevent about 1000 spina bifida and anencephaly birth defects each year and perhaps as many as 50,000 premature deaths each year from coronary disease. Available data have not demonstrated that increasing consumption of folic acid by 0.1 to 0.25 mg of folic acid a day is harmful. If a policy needs to be established on the assumption that people who take vitamin supplements could be harmed, a good policy option ia available; require that all folic acid vitamin supplements also contain 0.4 mg of vitamin B-12. 4 AUTHOR Oakley GP Jr AUTHOR Erickson JD AUTHOR James LM AUTHOR Mulinare J AUTHOR Cordero JF TITLE Prevention of folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly. SOURCE Ciba Found Symp; VOL 181, 1994, P212-23; discussion 223-31 (REF: 20) ABSTRACT The results of the British Medical Research Council's randomized controlled trial proved that folic acid can prevent spina bifida and anencephaly. The trial provided critical scientific data upon which to base public health policy for preventing folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly. Within weeks of publication of the results, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US developed and issued guidelines for women who had had a pregnancy affected by spina bifida or anencephaly. A year later, the US Public Health Service issued the recommendation that all women of child-bearing age who are capable of becoming pregnant should consume 0.4 mg of folic acid per day. The Public Health Service needed a year to make inferential judgements about dose, target groups, safety, timing of ingestion, and existing and proposed vitamin and drug policies and regulations. Current policy discussions concern whether to permit manufacturers of vitamins or food products to claim that folic acid will prevent folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly and whether to allow a food staple to be fortified with folic acid. 10 AUTHOR Lemire RJ AUTHOR Siebert JR TITLE Anencephaly: its spectrum and relationship to neural tube defects. SOURCE J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 1990;10(2):163-74 ABSTRACT Anencephaly patients are of renewed interest because they are regarded as a potential source of organ donation. While there has been a longstanding scientific curiosity on this subject, studies have frequently included such cases as part of the larger spectrum of neural tube defects (NTDs). This paper will discuss some unusual features of anencephaly. Following a review of classification and pathogenesis, associated malformations, growth parameters (organ size and anthropometric measurements), and associations with other entities are discussed. Finally, the relationship of anencephaly to NTDs is presented. 14 AUTHOR Borman GB AUTHOR Smith AH AUTHOR Howard JK TITLE Risk factors in the prevalence of anencephalus and spina bifida in New Zealand. SOURCE Teratology; VOL 33, ISS 2, 1986, P221-30 (REF: 74) ABSTRACT This paper presents results from an epidemiological study on the 51 anencephalus and 53 spina bifida cases in the 1978 New Zealand birth cohort. Multiple sources were used in the ascertainment, and the prevalence rates were 0.98 and 1.02 per 1,000 total births, respectively. No association was found with the traditional indicators of the effect of environmental factors: maternal age, social class, nuptiality, month of birth, or estimated month of conception. Males comprised 41% of anencephalus and 36% of spina bifida cases; the prevalence was higher in the non-Maori than in the Maori population. New Zealand-born mothers appear to have a much lower risk of spina bifida, but not anencephaly, than those born in England/Scotland. The rate for the latter population was within the range of a number of UK-based studies. As the bloodstock of New Zealand whites has been predominantly derived from the UK population, and as New Zealand is a low prevalence area, this suggests that the higher risk for these women is likely to be attributable to factors present in their birthplace but absent in New Zealand. These findings provide further evidence that the epidemiologic patterns of anencephalus and spina bifida in low-prevalence areas are at variance with those in high-prevalence areas, such as the United Kingdom. They also support the hypothesis that the contrast in rates between high- and low-prevalence areas is a reflection of the impact of environmental factors in high-prevalence areas on the "background" or baseline frequency of anencephalus and spina bifida found in low-prevalence areas.

86. NTD Anencephaly Incidence Please be aware that some information may be out of date. PacNoRGG editor BirthPrevalence of anencephaly and Spina Fig. 2 Oregon anencephaly Rates 1971-93. http://mchneighborhood.ichp.edu/pacnorgg/GNW/081996/NTD_Anenceph_incidence.html

PacNoRGG Home GNW sorted by date GNW sorted by topic Genetics Northwest August 1996 Volume X, Number 4 June 7, 2001: The information in this article was accurate as of the publication date, but has not been updated since. Please be aware that some information may be out of date. -PacNoRGG editor Birth Prevalence of Anencephaly and Spina Bifida in Oregon 1971 to 1993 Barbara Pizacani, MPH, RN Project Epidemiologist Oregon Office of Disabilities Prevention Editor’s note The states of Oregon and Washington currently have Centers for Disease Control Disabilities Prevention Grants. Each grantee selects three focus areas. The Oregon project has chosen prevention of neural tube defects as one of its focus areas. This dovetails nicely with PacNoRGG Prenatal Diagnosis committee projects, which include education of primary care providers about triple marker screening, and folic acid education for couples at increased risk to have a baby with a neural tube defect. Oregon Disabilities Prevention staff have become active PacNoRGG members, and have been especially helpful in both Prenatal Genetics and Data committee projects.

87. Neurological Disorders - Anencephaly anencephaly What is anencephaly? anencephaly is What causes anencephaly?anencephaly is a type of neural tube defect. Neural tube http://www.uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/pediatric/neuro/anenceph.htm

Anencephaly What is anencephaly? Anencephaly is a condition present at birth that affects the formation of the brain and the skull bones that surround the head. Anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. Often, the brain lacks part or all of the cerebrum (the area of the brain that is responsible for thinking, vision, hearing, touch, and movement). There is no bony covering over the back of the head and there may also be missing bones around the front and sides of the head. What causes anencephaly A nencephaly is a type of neural tube defect. Neural tube defects, spina bifida (open spine) and anencephaly (open skull) are seen in one to two per 1,000 live births. During pregnancy, the human brain and spine begin as a flat plate of cells, which rolls into a tube, called the neural tube. If all or part of the neural tube fails to close, leaving an opening, this is known as an open neural tube defect, or ONTD. This opening may be left exposed (80 percent of the time), or covered with bone or skin (20 percent of the time). Anencephaly and spina bifida are the most common ONTDs, while encephaloceles (where there is a protrusion of the brain or its coverings through the skull) are much rarer. Anencephaly occurs when the neural tube fails to close at the base of the skull, while spina bifida occurs when the neural tube fails to close somewhere along the spine.

88. Babyworld - Your Baby - Special Needs - Anencephaly anencephaly. What is it? anencephaly is a congenital condition where the baby’sskull does not form properly and the brain may not develop at all. http://www.babyworld.co.uk/information/baby/special_needs/anencephaly.asp

Autumn conceptions are more likely to be boys, according to research. babyworld puts this to the test with your help Vote now! Anencephaly What is it? What causes it? Life expectancy These babies (mostly girls) cannot live for long after birth. YOUR BABY Ask the doctor A-Z of child health Baby diaries ... 3 for 2's at Wellbeing.com Select a department Baby equipment Car seats Clothing Gifts Health Maternity wear Safety Shop Home Want support from others who have the same amount of weight to lose as you? share photos swap stories stay in touch with your own e-mail group plus more... Pregnancy Birth Your baby New parents ... Community

89. Cook Children's Health Care // 404 Page Not Found     anencephaly What is anencephaly? anencephaly is a surround the head.anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. http://www.cookchildrens.org/CC/Ped/neuro/anenceph.htm

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90. Anencephaly GetWell org. World Wide Web Medical Resources. Find a Book. Find a Doctor. Findan Answer. Find a Treatment. A B C D E F. Search. Diseases and Conditions. Resources. http://getwell.org/medical/info/anencephaly.htm

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91. Health Ency.: Disease: Anencephaly anencephaly. When the upper portion of the neural tube fails to close,anencephaly results, however, the specific cause is unknown. http://www.accessatlanta.com/shared/health/adam/ency/article/001580.html

SEARCH: The Web Yellow Pages HOME AJC.COM Illustrated Health Encyclopedia Important notice Ency. home Disease A Anencephaly Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Alternative names: Aprosencephaly with open cranium Definition: The absence of both the skull and cerebral portions of the brain. Causes and Risks Anencephaly is a "neural tube defect" (a defect occurring early in fetal development that damages the primitive tissue which will become the brain and spinal cord). When the upper portion of the neural tube fails to close, anencephaly results, however, the specific cause is unknown. Findings suggest that it may be related to environmental toxins ; however, no absolute connections have been made. Also, low plasma levels of folic acid have been implicated in contributing to neural tube defects. The incidence may reach 3.6 to 4.6 out of 10,000 births. The exact incidence is unknown, as most of these infants probably spontaneously abort. Risk factors include having a previous pregnancy with anencephaly. Nutrition is thought to play an important part in the development of neural tube defects of which anencephaly is only one. The specific nutrition risk factor is thought to be low serum levels of folic acid. Ency. home

92. Anencephaly This page may not appear properly. anencephaly Information. Mourning Mommies Groups. anencephalyMedical Info. anencephaly Support Pages. anencephaly Support Group. http://myangelariel.homestead.com/Anencephaly.html

Anencephaly Information Mourning Mommies Groups Cherished Babies Anencephaly Medical Info ... Page Song ~Gypsy~ Anenecephaly Information Page Anenecephaly Page ... Anencephaly Information

93. Anencephaly Back Home Next. anencephaly. anencephaly. anencephaly with cloacal malformation.eSynopsis of anencephaly of the Brain. Another case of anencephaly. anencephaly. http://www.ability.org.uk/anencephaly.html

Our Aims Services Stats ... Z Anencephaly Anencephaly Anencephaly with cloacal malformation eSynopsis of Anencephaly of the Brain Another case of anencephaly ... Webmaster . Site Design by Ability "see the ability, not the disability" Acknowledgments

94. Neurological Disorders - Anencephaly Neurological Disorders anencephaly. What is anencephaly? anencephaly What causesanencephaly? anencephaly is a type of neural tube defect. Neural http://www.mmhs.com/clinical/peds/english/neuro/anenceph.htm

English - Adult English - Pediatric Spanish - Adult Spanish - Pediatric Neurological Disorders Anencephaly What is anencephaly? Anencephaly is a condition present at birth that affects the formation of the brain and the skull bones that surround the head. Anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. Often, the brain lacks part or all of the cerebrum (the area of the brain that is responsible for thinking, vision, hearing, touch, and movement). There is no bony covering over the back of the head and there may also be missing bones around the front and sides of the head. What causes anencephaly? Anencephaly is a type of neural tube defect. Neural tube defects, spina bifida (open spine) and anencephaly (open skull) are seen in one per 1,000 live births. During pregnancy, the human brain and spine begin as a flat plate of cells, which rolls into a tube, called the neural tube. If all or part of the neural tube fails to close, leaving an opening, this is known as an open neural tube defect, or ONTD. This opening may be left exposed (80 percent of the time), or covered with bone or skin (20 percent of the time). Anencephaly and spina bifida are the most common ONTDs, while encephaloceles (where there is a protrusion of the brain or its coverings through the skull) are much rarer. Anencephaly occurs when the neural tube fails to close at the base of the skull, while spina bifida occurs when the neural tube fails to close somewhere along the spine.

95. Experts, Consultants, Authorities - Anencephaly Specialty anencephaly. AMFS, Inc. (American Medical Forensics). 2640Telegraph Avenue Berkeley, California 94704 Tel 800275-8903 http://www.hgexperts.com/listing/Medical-Experts-Anencephaly.asp

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96. Anencephaly Professionals only. anencephaly,, Print this article, neural gestational week.Three phases of development of anencephaly are described dysraphia http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume VII/ANENCEPHALY.asp

Medcyclopaedia About Medcyclopaedia Amersham Health Search for: Type a word or a phrase. All forms of the word are searchable. Advanced search Browse entry words starting with: A B C D ... Other characters Try our Medcyclopaedia Premium Edition with added tools and functionality tailored to make your working day easier. The following tools are presently available: Expanded search *For Medical Professionals only, registration required Anencephaly, neural tube defect where there is complete or partial absence of the fetal cranium. This is a lethal condition seen in 1 in 1000 births, commonly affecting female fetuses. The defect may occur as early as 18 to 20 postovulatory days and not later than the fourth gestational week. Three phases of development of anencephaly are described: dysraphia, the failure of closure of the rostral end of the neural groove; exencephaly, the exposure of the developed brain outside of the skull vault to amniotic fluid; and anencephaly, the disintegration of the exposed brain during fetal life. 75% of fetuses are stillborn. The majority of the remaining infants die within the first week of life. The diagnosis is made by fetal sonography. Alphafetoprotein levels in amniotic fluid are raised. See

97. Anencephaly Lawsuit News Find Trial Lawyers And Attorneys For InjuryBoard News anencephaly Find trial lawyers and attorneys with experiencein lawsuits involving anencephaly. anencephaly. Need More? , Ask an Attorney. http://www.injuryboard.com/lvlthreeInjury.cfm/hurl/fstli=8/secli=26/trdli=29

Airbags Airlines Avandia Baycol / Cerivastatin ... Birth Defects Anencephaly If you or a family member has been injured, Contact an Attorney today. Just fill out InjuryBoard.com's On-line Questionnaire and have an attorney evaluate your case - free of charge. Ask an Attorney Anencephaly is a birth defect in which the infant's brain fails to develop. Essentially the baby is born without a brain. Most anencephalic children die within a few days of birth. There has been a great deal of controversy regarding the use of anencephalic infants' organs for transplantation. Anencephaly tends to occur in certain geographical areas more so than others. For instance, the rate of anencephaly in some cities along the Texas / Mexico border is much higher than the national average. Researchers suspect industrial and agricultural pollution may be to blame. What do I do Now?

98. NORD - National Organization For Rare Disorders, Inc. anencephaly. To purchase fulltext report ($7.50) View Cart/Checkout. Copyright1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1999, 2002 Synonyms of anencephaly No synonyms found. http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdbdetail_abstract.html?disname=Anencephaly

99. Anencephaly . anencephaly is a neural tube disorder that causesa large defect of the cranium which usually results in death. It...... html. http://students.biology.lsa.umich.edu/bio208_18/Liam/page 3.html

Image of stillborn with anencephaly taken from: http://traumascope.cjb.net Anencephaly Project 1 Description Causes Prevention ... er Links Image of neural tube taken from http://www.angelfire.com/mb/jessicasjourney/info.html Description Anencephaly is a neural tube disorder that causes a large defect of the cranium which usually results in death. It occurs when the anterior section of the neural tube fails to close. Approximately 1 in every 1000 births result in anencephaly. The defect may also appear in the cervical region and may expose part of the spinal cord. While most babies with anencephaly are stillborn, one-third are born alive, and several have lived for months. Image of Retinol (Vitamin A) taken from: http://www.cbdmp.org/ef_vitamin_a.htm Causes Though the cause of anencephaly is unknown, there are many proposed causes of anencephaly, including hypervitaminosis A and folic acid deficiency of the mother. Folic acid is needed for normal neural tube formation. Some researchers believe that high retinol, a form of vitamin A, intake during the first two months of pregnancy may cause the human defect because high retinol intake in rats has been shown to suppress liver folate metabolism. Other possible causes include diabetes, chemical exposure, or anticonvulsant medicine. Image of stillborn Loren Joseph taken from: http://www.anencephalie-info.org/lorenjoseph.htm

100. Project #1-Anencephaly anencephaly is the most severe of the category of birth defects known as NeuralTube Defects. Just click on the buttons below to learn about anencephaly. http://students.biology.lsa.umich.edu/bio208_1/project1.html

Anencephaly is the most severe of the category of birth defects known as Neural Tube Defects. For this reason, we decided to research anencephaly and learn what it is, and why it is deadly. Below we have dividedour research into three topics. Just click on the buttons below to learn about anencephaly. Anencephaly-What it is, description of symptoms, how it can be contracted Prevention of Anencephaly and its Relation to Folic Acid Anencephaly and Organ Donation

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