41. The Nobel Prize In Physics 1997 Was Awarded For Development Of Methods To Cool A Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 nobel Prize in and Ecole NormaleSuperieure, Paris, France, and Dr. william D. phillips, National Institute http://www.sciner.com/ALO/nobel_physics97.htm

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor Steven Chu , Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, Professor Claude Cohen-Tannoudji , College de France and Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France, and Dr. William D. Phillips , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Atoms floating in optical molasses Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji , and William D. Phillips Slowing down atoms with photons Light may be described as a stream of particles, photons. Photons have no mass in the normal sense but, just like a curling stone sliding along the ice they have a certain momentum. A curling stone that collides with an identical stone can transfer all its momentum (mass times velocity) to that stone and itself become stationary. Similarly, a photon that collides with an atom can transfer all its momentum to that atom. For this to happen the photon must have the right energy, which is the same as saying that the light must have the right frequency, or colour. This is because the energy of the photon is proportional to the frequency of the light, which in turn determines the latter?s colour. Thus red light consists of photons with lower energy than those of blue light. Doppler cooling and optical molasses The slowing down effect described above forms the basis for a powerful method of cooling atoms with laser light. The method was developed around 1985 by

42. Laser Cooling Yields Nobel In Physics Steven Chu, Claude CohenTannoudji, and william D. phillips have been awarded the1997 nobel Prize in Physics for developing methods of using laser light to http://nasw.org/users/sperkins/phynobel.html

Laser cooling yields Nobel in physics (This story appeared on page 263 of the Oct. 25, 1997, Science News.) By Sid Perkins Science News Using high-intensity lasers to cool atoms may seem paradoxical, but it works and works well enough to earn a Nobel prize. Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. Phillips have been awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics for developing methods of using laser light to chill gases to within a few millionths of a degree of absolute zero. By probing atoms' behavior in this supercold realm, researchers have been able to observe odd quantum effects not apparent in the everyday world. Harnessing such effects may allow more accurate measurement of time and gravity. Because photons of light carry momentum, they alter the speed and direction of any atom with which they interact. In particular, an atom that repeatedly absorbs a photon head-on and then emits a similar photon in a random direction will be slowed considerably. This year's physics laureates devised ways of tapping the momentum in laser beams to slow atoms from room temperature, where they travel at speeds of a little more than a kilometer per second, to supercold conditions where atoms move at a glacial few centimeters per second (cm/s). Chu, now at Stanford University, developed a method of slowing atoms in 1985. He and his colleagues at Bell Laboratories in Holmdel, N.J., used an array of six lasers that converged at a single point in space to create a region they called "optical molasses." The researchers then steered sodium atoms into this space, where they became stuck.

43. Laser Cooling Traps The Nobel Prize Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 nobel Prize in ClaudeCohen Tannoudji,College de France, and Dr. william D. phillips, National Institute http://nasw.org/users/appell/articles/NobelPrize.html

Laser Focus World, Jan. 1998, p. 103. Laser cooling traps the Nobel Prize Laser cooling, William Phillips, and the joy and beauty of tabletop physics. "The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor Steven Chu, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, Professor Claude-Cohen Tannoudji, College de France, and Dr. William D. Phillips, National Institute of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light." - The Royal Academy of Sciences, October 15,1997 The twentieth century has seen a long succession of Nobel Prizes for fundamental work that has explained the nature of matter, radiation, and the interaction between the two. Planck's discovery of energy quanta, Einstein's exposition of its nature, and the understanding of the structure of the atom by a legendary group of physicists that includes Bohr, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, Pauli, and Dirac have all paved the way for the accomplishments of modern phvsics. Countless others have stood on their shoulders to develop entirely new fields of science, spawning new technologies at ever higher rates. About 25,000 patents were granted by the US Patent and Trademark Office in the year 1900; more than 120,000 were granted in 1996. The 1997 Nobel Prize for the development of laser cooling techniques is a direct descendent of this historical lineage and of one of its most remarkable products - the laser (see table on p. 104). Since the discovery of maser and laser theories and techniques by Townes, Prokorov, Basov, Schawlow, Gould, Maiman, and others, scientists have had an unprecedented tool with which to understand light and to probe matter. The discover that coherent, intense beams of light used in one arrangement to cut metal can be used in another to cool matter is another of its many delights and surprises. "In terms of the impact on science," says Harold Metcalf, professor of physics at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, "these developments have been enormous."

44. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1998) is to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se to cool Claude CohenTannoudjiand trap atoms with laser light william D. phillips 1998 1982 http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated October 1998 by Nathan Urban. Updated 1997,96 by PEG. Updated 1994 by SIC. Original by Scott I. Chase. The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1998) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se

45. Press Release: The Nobel Prize In Physics 1997 of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 nobel Prize in and École Normale Supérieure,Paris, France, and Dr. william D. phillips, National Institute of http://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/oldnobel/announcement-97/physics97.html

Information Further information is available at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Information Department, Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: info@kva.se , Website: www.kva.se This press release is also available in Swedish The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor Steven Chu , Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, Professor Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Dr. William D. Phillips , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Atoms floating in optical molasses Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji , and William D. Phillips Slowing down atoms with photons Doppler cooling and optical molasses The slowing down effect described above forms the basis for a powerful method of cooling atoms with laser light. The method was developed around 1985 by Steven Chu and his co-workers at the Bell Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey. They used six laser beams opposed in pairs and arranged in three directions at right angles to each other. Sodium atoms from a beam in vacuum were first stopped by an opposed laser beam and then conducted to the intersection of the six cooling laser beams. The light in all six laser beams was slightly red-shifted compared with the characteristic colour absorbed by a stationary sodium atom. The effect was that whichever direction the sodium atoms tried to move they were met by photons of the right energy and pushed back into the area where the six laser beams intersected. At that point there formed what to the naked eye looked like a glowing cloud the size of a pea, consisting of about a million chilled atoms. This type of cooling was named Doppler cooling.

46. Background On The Nobel Prize In Physics 1997 of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 nobel Prize in and École Normale Supérieure,Paris, France, and Dr. william D. phillips, National Institute of http://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/oldnobel/announcement-97/phyback97.html

Information Further information is available at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Information Department, Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: info@kva.se , Website: www.kva.se Additional background material on the Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor STEVEN CHU , Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, Professor CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI Dr. WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. This additional background material is written mainly for physicists. 1. Historical background Important early theoretical and experimental work on the action of photons on neutral atoms was made in the 1970's by V.S. Letokhov and other physicists in the USSR and in the group of A. Ashkin at Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, in the USA. Among other things, they suggested bending and focusing atomic beams and trapping atoms in focused laser beams. This early work has, for example, led to the development of "optical tweezers" that can manipulate living cells and other small objects. 2. Optical molasses

47. Fq - Prémios Nobel Da Física william D. phillips; http://atelier.uarte.mct.pt/fq/quem/nobelfis.htm

Temas disponíveis Ácido-base Astronomia Átomo Dinâmica Electricidade Energia Estado gasoso Laboratório Orgânica Precipitação Reacções Soluções Substâncias Quem? Tabelas Outros links Índice Menu principal quem? Páginas neste tema Bibliografia Biografias Prémios Nobel da Física Prémios Nobel da Química Prémios Nobel da Física Galardoados com o Prémio Nobel da Física, atribuído pela Fundação Nobel , para distinguir trabalhos de grande importância na investigação Física: 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull

48. DP/UHP Distinguished Lecture Series At GSU Dr. william D. phillips. degree at Juniata College and obtained his Ph.D. from MIT Itwas this accomplishment that caused Dr. phillips to be awarded the nobel http://bec01.phy.gasou.edu/lecture_series/

GSU 2002 DP/UHP Distinguished Lecture Series "Ultra-Cold Atoms and Quantum Computing" A series of lectures devoted to current studies of ultra-cold atoms and their possible use in quantum computational devices will be held in the Spring Semester of 2002 at Georgia Southern University. The Georgia Southern University (GSU) Department of Physics (DP) and University Honors Program (UHP) will present the DP/UHP Distiguished Lecture Series entitled "Ultra-Cold Atoms and Quantum Computing." Significant support for these events is also provided by the Allen E. Paulson College of Science and Technology and by the Campus Life Enrichment Committee. The speakers in this DP/UHP Distguished Lecture Series are: Dr. William D. Phillips (NIST) - March 1, 2002, Colloquium: "Optics with Laser-Like DeBroglie Waves," Performing Arts Lecture Hall, Nessmith-Lane Continuing Education Building, 2pm. Public Lecture: "Almost Absolute Zero: The Story of Laser Cooling and Trapping" Performing Arts Theatre, Nessmith-Lane Continuing Education Building, 7pm. Dr. Carl J. Williams

49. 41 Nobel Laureates Sign Against A War Without International Support In October 1999, 32 nobel laureates in physics urged the Senate to approve the ComprehensiveTest Ban Treaty, calling it central william D. phillips P. http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0128-01.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Published on Tuesday, January 28, 2003 by the New York Times 41 Nobel Laureates Sign Against a War Without International Support by William J. Broad Forty-one American Nobel laureates in science and economics issued a declaration yesterday opposing a preventive war against Iraq without wide international support. The statement, four sentences long, argues that an American attack would ultimately hurt the security and standing of the United States, even if it succeeds. The signers, all men, include a number who at one time or another have advised the federal government or played important roles in national security. Among them are Hans A. Bethe, an architect of the atom bomb; Walter Kohn, a former adviser to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency at the Pentagon; Norman F. Ramsey, a Manhattan Project scientist who readied the Hiroshima bomb and later advised NATO; and Charles H. Townes, former research director of the Institute for Defense Analyses at the Pentagon and chairman of a federal panel that studied how to base the MX missile and its nuclear warheads. In addition to winning Nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have received the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest science honor.

50. Phys Nobel List Translate this page Selective List of nobel Prize Winners in Physics and Chemistry. Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, william D. phillips 1996 David http://bengal.missouri.edu/~kosztini/courses/phys215-03/Phys_Nobel_List.html

Selective List of Nobel Prize Winners in Physics and Chemistry Physics Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips ... Ernest Rutherford

51. Nobel Prizes In Physics nobel Prizes in Physics. of superfluidity in helium3 1997 Steven Chu (USA, *1948)Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (France, *1933) william D. phillips (USA, *1948) for http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/diverse/bib/nobel_physik_e.html

Nobel Prizes in Physics Deutsche Version dieser Seite (Information not checked) (Germany, 1845-03-27 - 1923-02-10) Discovery of X rays Hendrik A. Lorentz (Netherlands, 1853-07-18 - 1929-02-04) Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands, 1865-05-25 - 1943-10-09) Henri A. Becquerel (France, 1852-12-15 - 1908-08-25) Marie Curie (France, Poland, 1867-11-07 - 1934-07-04) Pierre Curie (France, 1859-05-15 - 1906-04-19) Discovery of radioactivity Lord Rayleigh (United Kingdom) Philipp E. Lenard (Germany, 1862-06-07 - 1947-05-20) Joseph J. Thomson (United Kingdom, 1856-12-18 - 1940-04-30) Conduction of electricity in gases Albert A. Michelson (USA, 1852-12-19 - 1931-05-09) Measurement of the speed of light G. Lippmann (France) Karl Ferdinand Braun (Germany, 1850-06-06 - 1918-04-20) Guglielmo Marconi (Italy, 1874-04-25 - 1937-07-20) wireless telegraphy Johann D. van der Waals (Netherlands, 1837-11-23 - 1923-03-07) Molecular forces Wilhelm Wien (Germany, 1864-01-13 - 1928-08-30) Heat radiation (Sweden) H. Kamerlingh Onnes (Netherlands) Max von Laue (Germany, 1879-10-09 - 1960-04-24)

52. Premio Nobel De Física - Wikipedia Translate this page Ver enlace http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index.html. Störmer, Daniel C.Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, william D. phillips 1996 David http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel/Física

53. Singh Lecture Public invited nobel PRIZE LECTURER VISITS CLEMSON CLEMSON nobel Prizewinningphysicist william D. phillips will give a public lecture at 3 pm, Friday, Jan http://clemsonews.clemson.edu/WWW_releases/1999/January1999/Nobel_Prize_Lecturer

DATE: 1-4-99 CONTACT: Rajendra Singh, (864) 656-0919 Click here to e-mail above WRITER: Sandy Dees, (864) 656-4193 Click here to e-mail above Public invited NOBEL PRIZE LECTURER VISITS CLEMSON CLEMSON Nobel Prize-winning physicist William D. Phillips will give a public lecture at 3 p.m., Friday, Jan. 8, in the Self Auditorium of the Strom Thurmond Institute. A 4 p.m. reception will follow at the auditorium. The lecture, entitled "Almost Absolute Zero: The Story of Laser Cooling and Trapping," is based on the Nobel Prize lecture given in Stockholm in December 1997. The lecture is geared for the layperson and discusses some of the newest and most exciting developments in physics. Williams' work has led to a technology capable of cooling a gas of atoms to less than one millionth of a degree above absolute zero the coldest temperature in the universe. The technology is already being used in applications such as super-accurate atomic clocks and atom lasers. "We're pleased that our students and others will have the opportunity to meet a researcher of Dr. Phillips' caliber," said Rajendra Singh, the D. Houser Banks Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and president of the Clemson chapter of Sigma Xi, a scientific research society sponsoring the lecture. "We hope that our students will be inspired by what Dr. Phillips has accomplished," said Singh, himself a nationally recognized researcher.

54. Department Of Physics The Kay Malmstrom Lecture in physics for the year 2000 featured nobel Laureate Dr.william D. phillips of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. http://www.hamline.edu/~physics/pages/new/malm2000.html

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55. Premi Nobel Fisica Translate this page TSUI. 1997, STEVEN CHU - CLAUDE COHEN TANNOUDJI - william D. phillips.1996, DAVID M. LEE - DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF - ROBERT C. RICHARDSON. http://www.econofisica.com/premi nobel fisica.htm

ANNO PREMIATO ZHORES I. ALFEROV - HERBERT KROEMER JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY GERARDUS 'T HOOFT - MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN - HORST L. STORMER - DANIEL C. TSUI STEVEN CHU - CLAUDE COHEN TANNOUDJI - WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS DAVID M. LEE - DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF - ROBERT C. RICHARDSON MARTIN L. PERL - FREDERICK REINES BERTRAM N. BROCKHOUSE - CLIFFORD G. SHULL RUSSEL A. HULSE - JOSERPH H. TAYLOR JR GEORGES CHARPAK PIERRE-GILLES DE GENNES JEROME I. FRIEDMAN - HENRY W. KENDALL - RICHARD E. TAYLOR NORMAN F. RAMSEY - HANS G. DEHMELT - WOLFGANG PAUL LEON M. LEDERMAN - MELVIN SCHWARTZ - JACK STEINBERGER J. GEORG BEDNORZ - K. ALEXANDER MULLER ERNST RUSKA - GERD BINNIG - HEINRICH ROHRER KLAUS VON KLITZING CARLO RUBBIA - SIMON VAN DER MEER SUBRAMANYAN CHANDRASEKHAR - WILLIAM A. FOWLER KENNETH G. WILSON NICOLAAS BLOEMBERGEN - ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW - KAI M. SIEGBAHN JAMES W. CRONIN - VAL L. FITCH SHELDON L. GLASHOW - ABDUS SALAM - STEVEN WEINBERG

56. Stanford University Department Of Physics: Nobel Prize - Steven Chu The 1997 nobel Prize in Physics is shared by Steven Chu, the Theodore and Claude CohenTannoudjiof the College de France, and Dr. william D. phillips of the http://www.stanford.edu/dept/physics/people/nobel/chu.html

Professor Steven Chu Wins Nobel Prize in Physics For the third year in a row, the Stanford physics community has been honored by a Nobel Prize in Physics. Last year's co-recipient of the Nobel Prize was Professor Douglas Osheroff , and the year before, the Prize was awarded to Professor Martin Perl of SLAC. The 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by Steven Chu , the Theodore and Frances Geballe Professor of Physics and Applied Physics of Stanford University, Professor Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of the College de France, and Dr. William D. Phillips of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. More on this subject can be found in the Stanford News Services article. The complete list of Physics Nobel Prize Winners from Stanford is currently: Steven Chu, 1997 Douglas Osheroff, 1996

57. NYTimes.com Article Nobel Laureates Sign Against A War In October 1999, 32 nobel laureates in physics urged the Senate to approve the E.Palade M Arno A. Penzias P Martin L. Perl P william D. phillips P Norman F http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/avisosgerais/msg01681.html

58. Laureates And Space Wanderers: MIT Is Well-represented In Two Distinguished Fiel Robert B. Laughlin ’79 PhD. 1998 nobel Prize in Physics. * william D. phillips’76 PhD. 1997 nobel Prize in Physics. * Elias J. Corey Jr. ’48 PhD. http://www-tech.mit.edu/V119/N24/AlumniBox.24f.html

Laureates and Space Wanderers MIT is well-represented in two distinguished fields. MIT alumni/ae have accomplished a great many things throughout the years. Two notable areas which have seen a proliferation of MIT affiliates include Nobel Laureates and astronauts. MIT Nobel Laureates MIT Astronaut List This story was published on Tuesday, May 4, 1999. Volume 119, Number 24 Other options: Read other stories in this issue. Return to our home page

59. MIT Alumni Win Nobel Prizes In Physics, Economic Sciences william D. phillips PhD '76 received the nobel Prize in physics, and RobertC. Merton PhD '70 won the nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. http://www-tech.mit.edu/V117/N51/nobel.51n.html

MIT Alumni Win Nobel Prizes In Physics, Economic Sciences By Brett Altschul NEWS EDITOR This week, two MIT alumni were awarded Nobel Prizes for their work. William D. Phillips PhD '76 received the Nobel Prize in physics, and Robert C. Merton PhD '70 won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Merton, who is a professor at Harvard University, shared his prize with Myron S. Scholes of Stanford University. In collaboration with Fischer Black, who died in 1995, they developed the Black-Scholes formula for the value of derivatives. Merton improved on the original derivation of the formula, finding an alternate derivation. The new derivation was easy to apply to other kinds of investments, and Merton generalized the formula to cover a wide variety of options. "Thousands of traders and investors now use this formula every day to value stock options in markets throughout the world," said the prize citation. "I'm very pleased to win this," Merton said. "I'm glad my formula has gotten such widespread use," he said. Formula based on new principle In the past, attempts to calculate the value of derivatives involved a calculation of the risk involved in the investment.

60. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1997) is to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se of methods to coolClaude CohenTannoudji and trap atoms with laser light william D. phillips. http://www.weburbia.demon.co.uk/physics/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] updated 15-OCT-1997 by PEG updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1997) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se/

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