21. Cataracts Doctors FYI Offers Laser Eye Surgery To Remove Cataract Eye Condition A cataract is defined as a clouding of the lens of the eye, a low vision factor. Anatomy of the eye, Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders Cataract......Find a cataract surgeon that performs eye surgery to remove cataracts. cataractsinformation, types of cataracts, diagnostic, and laser eye surgery doctors. http://www.cataractdoctorsfyi.com/

Cataracts information, types of cataracts, diagnostic, and laser eye surgery doctors. Home Local Cataract Doctors National Cataract Doctors Anatomy of the Eyes ... Cataracts News What are Cataracts? A cataract is defined as a clouding of the lens of the eye , which results in blurry vision. A cataract forms when protein in the lens begins to clump together and cloud a small area of the eye. This cloud will continue to grow and interfere with vision. Eventually, the cataract will need to be removed from the eye with eye surgery Cataracts can occur in one or both eyes and develop in one of the following four ways: Age-related - More than 50% of all Americans over the age of 65 have cataracts Congenital - Cataracts can form at birth or in early childhood Secondary - Steroid use or health conditions such as diabetes can increase the risk of developing cataracts Traumatic - Eye injuries can lead to the formation of cataracts, either directly following the injury or years later

22. Inheritance Of Cataracts In Dogs Inheritance of cataracts in Dogs By Leos Kral Foreword. It simply means thatthose were the types of cataracts studied. Dominant Inheritance? http://aussie-health.westga.edu/research/cataracts/review.html

Australian Shepherd Health and Genetics Information Resource and Health Registry News Current About This Site Purpose Where Who What's New Health Registry Purpose Instructions Log In Genetic Research General Cataracts Contributed Articles By C.A. Sharp 1997 Health Survey Results Analysis Inheritance of Cataracts in Dogs By Leos Kral Foreword W hen I performed the literature search for articles dealing with research on the inheritance of cataracts in dogs, I was surprised by how little is actually known. There are only about a dozen articles which directly address the mode of inheritance and in many cases there is just not enough data on which a definitive statement can be based. I was also surprised that there are no recent studies that address this issue. Most of the papers were published in the 70's and only two were published in the early 80's. This is especially surprising given the tenuous nature of what is actually known. This article is divided into three parts. The first part summarizes reports by breed in which the inheritance is thought to be dominant. The second part summarizes reports by breed in which the inheritance is thought to be recessive. The third part presents what I have been able to gather so far regarding the inheritance of cataracts in the Australian Shepherd. Please note that while certain types of cataracts will be described below for different breeds, it does not mean that those specific types of cataracts are necessarily the only ones that affect that breed. It simply means that those were the types of cataracts studied.

23. Lens Anatomy And Types Of Cataracts Lens Anatomy and Types of cataracts By Leos Kral Different types of cataractsare characterized, in part, by their anatomical location within the lens. http://aussie-health.westga.edu/research/cataracts/anatomy.html

Australian Shepherd Health and Genetics Information Resource and Health Registry News Current About This Site Purpose Where Who What's New Health Registry Purpose Instructions Log In Genetic Research General Cataracts Contributed Articles By C.A. Sharp 1997 Health Survey Results Analysis Lens Anatomy and Types of Cataracts By Leos Kral T he previous article on Lens Development described the process by which an eye lens forms during embryogenesis. This article builds on that information to describe how the detailed cellular structures of the lens can be abstracted into a higher level of anatomical description. Different types of cataracts are characterized, in part, by their anatomical location within the lens. As shown in the drawing below, a lens is made up of a central core of primary lens fibers. This core is surrounded by layers of secondary lens fibers. Each layer of secondary lens fibers originated from opposite sides of the periphery of the lens and individual lens fibers meet to form the sutures. A layer of cells covers the anterior surface of the lens. The entire lens is enclosed within a lens capsule. The anterior side of the lens is the side exposed to the outside of the eye and the posterior side of the lens is the side inside the eyeball. When describing the anatomy of the lens, the terms "primary lens fibers" and "secondary lens fibers" are not normally used. As shown in the drawing below, the area composed of the primary lens fibers is called the lens nucleus. The area made up of the secondary lens fibers is called the lens cortex. The layer of cells that covers the anterior surface of the lens would then be said to be located along the anterior surface of the lens cortex.

24. Aging Eye: Cataracts Glaucoma cataracts Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy Dry Eye SyndromesLow Vision. Aging Eye Disease Information. cataracts. http://www.agingeye.org/cataracts/index.shtml

NEWS INTERVIEWS SEMINARS JOURNAL REVIEW COLLABORATIVE SCIENCE Glaucoma Cataracts Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy ... Low Vision Aging Eye Disease Information Cataracts Publications (General Information) Treatment, Medication and Prevention Clinical Trials Detection ... Help and Resources Keyword Search: NEWS INTERVIEWS SEMINARS JOURNAL REVIEW COLLABORATIVE SCIENCE Glaucoma Cataracts Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy ... sightstreet.com

25. Cataracts - Cause Of Cataract Vision Problems And Eye Sight Effects BUPA health factsheet cataracts develop over a period of months to yearsand your sight can gradually deteriorate without you noticing. cataracts. http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/mosby_factsheets/cataracts.html

search A-Z of health health news healthy living medicines ... A-Z of health Cataracts What are cataracts? A cataract is the clouding of part of the eye called the lens, which allows us to focus on objects. The lens has a consistency like jelly that allows it to change shape, keeping images in focus as we view objects at different distances. As we grow older, the jelly can harden and become cloudy, forming a cataract. When this happens light cannot pass through the lens properly, vision decreases and becomes blurred. What are the causes and risk factors for cataracts Although natural ageing is the most frequent cause, cataracts can result from many conditions. Of these, diabetes, eye-injury, and chronic eye disease are the most common. What are the common symptoms and complications of cataracts? Cataracts take anywhere from a few months to several years to develop, so you may not immediately notice your sight is deteriorating. The main symptom of cataract is blurred vision. Glare, or dazzling, in bright sunlight may also occur. As the cataract worsens, you may start to have problems seeing distant objects, although near objects may still be seen clearly (you may even be able to do away with previously needed reading glasses). However, as the lens becomes ever more rigid and cloudy, near vision will also be lost. Eventually, sight in the affected eye will be lost completely. As this occurs, it may become increasingly difficult for you to carry out normal daily activities. Older people often assume, quite wrongly, that this deterioration in eyesight is an inevitable part of getting old.

26. CATARACT - Disease Therapies Protocol Few people know that poor vision from cataracts affects 80% of people75 years of age and older. Cataract surgery costs Medicare http://www.lef.org/protocols/prtcl-030.shtml

LEF Site Search All categories Protocols Health Conditions Products LE Magazine Medical Abstracts What's Hot FDA Information About LEF LEF News Research Health Concerns Funded Research Track Record Innovative Doctors ... Scientific Advisory Free Product Directory Click for a FREE copy of our Product Directory LEF Membership What is LEF? Benefits Become a Member Renewals ... Become a Subscriber Our call center has now expanded its hours Monday thru Friday: 8:30am to 12:00am EST 5:30am to 9:00pm PST Saturday hours are: 9:00am to 8:00pm EST 6:00am to 5:00pm PST Sunday hours are: 11:00am to 7:00pm EST 8:00am to 4:00pm PST If you'd like to order by phone or speak to a live person for help, just call toll free: Customer Service Info Privacy Policy We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify here CATARACT Abstracts for Protocol Printing? Use this ! Related Products ACETYL L CARNITINE 500 MG 100 CA... BILBERRY EXTRACT 100 MG 10... CYSTEINE ANHYDROUS 300 GRAMS PO... GLUTATHIONE,C,CYSTEINE 750 MG 10... ... TAURINE 1000 MG 50 CAPSULES Few people know that poor vision from cataracts affects 80% of people 75 years of age and older. Cataract surgery costs Medicare more money than any other medical procedure, with 60% of those who initially qualify for Medicare already having cataracts. For most people, the question is not whether you ever will suffer from cataracts, but when? We may all suffer from cataracts at some time in our lives, so taking steps to prevent the disease early in life may mean you are one of those 20% of people who enjoy good eye health and never suffer from cataracts.

27. My Experience With Cataracts 1 Includes a personal account and pictures of vision before and after.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders Cataract......The Main reason for this page is to tell of my experiance with cataracts becausethere seems to be a lack of information to set ones mind at ease, A Survivor http://www.visi.com/~jott/cataract1.htm

My Experience with Cataract Surgery (for people who need to know) The Main reason for this page is to tell of my experiance with Cataracts because there seems to be a lack of information to set ones mind at ease, A Survivor story if you will. This is MY Experience and Your experience May or may not be different. It depends on the Individuals Needs and the doctors Doing the procedures. Nobody is expected to have the exact same experience I had so don't think that your experience will be Just like mine it may be lots better or not. This is only an account of my personal story Of my experience with cataract surgery Your mileage may vary. This is in response to a miss informed Reader that took MY EXPERIENCE As what their experience would be like UN doughtily technology and procedures Have advanced since My Experience So what you get may not be exactly what I got OK? If you are cool with this then read on Please. I have noticed that their seems to be a lack of detailed information regarding a persons experience with cataract surgery what it is and what it is like to go threw.

28. Understanding Cataracts - Lighthouse International How do I know if I have a cataract?, How can I prevent cataracts?, How are cataractstreated?, What about other eye diseases? Understanding cataracts. http://www.lighthouse.org/resources_cataract.htm

Understanding Cataracts Click on the questions below to learn more about cataracts. What is a cataract? How do I know if I have a cataract? How can I prevent cataracts? How are cataracts treated? ... What about other eye diseases? If you have any additional questions, please E-mail us at info@lighthouse.org or call us, toll-free at (800) 829-0500 (select option for "information"). What Is a Cataract? A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye. The lens is a clear oval structure with three layers: the nucleus, the cortex, and the capsule. It may help to think of the lens as a peach, where the nucleus is the peach pit, the cortex is the flesh of the peach surrounding the pit, and the capsule is the peach skin, or elastic covering of the lens. You have a cataract when the nucleus becomes opaque (that is, it is no longer clear) or when small opacities develop in the cortex that block or scatter light. There are three types of cataracts which affect different parts of the lens and cause different symptoms and vision problems.

29. Cataracts FYI - Cataract And Cataract Surgery Information Find information on cataracts, types of cataracts, and cataract treatment suchas cataract surgery. Cataract information. Do You Suffer From cataracts? http://www.cataractsfyi.com/

Do You Suffer From Cataracts? Home Send to a Friend Message Board Set as Home Page ... Cataract News Select a State Select a state Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Washington DC West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Puerto Rico International Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland NorthWest Territories Nova Scotia Nunavuat Ontario P.E.I. Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon What are Cataracts? A cataract is defined as a clouding of the lens of the eye , which results in blurry vision. A cataract forms when protein in the lens begins to clump together and cloud a small area of the eye. This cloud will continue to grow and interfere with vision. Eventually, the cataract will need to be removed from the eye with

30. The Cataracts File: Latest Cataract Treatments Updated regularly over 100 descriptions of the latest treatments for cataractsfromcataract experts and eyecare research centers worldwide. http://www.lifestages.com/health/cataract.html

The Cataracts File SM C E N T E R F O R C U R R E N T R E S E A R C H Approved by Physicians' Home Page Medinex Seal of Approval WellnessWeb: The Patient's Network HONcode Principles of the Health On the Net Foundation Partners of CareData.com W Cataracts File . Learn about late-breaking research from recognized experts at opthamology clinics and eye-care centers worldwide. Compiled from the National Library of Medicine database at the National Institutes of Health, the Cataracts File Cataracts File informs you about studies at such renowned institutions as the Worthen Center for Eye Care Research at Georgetown University, the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Ophthalmology at the Harvard Medical School. Get the inside medical story on: Surgical Procedures for Cataracts Patient Satisfaction with Cataract Surgery Surgical Complications Non-Surgical Therapies Alternative Medicine Treatments Preventive Measures Causes and Risk Factors General Studies Free Access to Full-Text Article on Cataracts It's all in the Cataracts File , and it's all organized and ready for you to download now.

31. Modern History Sourcebook: Charles Dudley Warner: Up The Cataracts Of The Nile, Etext of the story. From the Modern History Sourcebook.Category Arts Literature Authors W Warner, Charles Dudley Works......Back to Modern History SourceBook. Modern History Sourcebook CharlesDudley Warner Up the cataracts of the Nile, 1875. AT twelve http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1875nile.html

Back to Modern History SourceBook Modern History Sourcebook: Charles Dudley Warner: Up the Cataracts of the Nile, 1875 AT twelve o'clock we are ready to push off. The wind is strong from the north. The cataract men swarm on board, two or three sheikhs and thirty or forty men. They take command and possession of the vessel, and our reïs and crew give way. We have carefully closed the windows and blinds of our boat, for the cataract men are reputed to have long arms and fingers that crook easily. The Nubians run about like cats; four are at the helm, some are on the bow, all are talking and giving orders; there is an indescribable bustle and whirl as our boat is shoved off from the sand, with the chorus ot "Ha! Yalesah. Ha! Yalesah!" and takes the current. The great sail, shaped like a bird's wing, and a hundred feet long, is shaken out forward, and we pass swiftly on our way between the granite walls. The excited howadji are on deck feeling to their finger ends the thrill of expectancy. It is not at all what we have expected. In appearance this is a cataract without any falls and scarcely any rapids. A person brought up on Niagara or Montmorency feels himself trifled with here. The fisherman in the mountain streams of America has come upon many a scene that resembles this-a river-bed strewn with boulders. Only, this is on a grand scale. We had been led to expect at least high precipices, walls of lofty rock, between which we should sail in the midst of raging rapids and falls; and that there would be hundreds of savages on the rocks above dragging our boat with cables, and occasionally plunging into the torrent in order to carry a life-line to the top of some seagirt rock. But of this we did not see; but yet we have more respect of the cataract before we get through it than when it it came in sight.

32. New England Eye Center - Cornea & Anterior Segment - Cataracts cataracts. cataracts may develop slowly, over a Period of years, and may not beimmediately apparent if the cloudiness is not near the center of the lens. http://www.neec.com/Cornea_&_Anterior_Segment_Cataracts.html

Cataracts A cataract is cloudiness in the usually clear lens of the eye. Common cataract symptoms include poor night vision, sensitivity to light, a painless blurring of vision and a fading or yellowing of colors. Cataracts may develop slowly, over a Period of years, and may not be immediately apparent if the cloudiness is not near the center of the lens. Cataracts are most commonly caused by aging, but may be related to family history, eye injury, eye surgery or some medications and long-term exposure to sunlight. A cataract may cause cloudy or blurred vision. Surgery is the only method of removing a cataract, though a change of glasses may be sufficient to correct the vision, if the symptoms are mild. What is a cataract? The eye is very much like a camera. They both have an internal lens that focuses an image onto film. In the eye, the lens is focused using muscles rather than your hand, and the film consists of a thin film of nerves called the retina. If the lens in the camera were to be smudged or scratched, your pictures would be blurred. Similarly, when the lens in your eye becomes cloudy, you see the world as blurred or not clear. When the lens becomes cloudy, we call it a cataract What causes a cataract? Who gets it?

33. The Royal College Of Ophthalmologists Of London - Publications - Understanding C Understanding cataracts. Understanding your eye condition. The Understanding faded.What causes a cataract? cataracts can form at any age. Most http://www.rcophth.ac.uk/publications/cataracts.html

Eye Focus Annual Report 2001 Understanding Cataracts Understanding your eye condition The "Understanding" series of leaflets is designed to help you, your friends and family understand a little bit more about your eye condition. Each leaflet gives an introduction to the condition, how it can affect you, the main treatment available and how to make the most of your sight. There are details of who to contact for more information at the foot of the page. What is a cataract? A cataract is a clouding of part of your eye called the lens. Your vision becomes blurred because the cataract is like frosted glass, interfering with your sight. It is not a layer that grows over your skin, despite what you may have heard. If your doctor or optometrist/optician has told you that you have a cataract, don't be alarmed. Many people over 60 have some cataract and the vast majority can be treated successfully. What is the function of the lens?

34. Cataracts cataracts. cataracts are the most common eye disease in Australian Shepherds. InAussies cataracts virtually never occur in young puppies. http://www.asca.org/Education/Health/cataracts.htm

Established 1957 Australian Shepherd Club of America, Inc. PO Box 3790 Bryan, TX 77805-3790 (800) 892-ASCA Fax: (979) 778-1898 Home Page Regulations Aussie ... Forms Aussie Genetics Fact Sheet by C.A. Sharp Cataracts Cataracts are the most common eye disease in Australian Shepherds. They can occur for reasons other than heredity (other diseases, injury, old age) but these other causes are not common and should not be assumed to be the reason why cataracts have occurred without clear evidence to that end. Hereditary cataracts are bilateral, meaning they occur in both eyes, but they may not appear at the same time: If a cataract is noted on one eye, it is wise to recheck in 6 months to a year to see if one develops in the other. Cataracts progress, starting as small opacities and advancing, sometimes to the point of clouding the entire lens and reducing vision to an inability to distinguish anything but extremes of light and dark. Cataracts do not cause the dog any pain and usually progress is slow enough that the dog adjusts to its vision loss. In Aussies cataracts virtually never occur in young puppies. Affected dogs most commonly present signs between 1.5 and 3, but may first show disease as late as 7 years of age. This wide range in the age of onset, coupled with the currently unknown mode of inheritance makes the disease extremely difficult to predict or eliminate. Cataracts which occur after the juvenile period are not, necessarily, "old age cataracts." Nuclear sclerosis, the kind of cataract that is a result of the aging process, may occur as early as 8 years in rare cases but it looks distinctly different to the ophthalmologist and so will not be confused with other types of opacities.

35. FAQ's About Cataracts And Cataract Surgery Read the most frequently asked questions about cataracts and cataract surgery. Cataractremoval lens implantation. Frequently Asked Questions About cataracts. http://www.lasersurgeryforeyes.com/lasereyesurgery/lasikvisioncorrection/catarac

Click here to find a doctor in your area Frequently Asked Questions About Cataracts Why can't the doctor just change my glasses to make me see better? Glasses focus light, they do not improve transmission of light. If a window has dirt on it, even with binoculars we cannot see clearly through it. A cataract is a clouding of the human lens, impairing the clarity (not focus) of light entering the eye, but glasses can be changed, right? If your glasses are not providing perfect focus, then they can be changed to correct that element of your vision problem. Also the reading portion of the glasses can be strengthened to magnify print to overcome your blurring somewhat. What is a cataract? The human lens is like a bag of protein shaped like a lentil bean. The protein is surrounded by a clear capsule. A cataract is a clouding of all or a portion of the protein inside the bag. When should I have the cataract removed?

36. Cataracts And Cataract Surgery Information For The Patient At LaserSurgeryForEye **Click here to find a doctor in your area** cataracts and cataractsurgery. Information for the patient that explains how cataract http://www.lasersurgeryforeyes.com/lasereyesurgery/lasikvisioncorrection/catarac

Click here to find a doctor in your area Cataracts and Cataract Surgery Information for the patient that explains how cataract surgery treatments and technology can improve your vision and what to expect when going to have surgery done. This section explains why we don't see, how laser surgery works, the surgical experience, and what to expect in terms of recovery. CATARACT SURGERY How does the eye work? What is a cataract? How does a cataract affect vision? Non-surgical cataract treatment ... LASIK Testimonials FAQ's: LASIK INTACS Cataracts TABLE OF CONTENTS ... HOME Read more: FDA Report on Laser Eye Surgery AARP Article: The Vision Thing - Laser Surgery after 50 -is it worth the risk? Is LASIK Laser Eye Surgery Good For Senior Citizens? ... FIND A LASIK EYE SURGEON Any questions or comments please email us info@lasersurgeryforeyes.com

37. Prevent Blindness America--Cataract FAQ Vision can become blurred or dimmed because light cannot be transmittedproperly through the lens to the retina. Q How common are cataracts? http://www.preventblindness.org/eye_problems/cataractFAQ.html

Frequently Asked Questions about Cataract Q: What is cataract? A cataract is an opacity or clouding of the eye's lens, which blocks or changes the passage of light needed for vision. The lens of the eye is located behind the pupil and the colored iris, and normally is transparent. Its role is to help focus images onto the retina at the back of the eye, which transmits the images to the brain. Vision can become blurred or dimmed because light cannot be transmitted properly through the lens to the retina. Q: How common are cataracts? Cataracts are a leading cause of blindness among adults in the United States, accounting for one out of every seven cases of blindness in people age 45 and older. Although most prevalent in adults, a cataract can occur in young people, and can sometimes be found in a baby's eyes at birth. Q: Who is at risk? As medical advances have succeeded in lengthening the human lifespan, more and more Americans are—and will be—entering the age group associated with the development of cataracts. It has been said that if we live long enough, most of us will develop a cataract. Q: What are the symptoms?

38. Angeles Vision Clinic:  Cataracts Detailed information on cataracts, surgery and Yag cCapsulotomy. Symtoms, treatments, and photographs.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders Cataract...... cataracts are a normal part of aging. About half of Americans ages 65 to 74have cataracts. Most people with cataracts have a cataract in both eyes. http://www.avclinic.com/Cataract.htm

Angeles Vision Clinic The web site has detailed information on many other eye conditions. Please feel free to visit our Home Page or check out other eye conditions on our Eye Conditions page What is a Cataract? View of an eye with a Cataract A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye. A normal lens is clear and focuses light into the back of the eye (see right photo). When a cataract develops some of this light is blocked out and or scattered. As this cataract develops, it becomes harder for a person to see. Cataracts are a normal part of aging. About half of Americans ages 65 to 74 have cataracts. Over 90 percent of those age 75 and over have this condition. Most people with cataracts have a cataract in both eyes. However, one eye may be worse than the other because each cataract develops at a different rate. View of an eye after Cataract surgery Some people with cataract don't even know it. Their cataract may be small, or the changes in their vision may not bother them much. Other people who have cataracts cannot see well enough to do the things they need or want to do. What Are the Symptoms of a Cataract?

39. MEL: Cataracts cataracts. Hardin MD Clean Bill of Health The Aging Eye cataracts; AllAboutVision.com cataracts and Cataract Surgery; Merck Manual Home Edition cataracts; http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-cataracts.html

Michigan.gov Home HAL Home MeL Internet MeL Magazines and eBooks Health Information Resources About the Health Collection Back to the Health Index Medline Evaluating Health Information ... Michigan Health and Hospitals Cataracts The Aging Eye Cataracts AllAbout Vision.com Cataracts and Cataract Surgery American Optometric Association Cataract American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists Cataracts American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Information on cataracts and refractive surgery. The History of Cataract Surgery by George Garcia Pacific Cataract and Laser Institute Merck Manual Home Edition Cataracts National Eye Institute Are You At Risk for Cataract? Facts About Cataract Pediatric [congenital] Cataracts Children's Hospital of Buffalo Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Cataracts, your questions answered. U-M Kellogg Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Cataract Surgery Go to the MEL Eye Conditions and Ophthalmology Page Selector and Collection Librarian: Metta Lansdale ( lansdale@mel.org

40. Department Of Health: Cataracts - Good Practice Guidance DH Home, You are here NHS policy and guidance cataracts good practiceguidance, Action on cataracts Good practice guidance. Significantly http://www.doh.gov.uk/cataracts/

A-Z site index Search Links Contact DH ... DH Home You are here: NHS policy and guidance Cataracts: good practice guidance NHS home The NHS Plan Subject areas Information technology ... NHS links Action on cataracts Good practice guidance Significantly improving access to treatment for people who need cataract surgery will bring about a real improvement in the lives of millions of mainly elderly people. At present, the major problems with access to services are: the average patient waits for 8-10 weeks for an initial outpatient consultation, and then a further seven months for surgery. Many patients wait much longer. Long waiting times need to be significantly reduced. Capital funding will be made available to a number of sites on condition that they ensure that all patients can have surgery within 6 months of referral. more cataract surgery needs to be undertaken. The NHS carried out about 170,000 cataract operations in 1998-9. Improving the efficiency of the care pathway, and improving facilities at the Modernisation sites, will increase this to 250,000 by 2003.

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