1. Meisha's Hope; A Guide To Canine Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia A page of hope for owners, whose dogs suffer from canine autoimmune hemolyticanemia. MEISHA'S HOPE. A GUIDE to CANINE AUTOIMMUNE hemolytic anemia. http://www.cloudnet.com/~jdickson/

MEISHA'S HOPE A GUIDE to CANINE AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA Meisha's Hope Treatment FAQ Meisha's Story A New Hope Success Stories tissue autopsy revealed she died of amyloidosis probably caused by the long-standing AIHA. This site is dedicated to her and all the other dogs and their families who struggle with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. WHAT IS AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (AIHA)? Lets define the terms of the disease one at a time. "Autoimmune" literally means the immunity against the self."Hemolytic" is the destruction of red blood cells. "Anemia" is a clinical sign, not a disease. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBC's) or the amount of hemoglobin, resulting in a decrease in the oxygen- carrying capacity of the blood. spherocyte occurs. Finding spherocytes on a blood smear almost guarantees that some form of hemolytic anemia is occurring. Since this disorder does not stop the production of red blood cells, there are usually immature red blood cells in the bloodstream which can be detected on the blood smears as well. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA?

2. Anemia, Hemolytic The hemolytic anemias are those caused by destruction of red cells in the bloodstream by a disease process. Encyclopedia Index A anemia, hemolytic. Search. anemia, hemolytic. The hemolytic anemias are those caused by http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/A/hemolytic_anemia.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index A anemia, hemolytic Search anemia, hemolytic The hemolytic anemias are those caused by destruction of red cells in the bloodstream by a disease process. They include hemolytic disease of the newborn, usually caused by blood group incompatibility between mother and baby ( ABO incompatibility Rh factor incompatibility hemolytic anemias caused by abnormal red cell membranes, chiefly hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis, and a variety of other, rarer conditions hemolytic anemias caused by abnormal hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying molecule that fills the red cell); for example sickle cell anemia and thallassemia Complications of hemolytic anemias include all the ill effects of sometimes profound anemia as well as (in the newborn) possible problems caused by jaundice

3. Hematology/Oncology - Congenital Hemolytic Anemia There are a number of specific types of hemolytic anemia which are described http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/peds/pidl/hemeonc/conganem.htm

PIDL Home/ Contents Development Nutrition Acute Illness ... Psychosocial Hematology/Oncology CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA Hemolytic anemia may be secondary to acquired or congenital abnormalities in red blood cell membrane, hemoglobin, or metabolism. Survival of red blood cells to their full life span depends upon effective metabolism of glucose to generate ATP and to maintain adequate levels of reduced glutathione. ATP is essential for cellular deformability and for function of many RBC enzymes, whereas reduced glutathione protects the cell against damage from oxidants. The water and cation content of the cell is maintained by barriers to permeation, and by transport mechanisms located within the cell membrane. Genetic or acquired defects of any of these components of the red blood cell may lead to premature cell damage. Hemolytic anemia should be suspected in any infant or child with anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. Radiographs may demonstrate thickening of the skull and facial bones secondary to intramedullary erythroid hyperplasia, and cardiomegaly. Mild hemolytic anemia may go unnoticed if reticulocyte production compensates sufficiently. Mild hemolytic anemia is often first identified during an infectious illness when the red blood cell count may drop due to bone marrow depression or acutely increased splenomegaly.

4. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Hemolytic Anemia Overview of hemolytic anemia giving alternative names, a definition, causes, incidence and risk factors.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Anemia Hemolytic......hemolytic anemia. of red blood cells. There are a number of specifictypes of hemolytic anemia which are described individually. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000571.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Hemolytic anemia Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Red blood cells, sickle cell Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells Red blood cells, sickle cells Red blood cells, sickle and pappenheimer ... Blood cells Alternative names Return to top Anemia - hemolytic Definition Return to top Hemolytic anemia is a condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells ( anemia ), caused by premature destruction of red blood cells. There are a number of specific types of hemolytic anemia which are described individually. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Hemolytic anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to compensate for premature destruction of red blood cells by increasing their production. When the marrow is able to compensate, anemia does not occur. There are many types of hemolytic anemia, which are classified by the location of the defect. The defect may be in the red blood cell itself ( intrinsic factor ), or outside the red blood cell (extrinsic factor).

5. AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA What Every Owner Of An AIHA Dog Needs To Know Provides basic knowledge about autoimmune hemolytic anemia and the different drug treatment options.Category Health Animal Conditions and Diseases Immune Disorders......AUTOIMMUNE hemolytic anemia. WHAT EVERY OWNER OF AN AIHA DOG NEEDS TO KNOW. Home.FAQ. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a serious, life threatening disease. http://www.geocities.com/aihadogs/

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA WHAT EVERY OWNER OF AN AIHA DOG NEEDS  TO KNOW Home FAQ Treatment Options Reference Guide Glossary Links New!!! IMHA/AIHA Registry Submit information to a major veterinary college to research developing trends Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a serious, life threatening disease. This site was set up to help owners make informed decisions about the care of their pet. It is not intended to take the place of a veterinarian, only to provide information on treatment options available and basic information about the disease. It is important to realize that having an AIHA dog requires a TOTAL commitment. Not only will this disease require a lot of time, but the emotional and financial burden can be great. The medications can be quite expensive and added to the veterinarian bills, can become overwhelming. You will need to adjust your schedule around visits to the vet and administering medications. The financial burden and time limitation are insignificant compared to the emotional roller coaster you will be on. This is a disease that can be controlled, but there is no cure. WHAT YOU NEED TO ASK YOUR VETERINARIAN American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) THE GOOD THINGS ABOUT AIHA Send Questions / Comments to aihadog@yahoo.com

6. Auto Immune Hemolytic Anemia Concise information for dog owners about AIHA and ITP emphasizing the importance of aggressive treatment. http://home.attbi.com/~joan.ogg/aiha_info.htm

A uto I mmune H emolytic Anemia Information for Patients and Veterinarians What is AIHA Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a disease in which the body attacks its own red blood cells (RBC). A pet suffering with AIHA will have a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells within the blood. This is termed anemia. The normal range for the packed cell volume (PCV) or hematocrit is 37-55% (the ratio of the volume of packed red cells to the whole blood). AIHA is classified as a “primary” immune disease. No underlying cause of the immune destruction can be found after an exhaustive clinical and laboratory evaluation. A “secondary” disease is called immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). IMHA refers to all anemias that occur when the immune system inadvertently destroys its own blood cells secondary to an immune attack directed against an underlying condition such as cancer, endocarditis, heartworm or by unidentifiable causes as in AIHA. What are the Symptoms of AIHA?

7. AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: Lilli's Legacy A personal and comprehensive guide to canine AIHA, including supportive care and choosing a knowledgeable veterinarian. http://www.peppypaws.com/LillisLegacy.html

Lilli's Legacy A Tribute to Lilli Now at peace my body lies, but within these pages my spirit flies! Wanting Lilli to exist outside of my memory, Lilli's Legacy was prepared to both memorialize her and to guarantee that her death was not in vain. Lilli experienced a peracute onset of AutoImmune Hemolytic Anemia on August 1, 1999. Without delving into specifics, she exhibited persistant autoagglutination and symptoms of intravascular hemolysis. After exhausting almost all therapeutic options, Lilli succumbed on December 1, 1999. She was an absolute joy every minute of her life and not a day went by that I wasn't amazed by her intelligence, pureness of spirit and sweetness. The treacherous act Lilli's body played upon itself and the resulting emptyness in our home is overridden by our great memories of her. I feel so blessed to have been her Mom. Hoping to use the knowledge gained during our experience to benefit someone else, Lilli's Legacy summarizes information compiled from numerous articles and veterinary manuals. Please use this as supplemental information to help you make informed decisions while discussing your dog's care with your veterinarian. Table of Contents Autoimmunity Who gets AIHA?

8. Loyola Univ. Health Sys. - Blood Disorders - Hemollytic Anemia Blood Disorders hemolytic anemia. hemolytic anemia. What is hemolytic anemia? hemolytic anemia is a disorder in which http://www.luhs.org/health/topics/blood/anehemol.htm

What is anemia? Anemia is a common blood disorder, which is caused when there is a drop in hemoglobin or hematocrit in the blood. Hemoglobin is the part of blood that distributes oxygen from the lungs to tissues in the body. Hematocrit is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells found in a specific volume of blood. Anemia is usually a symptom of a disease rather than a disease itself. Anemia may be a symptom of another disease. The following are the most common symptoms of anemia. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: abnormal paleness or lack of color of the skin increased heart rate (tachycardia) breathlessness, or difficulty catching a breath (dyspnea)

9. VetNet - Resistant Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia And Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia I Discussion forum and information on idiopathic thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia provided by VetNet. http://www.vetnet.co.uk/aiha/

Resistant Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in dogs. This is a VetNet special topic page concentrating on this condition, its treatment and care and the feelings of those involved in the welfare of the dogs. The discussion forum provides a valuable source of information and comfort to those with dogs suffereing from the condition. Please use the new forum. We have configured this to look and feel like the old forum. Extra functionality has been added and a large archive is in place. Joanne Dickson has agreed that we may include on this site her very readable summary of AIHA, its symptoms and possible causes. This is essential reading for owners that are new to the AIHA problem. Joanne's interest in AIHA was sadly prompted by her own experience and so we combine our thanks with a dedication to her dog Meisha (a survivor). We are planning the following new features for the AIHA page: Pros and cons of Prednisone Individual tribute pages to the many dogs that have suffered A serious opinion poll about drugs that may contribute to onset of AIHA We would appreciate feedback , comments and suggestions

10. Anemia, Hemolytic A brief look at the causes of this disorder and its complications. http://www.sleeptight.com/EncyMaster/A/hemolytic_anemia.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index A anemia, hemolytic Search anemia, hemolytic The hemolytic anemias are those caused by destruction of red cells in the bloodstream by a disease process. They include hemolytic disease of the newborn, usually caused by blood group incompatibility between mother and baby ( ABO incompatibility Rh factor incompatibility hemolytic anemias caused by abnormal red cell membranes, chiefly hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis, and a variety of other, rarer conditions hemolytic anemias caused by abnormal hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying molecule that fills the red cell); for example sickle cell anemia and thallassemia Complications of hemolytic anemias include all the ill effects of sometimes profound anemia as well as (in the newborn) possible problems caused by jaundice

11. The Treatment Of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia In Dogs The following therapies are used in the treatment of autoimmune hemolyticanemia. However, it should be noted that each dog diagnosed http://www.cloudnet.com/~jdickson/treatment.htm

TREATMENT Meisha's Hope Treatment FAQ Meisha's Story A New Hope Success Stories The following therapies are used in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. However, it should be noted that each dog diagnosed with this disease will tolerate each treatment in a different manner. Because of that fact, be certain to discuss all treatment options with your veterinarian, before embarking on any treatment program for your dog. DRUG THERAPY If steroids alone are insufficient, more potent immunosuppressive drugs such as Imuran (azathioprine) may be added. Imuran is a "second-line" or "slow acting drug." Clinical response may require up to 6 weeks. The principal adverse effect associated with Imuran is bone marrow suppression. Acute pancreatitis and hepatotoxicity have also been associated with Imuran. Because Imuran depresses the immune system, animals may be susceptible to infections or neoplastic illnesses (long term use). Another potent drug used in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia is Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide). Cytoxan may be used in cases with severe hemolysis and agglutination. The usual manner in which Cytoxan is given is daily for 4 consecutive days per week, stop for 3 days and then repeat. Because of the potential for development of serious adverse effects, Cytoxan should only be used in patients who can be adequately and regularly monitored. Primary adverse effects in animals associated with Cytoxan are bone marrow suppression, gastroenterocolotis (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) alopecia (hair loss) and hemorrhagic cystitis.

12. Wing-N-Wave Labradors Canine Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia issues pertaining to AIHA. Canine Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. cell destruction.ImmuneMediated hemolytic anemia. What is AIHA? AIHA is http://www.labbies.com/aiha.htm

Home What's New About Wing-N-Wave Purchasing a Labrador ... Canine Legislature Pamela A. Davol, 76 Mildred Avenue, Swansea, MA 02777-1620 pdavol@labbies.com AIHA Letters A compilation of selected letters from my archives addressing issues pertaining to AIHA. Canine Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia A disease characterized by increased destruction of red blood cells (erythrocytes) by the dog's own immune system, canine autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is one of the most common blood (hematologic) disorders affecting canines. Though much attention has been given recently to AIHA due to evidence linking the process of vaccinating with the manifestation of this sometimes life-threatening disease, immunization is only one potential cause for this condition. The following article provides a detailed explanation of AIHA in terms of the disease process, diagnosis and treatment, and explores factors that may play a role in the development of this disorder in the canine. The Blood: A Brief Overview The blood is considered an organ having its own complex and diverse development, structure and functions. Its unique form, cellular tissue suspended in fluid plasma, allows it to serve as a main distribution system throughout the body. Cellular tissues composing the blood include: the red blood cells, which provide oxygen to tissues of the body; the white blood cells, which prevent invasion of microorganisms or other foreign substances; the lymphocytes, which carry out immune surveillance; and the platelets, which are involved in keeping the components of the blood in balance. Remarkably, all of these cellular components originate from a common source called stem cells located in the bone marrow. These stem cells give rise to a mature colony of cells which as they continue to divide and mature undergo a series of changes, a process known as differentiation, and eventually develop into the specialized blood cells indicated above.

13. Supplemental Garlic: Cat Nutrition Facts From Feline Future Article on Heinz body anemia and hemolytic anemia caused by garlic, onions, shallots, and related plants, fed to cats. http://www.felinefuture.com/nutrition/garlic.php

Main Search Contact Legend ... go back Feline Nutrition Facts Garlic, Onions, and other members of the Lily family With today's trend of resorting to dietary modification and the addition of herbs and supplements into our meal-plan as a natural way of combating and preventing common human ailments, one should be very careful in how far the companion cat can be included in these recommendations. Many natural substances which aid human ailments may have an equally beneficial effect on the cat, but equally many can also have detrimental effects on the cat and her health. The use of garlic and other members of the Lily family such as onions, shallots, and chives in the cat's diet is not advised. Ingestion of these plants in a raw, cooked, or dried form can lead to damage of the red blood cells, which are rejected by the body from the bloodstream, and a continued use of garlic or onions can eventually result in hemolytic anemia. If the anemia is not controlled by discontinuing the use of the plants, it can potentially lead to death. Less significant but important is that raw garlic and onions irritate the mouth, esophagus, and stomach and can cause or exacerbate ulcers. "An alkaloid, N-propyl disulphide, present in both cultivated and wild onions, chives, and garlic, affects the enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in red blood cells that interferes with the hexose monophosphate pathway. Oxidation of hemoglobin results because there is either insufficient phosphate dehydrogenase or glutathione to protect the red blood cells from oxidative injury. The resulting formation of Heinz bodies within erythrocytes is characteristic of onion poisoning. (...)"

14. A - Anemia there are fewer red blood cells than normal. hemolytic anemia describes the condition in which this loss of red blood http://www.vetinfo.com/dencyclopedia/deanemia.html

Vetinfo Canine Encyclopedia Feline Encyclopedia VetInfo Digest ... Your Turn Encyclopedia of Canine Veterinary Medical Information Anemia Anemia is the condition in which there are fewer red blood cells than normal. Hemolytic anemia describes the condition in which this loss of red blood cells occurs because the red cells break up (lyse). This can happen inside the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or outside of the blood vessel (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic anemia can occur for many reasons, including heat stroke, parasites, viral infections. toxins and other conditions. One of the things that can cause hemolytic anemia is immune system disease - in this case the disorder is known as immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). This is the term currently preferred for the condition formerly known as auto-immune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The reason for the subtle name change is the recognition that much of the time the immune system really is attacking an invader it just happens to be one that is stuck on the red blood cell so both get destroyed. Anemia occurs for a number or reasons but they break down into two major categories. Either blood is not being made in the first place (nonregenerative anemia) or else it is being destroyed in some manner even though it is being made by the body. If the destruction outpaces the production, anemia occurs.

15. Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Immune Mediated hemolytic anemia IMHA IMHA crisis treatments Immune mediated hemolyticanemia in Giant Schnauzer Drug treatment options following IMHA IMHA http://www.vetinfo.com/dimhanemia.html

Please note: The information on our site is for everyone to read. Please use it as often as you like. Please use the search engine or one of the indexes to access the information you need on our website. Subscriber Info The income from subscriptions helps defray the cost of maintaining the site and allows us to keep the large amount of information on www.vetinfo.com free to our readers. Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia IMHA IMHA - crisis treatments Immune mediated hemolytic anemia in Giant Schnauzer Drug treatment options following IMHA ... Hemolytic anemia also see Thrombocytopenia also see Blood also see IMHA - Looking for Answers also see Immune also see Medication - side effects Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) or Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) The mechanism by which the immune system mistakes red blood cells for a "foreign invader" varies somewhat according to the cause. It usually involves adherence of the offending agent (parasite, drug, toxin, etc) to the surface of the rbc. The immune system wishes to attack this agent but manages to injure the rbc as well. Dogs with IMHA usually experience a sudden onset of clinical signs, including depression, lethargy, pale gums or conjunctiva, sometimes jaundice or a heart murmur and bruising. Vomiting or abdominal pain may be present. It is unusual for overt blood loss to occur, such as nose bleeds or excessive bleeding from a minor injury. Death can occur rapidly, even with appropriate treatment.

16. SIENNA Basenjis Stories, pictures, and pedigrees of the dogs. Tale of a dog that survived autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Located in Marietta, Georgia. http://www.siennabasenjis.com

Welcome to SIENNA Basenjis Your Hosts, LoAnne, Mike and Michelle Miller At Sienna Basenjis, we strive to breed for conformation, temperment, health and QUALITY, not QUANTITY. Our dogs compete in AKC conformation dog shows. We are active members of 2 local all breed dog clubs, and members of our national breed club, The Basenji Club of America (BCOA). We live in Marietta, Georgia, (Cobb County) which is about 20 miles northeast of downtown Atlanta. 2003 is our 20th anniversary of residing in Marietta. We hope you enjoy your visit of our website and find it informative as well as amuzing. So, you are considering a basenji for a family pet... Go to the below link and read the description of the breed, and comments from "new owners" who also thought the basenji was for them "Is a Basenji the Dog for Me or my Family?" Tanner, Flynt and Cassidy - Born March 12th, 2003 Link to 2003 Puppies Page CH Rikwen Ashanti Benin Boone "Boone" Savannah's Pride of Sienna "Sienna" Klassic Sienna's Nyte Skye "Skye" (new photo at 15 mos) Amuzing Photos of our Basenjis Klassic Basenjis Sue and Mike Kite Home of the Klassic Kids since 1971 Chiya Basenjis Steffanie Cheng's mischievous

17. Hemolytic Anemia hemolytic anemia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a disorder in which there is premature destruction of red blood cells. http://www.medical-library.net/sites/hemolytic_anemia.html

Hemolytic Anemia by Ron Kennedy, M.D., Santa Rosa, California Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a disorder in which there is premature destruction of red blood cells. Autoimmune disorders are caused when the body's immune system, which is meant to defend the body against bacteria, viruses, and any other foreign product, malfunctions and produces antibodies against healthy tissue, cells and organs. Normally a red blood cell has a life span of approximately 120 days before the spleen removes it from circulation. Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow and released into circulation. In persons with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the red blood cells are destroyed prematurely; and bone marrow production of new cells cannot make up for their loss. The severity of this disorder is determined by the length of time the red blood cell survives and by the ability of the bone marrow to continue red blood cell production. Symptoms are as follows: nosebleeds, bleeding gums, chills, fatigue, pallor (paleness), shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, yellow sclera (whites of eyes) and skin. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a disorder that occurs in persons who have formerly had a normal red blood cell count. The disorder usually occurs concurrent to some other medical condition, often another autoimmune disease and it sometimes occurs alone.

18. I - Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) Encyclopedia of Canine Veterinary Medical Information Immune Mediatedhemolytic anemia (IMHA) or Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). http://www.vetinfo.com/dencyclopedia/deimha.html

Vetinfo Canine Encyclopedia Feline Encyclopedia VetInfo Digest ... Your Turn Encyclopedia of Canine Veterinary Medical Information Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) or Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) The mechanism by which the immune system mistakes red blood cells for a "foreign invader" varies somewhat according to the cause. It usually involves adherence of the offending agent (parasite, drug, toxin, etc) to the surface of the rbc. The immune system wishes to attack this agent but manages to injure the rbc as well. Dogs with IMHA usually experience a sudden onset of clinical signs, including depression, lethargy, pale gums or conjunctiva, sometimes jaundice or a heart murmur and bruising. Vomiting or abdominal pain may be present. It is unusual for overt blood loss to occur, such as nose bleeds or excessive bleeding from a minor injury. Death can occur rapidly, even with appropriate treatment. Whenever hemolytic anemia is present it is wise to carefully rule out initiating causes that might be treatable. Examples of problems that can lead to hemolytic anemia include ehrlichiosis (a blood parasite), reactions to sulfa antiseptics or penicillin antibiotics, zinc toxicosis which can occur due to the ingestion of pennies. If any of these problems can be identified and treated the prognosis is much better. The combination of clinical signs and spherocytes on a blood smear give a strong indication of this condition very rapidly. It can be confirmed using a Coomb's test to check for antibodies adhered to red blood cells. This test is usually done at body temperature and at a colder temperature (4 degrees Celsius). A small percentage of dogs that have IMHA will not test positive on the Coomb's test.

19. BCOA Health Research Committee Status report of research on health concerns in basenjis. Fanconi, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, hemolytic anemia, and Hip Dysplasia. http://www.basenji.org/healthcm.htm

BCOA Health Research Committee Report 8/2/96 There are currently several health issues of concern in basenjis. These include Fanconi Disease, PRA (Progressive Retinal Atrophy), HA (Hemolytic Anemia), and Hip Dysplasia. The status of research in each of these areas holds a lot of promise for the future of our breed. PRA The PRA committee has been in touch with Dr. Aguirre of the Baker Institute, who is the leading expert on PRA. Dr. Aguirre believes that basenji PRA falls in the prcd class of PRA, like poodles, cocker spaniels, and many other breeds. He is currently studying prcd PRA, with a goal of developing a DNA test for carriers and affecteds. Ophthalmologists reports indicate that some basenjis exhibit the classic PRA pattern of retinal deterioration, while others show a patchwork pattern of retinal degeneration. Basenjis with PRA frequently show retinal deterioration later than other breeds, with basenjis typically first becoming PRA suspicious at ages 3.5 to 6. Some cases of very late onset PRA, at age 7 and older, have also been reported. In some cases very late onset retinal deterioration, in dogs that have tested normal for years, requires additional testing to determine whether it is caused by PRA or old age. Breeders are being very cooperative in getting definitive diagnoses, as it is very important to know which dogs are affected. ERG's, a special test of retinal electrical response, and post-mortem pathology after the basenji dies, can answer whether or not a very old dog had PRA or some other form of retinal deterioration.

20. Asplenic Hematology and oncology of hemolytic anemia. A look at the causes, lab work and management of this disorder. http://www.fpnotebook.com/HEM40.htm

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