41. Www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Nystagmus,+Pathologic nystagmus, pathologic (National Institutes of Health); http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Nystagmus, Pathologic

42. MeSH-D Terms Associated To MeSH-C Term Nystagmus, Pathologic MeSHD terms associated to MeSH-C term nystagmus, pathologic, G2DHome. The number indicates the strength of the association of the http://www.bork.embl-heidelberg.de/g2d/c2d.pl?Nystagmus,_Pathologic:unknown

43. Entrez-PubMed Meniere's Disease/complications*; Middle Age; nystagmus, pathologic/etiology*;nystagmus, pathologic/drug therapy; nystagmus, pathologic http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

44. Entrez-PubMed Noise/adverse effects*; nystagmus, pathologic/diagnosis; Saccades/physiology*;Semicircular Canals/physiopathology*; Severity of Illness http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

45. Arch Ophthalmol -- Page Not Found Neuroophthalmic, Radiographic, and pathologic Manifestations of Adult-Onset Alexander revealedsquare-wave jerks, gaze paretic nystagmus, rebound nystagmus http://archopht.ama-assn.org/issues/v117n2/abs/ecp8446.html

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery MSJAMA Science News Updates Meetings Peer Review Congress The page you requested was not found. The JAMA Archives Journals Web site has been redesigned to provide you with improved layout, features, and functionality. The location of the page you requested may have changed. To find the page you requested, click here HOME CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Error 404 - "Not Found"

46. Eye Diseases Olitsky and Nelson Buffalo (US) nystagmus, pathologic Some noteson nystagmus J Hamilton - The Berries; The UK nystagmus Network; http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c11.html

search help staff Eye Diseases Patients and laypersons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional health care provider. Alphabetical List of Diseases Search PubMed at NCBI/NLM Physical Structures of the Eye [text only; L Hahn ] - U. of Pennsylvania (US) Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Human Eye TM Montgomery The Human Eye - in anatomical transparencies Colored Eyes - TipsOfAllSorts About the 'Blind Spot' Actually: The Main Lens of Your Eye Is Not Inside The Eye Simulations of certain eye problems - Ohio LIONS Eye Research Foundation Distance Vision Test - Perrot Optic (CH) A Visual Acuity Test The Eye Exam C Goldberg ] - School of Medicine, UCSD (US) Eye examination - Indiana University (US) School of Optometry , and Dr Riley's Diagnostic Procedures - Indiana University (US) Ophthalmology information - eMedicine Eye Diseases and Disorders - an illustrated encyclopedia - StLukes Eye An Ocular Pathology Review RC Eagle ] - Wills Eye Hospitale Brief informtion on various Eye Diseases from Dr. Steensman's Eye Care Site

47. Alphabetic List Of Specific Diseases/Disorders Alstrom Syndrome ( nystagmus, pathologic); Altitude Sickness; AlzheimerDisease; Nocardia Infections; Noonan Syndrome; nystagmus, pathologic. O. http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/alphalist.html

search help staff ... to entry page Alphabetical List of Specific Diseases/Disorders [ Click on a selected entry to go to the relevant MeSH page ] A B C D ... Z A Abscess Achondroplasia Acidosis Acne Rosacea ... Albinism (Skin Diseases ..) Albinism, Ocular Alcoholism Alexanders Disease Alkalosis ... Arthritis, Rheumatoid (Musculoskeletal Diseases) Arthritis Arthrogryposis Arthropathy, Neurogenic Arthropod Diseases ... AZOOR B Babesiosis Back Pain Bacteremia Baker's Cyst ... Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP) Bronchitis Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Brown (Tendon Sheath) Syndrome Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... Buruli Ulcer C Cafe-au-Lait Spots Caliciviridae Infections Campylobacter Infections Canavan Disease ... CHARGE Syndrome (not on MeSH) Charles Bonnet Syndrome Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Cheilitis Cheilitis Granulomatosa ... Chlamydia Infections (sexually transmitted) Cholangitis Cholecystitis Choledochal Cyst Cholelithiasis ... Cytomegalovirus Infections D Dandy-Walker Syndrome Darier Disease Death Decubitus Ulcer ... DiGeorge Syndrome (Thymic Dysplasia) Digestive System Neoplasms Diphtheria Diphyllobothriasis Diplopia ... Dizziness (Nervous System Diseases) Dog Diseases Donovanosis Down Syndrome Down Syndrome ... Dysautonomia, Familial

48. Nystagmus 1998 However, pathologic vestibular nystagmus can occur with injury to any portionof the vestibular complex. Usually it is due to end organ disease. http://www.wfubmc.edu/neurology/lectures/nystagmus/nysgr.html

Neurology Grand Rounds, January 27, 1998 OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand the Classification of the main types of nystagmus 2. Be able to recognize and differentiate congenital from acquired nystagmus 3. Understand which types of nystagmus have localizing value 4. Be able to differentiate true nystagmus from the saccadic ocular oscillations 4. Know where to seek additional information about nystagmus A brief introductory set of slides will introduce initial concepts and the classification of nystagmus. Thereafter a 20 minute video will be shown demonstating a variety of types of congenital and acquired nystagmus types and many of the ocular oscillations. slow initiating component and a fast corrective component, as criteria in the definition of nystagmus [1]. During the examination, it may be quite difficult to determine whether 1) a particular oscillation has an initial slow component and should be classified as a "true nystagmus", or 2) it is composed entirely of saccades and should be classified as one of the "saccadic oscillations". It usually does not matter to the clinician if the rhythmic oscillation observed is truly nystagmus. What matters is whether the ocular oscillation is congenital or acquired . If it is acquired, are the characteristics

49. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg -- Page Not Found pathologic Quiz Case 2 Paul W. Bauer, MD; C. Bruce MacDonald, MD; Gerard F. Domanowski,MD; Nabil S. Fuleihan, MD Boston There was no spontaneous nystagmus. http://archotol.ama-assn.org/issues/v124n12/ffull/orp8084-2.html

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery MSJAMA Science News Updates Meetings Peer Review Congress The page you requested was not found. The JAMA Archives Journals Web site has been redesigned to provide you with improved layout, features, and functionality. The location of the page you requested may have changed. To find the page you requested, click here HOME CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Error 404 - "Not Found"

50. Baylor Neurology Case Of The Month She also had conjugate gaze restriction, nystagmus, and mild confusion, but An amblyopiathat is indistinguishable on clinical and pathologic grounds has been http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/neurol/challeng/pat54/summary.html

Patient #54 Summary and Discussion Gautham Reddy, M.D. Diagnosis: Wernicke's encephalopathy (presenting with optic neuropathy) Case Summary: CLINICAL SUMMARY In this patient, the combination of encephalopathy, ataxia, and ophthalmoparesis, together with suspicion for nutritional deficiency (thin body habitus, recent significant weight loss) and evidence for autonomic dysfunction (resting tachycardia), suggested the possibility of a Wernicke's syndrome. The patient's optic neuropathy, however, occasioned additional diagnostic studies that were performed while thiamine was being administered. An MRI scan of the head demonstrated bilateral and symmetric hyperintensities on T2-weighted sequences in the medial thalami and along the border of the third ventricle, but signal abnormalities could not be convincingly demonstrated in the optic nerves. In screens for demyelinating disease, neoplasms, and infectious-immune disorders, we did not find an alternative cause of this patient's optic neuropathy. The morning after thiamine (100 mg daily) was initiated, the patient's visual acuity improved to 20/40 OU, her right afferent pupillary defect had resolved, and she displayed only mild bilateral abducens palsies. Within 2 days of starting thiamine, her visual acuity had normalized on the right. Her ocular movements were full, but she displayed horizontal nystagmus with leftward and rightward gaze, in the direction of the gaze. Within 4 days of starting thiamine, the patient had only trace nystagmus with horizontal gaze, while her MMSE score had improved to 27/30. A follow-up MRI scan demonstrated significant resolution of the T2-weighted signal abnormalities present in the medial thalami on the initial imaging study. This dramatic response to thiamine administration confirmed the clinical suspicion of Wernicke's encephalopathy, and also provided an explanation for her optic neuropathy.

51. Pathologic - ThesaurusDictionary.com :: All About Pathologic tumors. http//www.vh.org/Providers/Textbooks/LungTumors/pathologicTypes/Text/pathologicTypes.htmlnystagmus, pathologic. nystagmus http://www.thesaurus-dictionary.com/files/p/a/t/pathologic.html

Search for a new word: a b c d ... z Previous Word: pathognomy pathological zouave Focus Word: pathologic 1. of or pertaining to pathology. caused by or due to disease; abnormal; morbid; as, pathological tissue; a pathological condition. Thesaurus Terms for: pathologic Games Free Everything The Best Sites for: pathologic Virtual Hospital: Lung Cancer and Related Topics: Pathologic Types A discussion of different types of lung cancer and other thoracic tumors. http://www.vh.org/Providers/Textbooks/LungTumors/PathologicTypes/Text/PathologicTypes.html Nystagmus, Pathologic Nystagmus, Pathologic [up] This site, provided by the Nystagmus Network, includes basic information on the condition and articles on specific aspects of Nystagmus. There is a section of FAQs, and information on the activities and publications of the...... http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0028738L1412662.html Anatomy Radiologic-Pathologic Institute Multimedia Learning help ... http://rpiwww.mdacc.tmc.edu/se/anatomy/ Pathologic Gambling - February 1, 2000 - American Academy of Family Physicians American Academy of Family Physicians Members: Click to customize site American Academy of Family Physicians AAFP Home Search: more options Members: Log in to customize this site and create http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000201/741.html

52. EMedicine - Nystagmus, Acquired : Article By Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS Central vestibular forms of nystagmus are always pathologic and deservea thorough evaluation. MRI is the preferred method of neuroimaging. http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic339.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Ophthalmology Extraocular Muscles Nystagmus, Acquired Last Updated: August 8, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS , Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, St. louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine Coauthor(s): Gregory Van Stavern, MD , Assistant Professor, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University; Enrique Garcia-Valenzuela, MD, PhD , Assistant Professor of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS, is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association , and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Editor(s): Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD

53. Pathologic Myopia an email correspondence you kept on the subject pathologic Myopia some He was alsodiagnosed to have nystagmus, a repetitive rhythmic involuntary oscillation http://med-aapos.bu.edu/publicinfo/store5/PathologicMyopia10.34AM.html

Pathologic Myopia This question submitted by Egbert M. Moreira on 6/27/02. Dear Sir, I write to you regarding an e-mail correspondence you kept on the subject Pathologic Myopia some time ago. The reason I would like to contact an expert in this forum is my son's condition. He was recently diagnosed to pocess this form of myopia. He was also diagnosed to have nystagmus, a repetitive rhythmic involuntary oscillation of the eyes. Any information you may be able to share with me on this disease will be very useful. I know very little about it. I know it is deemed to be congenital or hereditary. I also found out that it manifests as a rapid increase of myopia in the first decade of life. What strikes me is the fact that in my son's case, he's been prescribed nearly the same lenses since 2 years of age. He is still wearing the same glasses after 1.5 years, namely 8.5 and 9 (he suffers from astigmatism too, 2 degrees). Therefore one question is to do with the possibility of a wrong diagnosis. He never had more than 20% and 30% of acuity after correction. But his prescriptions are not significantly altered. Could please you give me a profile of the normal exams needed to acertain with absolute confidence the aforementioned diagnosis? I also found out that in this type of myopia the eye gradually loses definition (resolution). It is caused by a degenerative vacularisation of the sub-retina region. I discovered that the prognostic for patients bearing this type of eye illness is very serious, namely irreversible blindness by the age of 50.

54. Nystagmus Details about CN including what it is, how it occurs, the characteristics and the types.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders nystagmus...... with motor nystagmus can see 6/6 (20/20) {PrattJohnson Tillson, 1994} This isbecause the eyes are not affected by any obvious pathologic changes {Pratt http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Spa/3699/Congen.html

TYPES of NYSTAGMUS Pathological Nystagmus Nystagmus is pathological (abnormal), when it occurs spontaneously or when it appears in an individual looking at a stationary object Congenital Nystagmus (CN) A lot of confusion surrounds the term ‘congenital’. It is often used to describe a condition that begins when a child is very young. However, the phrase ‘congenital nystagmus’ (CN) is often used to describe a type of nystagmus. Therefore, I have identified this category to apply solely to the condition CN. Nystagmus that is classified as acquired may develop at any time. Therefore, some of these forms may also be considered to be 'congenital' if they develop in infancy. For example, Periodic alternating nystagmus [See Acquired nystagmus] This page contains the following information on congenital nystagmus: About CN When CN occurs Characteristics of CN Types of CN ... b) motor (idiopathic) About Congenital Nystagmus (CN) When CN Occurs Characteristics of CN Binocular Horizontal Involves reduced vision Reduced/Dampened: a) By convergence c An esotropia is a type of 'squint' where the eye is turned inwards.

55. Alcohol And Its Physiologic And Pathologic Effects. Alcohol Pharmacology and physiologic, pathologic effects degeneration, a syndromeof progressive unsteady stance and gait often accompanied by mild nystagmus. http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/9999/buhusinfo15.html

Alcohol: Pharmacology and physiologic, pathologic effects. Mark A. Schuckit Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine Chapter 386, 14th Ed., 1998. Ninety percent of people drink alcohol, 40 to 50 percent of men have temporary alcohol-induced problems, and 10 to 20 percent of men and 3 to 10 percent of women develop pervasive and persistent alcohol-related problems (alcohol dependence or abusealcoholism). The usual alcoholic has a family and a job; only about 5 percent live on "skid row." Even light drinking may adversely interact with other medications; temporary heavier drinking can exacerbate most medical illnesses; and alcoholism can masquerade as many different medical disorders and psychiatric syndromes. The following sections describe the pharmacology and clinical effects of alcohol and identify circumstances in which drinking may cause a major medical or psychiatric problem or exacerbate a preexisting disorder. Pharmacology Of Ethanol: Absorption And Metabolism Ethanol is a weakly charged molecule that moves easily through cell membranes, rapidly equilibrating between blood and tissues. The effects of drinking depend in part on the amount of ethanol consumed per unit of body weight; the level of alcohol in the blood is expressed as milligrams or grams of ethanol per deciliter (e.g., 100 mg/dL or 0.1000 g/dL). In round figures, 340 mL (12 oz) of beer, 115 mL (4 oz) of nonfortified wine, and 43 mL (1.5 oz) (a shot) of 80-proof beverage each contain approximately 10 g of ethanol; 1 pint of 86-proof beverage contains approximately 160 g, and 1 L of wine contains approximately 80 g of ethanol. Congeners found in alcoholic beverages may contribute to body damage with heavy drinking; these include low-molecular-weight alcohols (e.g., methanol and butanol), aldehydes, esters, histamine, phenols, tannins, iron, lead, and cobalt.

56. Appendix L 57. Do you know the rate of occurrence of nystagmus in the general population ofthe various pathologic causes of nystagmus that you have just mentioned? 58. http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/enforce/nystagmus/app_l.html

APPENDIX L PREDICATE QUESTIONS EMERGENCY ROOM PHYSICIAN Several medical specialties use a form of nystagmus testing in diagnosing patients, for example, emergency room physicians, ophthamologists, neuro-ophthamologists. Although not necessary, the testimony of a medical expert supports the use of the HGN test in the broader community, not just law enforcement, and gives the weight of medicine to the validity of the test. It is preferable to use an expert with an interest in the subject beyond just testifying as an expert and who has actually witnessed officers administering the test. NOTE: The following examination is intended only as a sample. It is adaptable to any medical expert you intend to call. Be sure to discuss the questions in advance with your expert to determine his ability to answer all questions. Delete those which are not appropriate for your expert. Depending on your expert's experience and training, there are many more questions you could ask to qualify the witness as a expert. Do not diminish your expert's credibility by underplaying the qualifications. 1. Please state your name for the record.

57. DJO Grand Rounds - ** AUTHOR ** Studies have suggested that DBN is a pathologic central vestibular nystagmus causedby imbalance of the tonic activity of the vertical vestibuloocular reflex http://www.djo.harvard.edu/meei/GR/Ryan081496/Ryan081496Dx.html

Downbeat Nystagmus Secondary to Bony Cervicomedullary Junction Abnormality Clinical Course Given the patient's progressive and disabling symptoms of bidirectional vertical oscillopsia, vertigo, headache, dysmetria, and gait ataxia, as well as the precarious situation of having the medulla rest on a protuberant bony abnormality, surgical intervention was recommended. After transoral decompression of the foramen magnum with removal of the clivus protuberance, there was considerable recovery. At a one year follow up examination, the patient reported oscillopsia only after vigorous exercise. Examination revealed trace nystagmus on lateral gaze, a normal gait, and normal reflexes. Discussion Downbeat nystagmus is a primary position vertical jerk nystagmus that is often accompanied by vestibular and cerebellar signs such as vertigo, ataxia, and oscillopsia. It is characterized by conjugate eye movements which occur in primary postion and are not affected by fixation. The nystagmus increases in amplitude in lateral gaze, is greatest in down and lateral gaze, and dampens in up gaze. There may be a torsional component in lateral gaze. Studies have suggested that DBN is a pathologic central vestibular nystagmus caused by imbalance of the tonic activity of the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways. This disturbance of neural input and integration is thought to upset the usual balance of information that maintains fixation. It is hypothesized that an abnormal tone of the semicircular canal reflexes in the sagital plane causes a nystagmus of primary position with a slow vertical drift of the eye away from a target, and a fast saccade returning the eye to the target (7). For example, a reduction in a tonic inhibitory stimulus to the superior rectus or an increase in a tonic excitatory stimulus to the inferior rectus could cause an upward drift of the eye, and than a downward corrective saccade, to produce DBN.

58. ClinicalTrials.gov - Linking Patients To Medical Research: Browse: N studies). 90. Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (453 studies). 91. nystagmus,Congenital (1 study). 92. nystagmus, pathologic (3 studies). http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/screen/BrowseAny?recruiting=false&path=/bro

59. ClinicalTrials.gov - Linking Patients To Medical Research: Browse: N 84. Nutrition Disorders (32 studies recruiting). 85. Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases(183 studies recruiting). 86. nystagmus, pathologic (1 study recruiting). http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/screen/BrowseAny?recruiting=true&path=/brow

60. Le Traitement Médical Des Blocages (Spielmann 1978) pathologic typesof Esotropias in nystagmus (nystagmus with Esotropias, Esotropias with http://orthoptie.net/jfo/jfo10/spielmann78.html

LE TRAITEMENT MÉDICAL DES BLOCAGES A. SPIELMANN (Nancy) Résumé : Les ésotropies par blocage répondent à différents types pathogéniques : 1) Le nystagmus (nystagmus avec ésotropie, ésotropies avec blocage de nystagmus). 2) Le strabisme accommodatif. 3) Le strabisme de fuite 4) La contracture secondaire à la parésie d'un externe plus ou moins récupérée. 5) Le microstrabisme décompensé. 6) Le pseudo-blocage des cyclotropies. Le traitement médical vise à améliorer les conditions sensorielles (phénomènes compensateurs sensoriels) : vision, binocularité, fusion. Les prismes, les occlusions, les exercices de fusion sont de bons adjuvants médicaux mais la correction optique exacte de l'hypermétropie et de la myopie reste le seul traitement médical indispensable et parfois suffisant de ces ésotropies par blocage. Mots-Clés : Ésotropie, Blocage, Nystagmus, Traitement médical, Strabisme accommodatif, Diplopiaphobia, Paralysie du Droit Externe, Cyclotropie, Compensation sensorielle, Prisme, Occlusion, Orthoptie, Correction optique Summary : The "blockage syndrome", may be found in different pathologic types of Esotropias : in Nystagmus (Nystagmus with Esotropias, Esotropias with Nystagmus compensation syndrome) in refractive Accommodative Esotropias, in diplopiaphobia, in Esotropias with rectus primary abducens paralysies, in decompensated microstrabismus, in the pseudo-blockage syndrome of cyclotropia. The medical treatment aims to improve the sensorial conditions (sensorial compensation of Nystagmus) : vision, binocularity, fusion. Prisms, occlusions, orthoptics are good medical aids, but the exact optic correction of hypermetropia and of myopia is the only necessary and sometimes sufficient medical treatment in those cases of Esotropia with a blockage syndrome.

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