61. Meniere's Disease herniated to ampulla Cupola activation - Vertigo develop pathologic CHANGES Cochlear posturaladjustment Lermoyez's syndrome nystagmus Irritative nystagmus http://madang.ajou.ac.kr/~ajouorl/meniere.htm

Meniere's Disease Presented by Jin-Suk Lee M.D. HISTOLOGICAL REVIEW AND DEFINITIONS Proper Meniere 1861 A syndrome consisting of continueous or intermittent head noise accompany by diminition of hearing and intermittent attacks of vertigo , uncertain gait and falling accompanied by nausea, vomitting and syncope. AAOO ( American Academy of Opttamology and Otolaryngology ) 1972 A disease of membranous inner ear characterized by deafness, vertigo and usually tinnitus and has as its pathologic correlate hydropic disease of the endolymphatic hydrops. Deafness : Fluctuating and sensoryneural hearing loss Vertigo : Episodic frequently accompaning nausea and vomiting AAO-HNS 1985 Restrictive and include only those cases with the full complement of classic symptoms and f findings of the presumed to result for idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops. Meniere's syndrome VS Meniere's disease Syndrome : collection of symptoms without necessarily implying knowledge of etiology, pathology or a clear course of treatment. Disease : Idiopathic endolympatic hydrops INCIDENCE 2.4 milliopn peoples in U.S.A.

62. Empediatrics6 Latent. benign, never pathologic. only seen on monocular gaze. fast phase towarduncovered eye. in reality, most of these have a fine nystagmus at all times. http://mail.ml.usoms.poznan.pl/eyemanual/empediatrics6.htm

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Online Eye Manual / Pediatric Ophthalmology 6. Neuroophthalmology CN palsies Horner's syndrome Hydrocephalus Nystagmus ... Optic neuritis CN palsies congenital IIIrd maldevelopment, intrauterine injury, or birth trauma 1/2 of all IIIrd palsies in children usually one eye and isolated with ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and pupil involved usually dilated but may be miotic with aberrant regeneration esp with adduction other than birth trauma, most are permanent IVth common, compensated until later in life VIth unilateral isolated finding rare and usually due to birth trauma most common congenital disorder with VI nerve is Mobius and Duane’s syndromes often is transient acquired VI differential includes myasthenia gravis, myositis, and trauma benign usually recover by two months, otherwise image can be recurrent and even in other eye pseudotumor cerebri pontine glioma will develop other signs usually within two weeks of onset INO, gaze palsies, VII nerve dysfunction posterior fossa tumors Horner’s syndrome in infantile cases, the third order neuron may degenerate transynaptically, so always investigate the second order neurons

63. Vertigo Index pathologic or Mal. Amer. Journ. of Otology, 1994, 2 173176. LEDOUX A., DEVOSJ. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Rotatory Induced nystagmus. Adv. http://www.euronet.be/mumedia/vertigo1.htm

Vertigo Cette page comprend les dernières publications de grands spécialistes ORL ("les Pèlerins"), ainsi que les références de leurs anciennes publications. Ces dernières sont disponibles sur simple demande auprès de MUMEDIA: alain.van.malderen@euronet.be Nouvelles Publications : Dr. R. BONIVER " Nystagmus Paroxystiques bénins: Etat actuel de la question." Anciennes Publications : Procédure de recherche Cliquez ici , puis tapez CTRL-F et indiquez dans la cellule de saisie l'auteur ou le sujet désiré. ANASTASOPOULOS D., LEMPERT T., GIANNA C., GRESTY M.A., BRONSTEIN A.M. Horizontal Otolith Ocular Responses to Lateral Translation in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Acta Otolaryng. (Stockh.), 1997, 117, 468-471. ASCHAN G. The Pathogenesis of Positional Nystagmus. Acta Oto-Laryngol. Stockholm, 1961, 159 : 90-93. BARBER H.O., WRIGHT G. Positional Nystagmus in Normals. Adv. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol., 1973, 69 : 276-285. BONIVER R,DEMANEZ J.P.,LENNES G.

64. 99. Jahrestagung Der DOG 2001: Surgical Nystagmus Treatment - Clinical And Elect Of the 29 patients had neutral zone of nystagmus to the right compensatory head posture,without higher refractive errors and without pathologic fundus changes http://www.dog.org/2001/abstract-german/Celic-e.htm

Abstract 99. Jahrestagung der DOG, 29. 9. - 2. 10. 01 im ICC, Berlin Anmeldung zur Tagung Registration Grußwort Invitation ... Impressum Surgical Nystagmus Treatment - clinical and electronystagmographic Observations in congenital Nystagmus Celic M., Dorn V. Patients and Methods: The study is retrospective analysis of clinical and electornystagmografic (ENG) findings of 47 patients with congenital ocular nystagmus mostly without strabismus and with nystagmus neutral zone in horizontal direction operated in our ophthalmological department during 33 years, from 1967 to 2000. The clinical findings, head position, nystagmus "null point", ocular deviation, visual acuity and binocular vision were before and after treatment analysed. Electronystagmographic assessment for the part of patients, included the morphologic analysis of nystagmus, neutral zone and nystagmus intensity, depending on eye position before and afer surgery was also performed. Results: The majority of patients was treated at the age of eight. Nystagmus neutral zone was in horizontal direction in 29 patients. Less pronounced oblique head tilt had 18 patients. Of the 29 patients had neutral zone of nystagmus to the right side, 16 had neutral zone to the left. The majority of patients was operated according to Anderson (27). All patients had the refractive errors. The hypermetropic astigmatism was the most frequent. Binocular visual acuity 6/10 - 6/8 in compensatory head tilt, before the surgery had 13 patients and after surgery it has been acchieved in 34 patients in straight ahead position or in smaller compensatory head posture.

65. ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ½Å°æ°ú °­ÀÇ ³ëÆ® pathologic crying (dominant). pathologic laughing. (eg) Pseudobulbar palsy. (9) Memory. ? 3 types ; conjugate eye movement. nystagmus. paralysis of individual EOM. http://www.neuro.onnet.co.kr/dmc/lecture/lecture.html

Keimyung Univ. Dept. of Neurology DMC THE NEUROLOGIC EVALUATION J. G. LIM. Mar. 1997 A. History B. General Physical Examination C. Neurologic Examination 1. Mental Status Examination (1) Consciousness alert drowsy stupor coma (2) Speech (cf) language function : comprehension, formation, transmission of ideas and feelings +- Dysarthria (±¸À½Àå¾Ö) +- Dysphasia (ºÎÀü½Ç¾î) * 3 main language area (dominant hemisphere) ¨ç post one third of the first temporal convolution (area 41, 42) (Wernicke area) ¨è angular convolution (area 39) ¨é inferior frontal convolution (area 44) (Broca's area) * Clinical feature of aphasia Type of aphasia Fluency Comprehension Repetition Naming Motor ¡é N ¡é ¡é Sensory N ¡é ¡é ¡é Conduction N N ¡é ¡é Anomic N N N ¡é Global ¡é ¡é ¡é ¡é (3) Orientation time ;

66. Multiple Sclerosis Abstracts: 10c-2g Ataxia, Whipple's Disease, and Chiari Malformation, abolishes nystagmus and improves ObjectiveTo determine the pathologic basis of areas not exhibiting signal http://www.albany.net/~tjc/abstr10c-2g.html

MS Abstracts 10c-2g 10 Abstracts Susac Syndrome: MicroAngiopathy of the Retina, Cochlea and Brain Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;28(5):373-81 Multiple Sclerosis: symptomatic treatment Curr Treat Options Neurol 1999 Jul;1(3):221-238 Multiple Sclerosis: ImmunoTherapy Curr Treat Options Neurol 1999 Jul;1(3):201-220 Acquired Nystagmus Curr Treat Options Neurol 1999 Mar;1(1):68-73 Acute Optic Neuritis Curr Treat Options Neurol 1999 Mar;1(1):44-48 Immunological time-course of gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesions in Multiple Sclerosis Eur Neurol 2000 Nov;44(4):222-228 Eur Neurol 2000 Nov;44(4):205-209 Immune ablation and Stem-Cell therapy in AutoImmune Disease: clinical experience Arthritis Res 2000;2(4):276-280 A pathology-MRI study of the short-T component in formalin-fixed Multiple Sclerosis Brain Neurology 2000 Nov 28;55(10):1506-1510 MTR and T provide complementary information in MS NAWM, but not in lesions Mult Scler 2000 Oct;6(5):327-31 Additional Abstracts Newer Older Susac Syndrome: MicroAngiopathy Of The Retina, Cochlea And Brain Saw VP, Canty PA, Green CM, Briggs RJ, Cremer PD, Harrisberg B, McCluskey P, O'Day J, Paine M, Wakefield D, Watson JD

67. Multiple Sclerosis Abstracts: 06c-2g1 Anisotropy) of water Diffusion in vivo and detects pathologic changes in MS But NotVigabatrin Is Effective In The Treatment Of Acquired nystagmus In Multiple http://www.albany.net/~tjc/abstr06c-2g1.html

MS Abstracts 6c-2g1 12 Abstracts Injectable medication for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: the influence of self-efficacy expectations and injection anxiety on adherence and ability to self-inject Ann Behav Med 2001 Spring;23(2):125-32 Interferon-beta-1a treatment modulates Th1 expression in R/R Multiple Sclerosis delta T-Cells J Clin Immunol 2001 May;21(3):200-9 Immune responses against the Myelin/Oligodendrocyte GlycoProtein in Experimental AutoImmune DeMyelination J Clin Immunol 2001 May;21(3):155-70 Investigation of MS Normal-Appearing Brain using Diffusion Tensor MRI with clinical correlations Neurology 2001 Apr 10;56(7):926-33 Gabapentin but not Vigabatrin is effective in the treatment of acquired Nystagmus in Multiple Sclerosis: how valid is the GABAergic hypothesis? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001 Jul;71(1):107-10 LFA-1 expression on CD4 J Neurol Sci 2001 May 1;186(1-2):65-73 Apoptosis in Neurons exposed to CerebroSpinal Fluid from patients with Multiple Sclerosis or acute PolyRadiculoNeuropathy J Neurol Sci 2001 May 1;186(1-2):31-6 Sjogren's Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis Neurologia 2001 May;16(5):232-235

68. Untitled the ocular motility is normal. In ocular nystagmus, there is a pathologic. conditionaffecting the ocular apparatus. 2. In central vestibular nystagmus,. http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~ajo/ANS/hart/lecture03.html

69. Member Sign In Interpretation. Postheadshake nystagmus is considered a pathologic signof imbalance in the vestibular inputs in the plane of rotation. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/422863_3

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70. Member Sign In with dementia, confusion or lethargy, cranial nerve deficit, and nystagmus withor without focal neurologic symptoms. At autopsy, pathologic findings include http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410074_print

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71. DeCS - Changed Terms NIEMANNPICK DISEASE, NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. nystagmus, nystagmus,pathologic. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS, OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES. http://decs.bvs.br/I/rep_i2000.htm

72. Contents Of RSNA 1993 Radiologic Findings in nystagmus; HighResolution MR Cisternography for of the GastrointestinalTract with Endoscopic, Radiographic, and pathologic Correlation; http://www.radiology.mgh.mcgill.ca/cont-009.html

Contents of RSNA 1993 Selected Award-Winning Scientific Exhibits Congenital Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava and Associated Vascular Structures Endovascular Stent-Graft Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Gut Abnormalities of Rotation: Imaging Spectrum of Unusual Twists in Children Sonography of Pancreatic Disease in Infants and Children Neoplastic and Inflammatory Processes Involving the Ureter Prenatal Sonographic Evaluation of Nonretroperitoneal Abdominal Abnormalities Pathways of Nodal Metastases of Pelvic Tumors: CT Demonstration Common Pitfalls of Endovaginal Color Flow Imaging Prostate Biopsy Decisions: When, Where and How Multimodality Assessment of Extraarticular Complications of Hemophilia Musculoskeletal Causes of Spinal Canal Compromise: Beyond the Usual Suspects Plantar Plate: Normal MR Anatomy and Plain Film Arthrography Evaluation Percutaneous Laser Decompression of the Lumbar Disk Guided by a Combination of Fluoroscopy and CT MR Imaging of Congenital Clubfoot Initial Experience with Lethal Injection of Stabilized Tc-99m Exametazime (HMPAO): Patterns and Pitfalls CT Imaging of Normal and Abnormal Laryngeal Cartilage in Adults MR Imaging of Migrational Disorders Imaging of Acquired Intracranial Herniations Color Doppler Imaging in Traumatic Neck Injuries CT Evaluation of the Postoperative Temporal Bone Imaging Characteristics of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Radiologic Findings in Nystagmus High-Resolution MR Cisternography for Depicting Inner Ear Anatomy Cerebellopontine Angle and Internal Auditory Canal Lipoma: MR Imaging Features

73. AOJ 49: 23-25 "Visual Training And Reading" discussing whether a saccade, vestibular or pursuit movement is normal or pathologic. presenceor absence of spontaneous and gazeevoked nystagmus were also http://www.aoj.org/abstracts/49/49_23.html

Am Orthopt J Visual Training and Reading Creig S. Hoyt, M.D. INTRODUCTION It would seem difficult to find fault with the concept of "training" biological systems to maximize their normal function. It would seem equally valid to see training as a way to address inherent weaknesses within biological systems that may lead to physiologic disability. These general principles, however, need to be looked at carefully before applying them to the reading disabled student. In the case of the oculomotor system one must first define what eye movements are essential for the task under consideration. Having done so, one needs to then investigate whether abnormalities of these systems account for the disability experienced by the group of patients under study. In this presentation I shall assume that our primary concern is for the task of reading and not hand-eye coordination as it relates to athletic activities or other non-reading tasks said by some to be enhanced by eye exercises or training. NORMAL EYE MOVEMENT FUNCTION NECESSARY FOR READING THE LEARNING DISABLED CHILD In order to determine if there is an ocular motor abnormality(s) associated with a specific learning disability, a large study group must be assessed with objective eye movement recordings and an age-matched control group performing academically well must be studied in exactly the same fashion. A case can be made that no such studies have thus far been completed. However, a couple of noteworthy small studies should be cited.

74. Katalog - Wirtualna Polska Serwis Katalog w Wirtualna Polska S.A. pierwszy portal w Polsce. http://katalog.wp.pl/DMOZ/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Eye_Disorders/Nystagmus

Poczta Czat SMS Pomoc Szukaj.wp.pl: -Katalog -Polskie www -¦wiatowe www -Wirtualna Polska -FTP/Pliki -Grupy dyskusyjne -Encyklopedia -Produkty wp.pl Katalog Katalog ¦wiatowy DMOZ ... Conditions and Diseases > Eye Disorders Fakty o Katalogu Pomoc Regulamin Serwis szukaj ... Ostatnio dodane NAWIGACJA Fakty o katalogu Pomoc Regulamin Serwis Szukaj ... FAQ Dodaj stronê Katalog WP Polskie Strony WWW Oferta dla firm WP-HIT ... Wirtualna Polska

75. Eye Movements nystagmus Network, This site, providess basic information on thecondition and articles on specific aspects of nystagmus, an eye http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0015413L0015413.html

Eye Movements [up] Eye Movements / instrumentation Eye Movements / software Related topics: broader Movement other Evoked Potentials, Visual Motor Activity Nystagmus, Pathologic Vision ... Eye simulation application A UK mirror of the UC Davis School of Medicine Eye Simulation, hosted by the Clinical Biomedical Computing Unit, Cambridge University. The application, developed by a first year medical student at UC Davis, "simulates eye motion and demonstrates the effects of disabling one or more of the 12 eye muscles and one or more of the 6 cranial nerves that control eye motion." An interactive quiz is also available. Aimed at medical students and health professionals, aiming to teach about how eye motion changes with the pathology of the cranial nerves and eye muscles, and what they should be looking for in a neurological exam. Macromedia Shockwave Plug-in is needed to view this application. Eye Eye Movements Teaching Materials Nystagmus Network This site, providess basic information on the condition and articles on specific aspects of nystagmus, an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements. There is a section of FAQs, and information on the activities and publications of the group. Charities Eye Movements Great Britain Nystagmus, Pathologic

76. 2pPP10 Eye-closed Positional And Positioning Nystagmus In An Abnormal The findings were (1) Essentially, the occurrence rate of pathologicnystagmus was higher in the abnormal population than normals. http://www.auditory.org/asamtgs/asa93ott/2pPP/2pPP10.html

ASA 125th Meeting Ottawa 1993 May 2pPP10. Eye-closed positional and positioning nystagmus in an abnormal population-A comparison with two previous normative data studies. Yea-Wen Shiau Bobert W. Keith Laura W. Kretschmer Myles Pensake Ernest M. Weiler Dept. of Commun. Sci. and Disord., Univ. of Cincinnati, 332 Braunstein, ML #379, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0379

77. Nystagmus . The eyes play a critical role in maintaining balance....... nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologicproblem. http://www.hendrickhealth.org/healthy/000979.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Nystagmus Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Rhythmic, oscillating motions of the eyes are called nystagmus. The to-and-fro motion is generally involuntary. Vertical nystagmus occurs much less frequently than horizontal nystagmus and is often, but not necessarily, a sign of serious brain damage. Nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem. Description The eyes play a critical role in maintaining balance. They are directly connected to other organs of equilibrium, most important of which is the inner ear. Paired structures called the semicircular canals deep in the skull behind the ears sense motion and relay that information to balance control centers in the brain. The eyes send visual information to the same centers. A third set of sensors consists of nerve endings all over the body, particularly in joints, that detect position. All this information is integrated to allow the body to navigate in space and gravity. It is possible to fool this system or to overload it with information so that it malfunctions. A spinning ride at the amusement park is a good way to overload it with information. The system has adapted to the spinning, expects it to go on forever, and carries that momentum for some time after it is over. Nystagmus is the lingering adjustment of the eyes to tracking the world as it revolves around them.

78. Pathologic Myopia pathologic myopia. As a former pediatrician, the history of personality changing andnystagmus definitely suggests a neurological process in my opinion. As dr. http://med-aapos.bu.edu/publicinfo/store4/Pathologicmyopia8.14PM.html

Pathologic myopia This response submitted by RW Enzenauer, MD on 2/8/00. Nina's is an intriguing case. As a former pediatrician, the history of personality changing and nystagmus definitely suggests a neurological process in my opinion. As dr. bowen suggested, the nsytagmus can be associated with poor vision or can be a sign of a greater, overall central neurological process. with -13.00 refractive error, the child DEFINITELY needs the glasses. Like Dr. Bowen suggested, I also often undercorrect kids with myopia on the understanding that what a 13 month old needs to see is within 3 feet or so anyway, and a recued accomodative effort might slow the progression and would most definitely not hasten the progression of the myopia. I personally would check her every 2-3 months to make sure that you keep "on top of " this unusual refractive error, whether itis getting better, getting worse, or staying the same. In cases like your daugher's, I often seek the evaluation of a good pediatric neurologist or a pediatric developmental pediatric specialist to make sure that there aren't any subtle neuro-developmental problems that might be missed by the pediatric ophthalmologist or general pediatrician. A child with -13.00 myopia needs to be watched closely, since their best vision, even with the appropriate glasses is oftenlimited (because of degenearation of the retina), and they also have a higher risk for retinal holes and retinal detachment.

79. NYSTAGMUS Brain 9920734. Alpert JN, (1974) Failure of fixation suppression a pathologiceffect of vision on caloric nystagmus. Neurology 24 891-896, 1974. http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/practice/nystagmus.html

NYSTAGMUS Under Construction Timothy C. Hain, MD Education Index Search this site Nystagmus is defined as involuntary movement of the eyes. Most frequently it is composed of a mixture of slow and fast movements of the eyes. Nystagmus can occur normally, such as when tracking a visual pattern. Nystagmus may also be abnormal, usually in situations where one would want the eyes to be still, but they are in motion. Vertigo (a sensation of spinning), is often accompanied by nystagmus. The following material attempts to illustrate and describe nystagmus subtypes. SPONTANEOUS NYSTAGMUS Vestibular imbalance nystagmus Acquired pendular nystagmus Horizontal Vertical See-saw Congenital Nystagmus Latent nystagmus (LN) Pendular type Jerk type Convergence/Retraction nystagmus Divergence nystagmus Periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) Central nystagmus (downbeat, upbeat nystagmus, horizontal, torsional) Saccadic Nystagmus EVOKED NYSTAGMUS Gaze evoked nystagmus (GEN) Symmetrical GEN Asymmetrical GEN Rebound nystagmus Head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) Caloric nystagmus Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) Positional Nystagmus Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Central positional nystagmus Positional alcohol nystagmus Miscellaneous rare causes Typical appearance of vestibular type spontaneous nystagmus.

80. OCULAR FIXATION References Alpert JN, (1974) Failure of fixation suppression a pathologiceffect of vision on caloric nystagmus. Neurology 24 891896, 1974. http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/practice/fixation.html

OCULAR FIXATION Impaired Fixation Suppression The diagnosis of impaired fixation suppression is made by observing the effect of asking the subject to fix his eyes upon a clearly visible target, upon any ongoing nystagmus. The fixation index is the ratio of nystagmus peak slow-phase velocity with fixation to nystagmus intensity with fixation removed (e.g. complete darkness or eyes closed). For nystagmus induced by caloric input, Takemori and Cohen (Takemori and Cohen, 1974) found the normal mean fixation index to be 48 10 percent. Similarly, Alpert reported the normal humans had a fixation index between 60 and 70 (Alpert, 1974). However, it is questionable whether these value are appropriate normal values for several reasons. It seems likely that fixation index should increase with age, as the pursuit declines with age, but fixation data according to age are not available. Similarly, fixation suppression is probably affected by the many other variables which affect pursuit. It also seems likely that the efficiency of fixation is related to the intensity of nystagmus that one is attempting to suppress. Peripheral vestibular nystagmus is usually well suppressed by fixation. Congenital nystagmus and many varieties of central nystagmus are unaffected by or even increased by fixation. Nystagmus which is increased by fixation is called "fixation nystagmus".

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