41. CLASS 378: Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius. Accession. When Antoninus Pius died, marcus aureliuswas already in possession of the tribunician power and maius http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_378/Marcus.html

Marcus Aurelius Accession When Antoninus Pius died, Marcus Aurelius was already in possession of the tribunician power and maius imperium and had been acting as a full co-regent for years. Thus, at the first session of the senate after the death, the only thing that needed to be done after proclaiming Antoninus' deification was to the title Augustus and the office of pontifex maximus bestowed on the new emperor. But Marcus refused unless the full imperial honors were granted to his adoptive brother L. Ceionius Commodus. To this the senate acquiesced, and Marcus himself adopted the name "Antoninus" to perpetuate the memory of his adoptive father, while he bestowed on his brother his own birth name of Verus. Thus, the new co-emperor became known as Lucius Verus. To him Marcus betrothed his eldest daughter. (Born in 150, she would not be able to marry for several years yet.) This event was unheard of in all of Roman history. It is true that in the later period multiple Augusti are known, but if they were of equal status, there was a physical division of the empire among them. Otherwise, when there were two possesors of the tribunician power, one would have a definitely superior position. This is the only time that there were two equal Augusti operating throughout the empire. Yet, even at that, the two new emperors were not quite equal. Marcus was the elder by ten years, and seems to have made the important decisions himself. Though they issued decrees jointly in both their names, Marcus was clearly the guiding force.

42. Coins Of The Emperor Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius (AD 161 to 180) (Go to Coins) marcus aurelius wasborn in 121 AD, the son of Annius Verus who was the brother of http://www.usask.ca/antiquities/coins/marcus_aurelius.html

MARCUS AURELIUS (AD 161 to 180) (Go to Coins) Marcus Aurelius was born in 121 AD, the son of Annius Verus who was the brother of Faustina the Elder, wife of Antoninus Pius. Very early in his life he gained the favor of the emperor Hadrian who made him a Salian priest when only 8 and supervised his education. He was later adopted by Antoninus Pius and was married to his daughter, Faustina the Younger, in 145. With the birth of their first child in 146, he was designated as Pius’ partner in power when the emperor bestowed upon him tribunician and proconsular powers. Aurelius succeeded as emperor in 161 with the death of Antoninus Pius. Lucius Verus, who was also adopted by Pius, became emperor alongside Aurelius who insisted on having him as his colleague in power. Meditations which highlighted his high Stoic principles and survives to this day. Denarius (AD 161) Obverse: Head of Antoninus Pius, encircled by DIVVS ANTONINVS. Reverse: Eagle standing on altar, encircled by CONSECRATIO. Upon Marcus Aurelius’ succession, the past emperor Antoninus Pius was remembered for his deeds through his consecration. This coin type marks the historical event of Pius’ consecration ceremony. The obverse shows the head of Antoninus bare with the name DIVVS ANTONINVS, “the Deified Antoninus.” Its simplistic style which features his head bare is unusual for one who is being acknowledged as a god since gods are most often pictured wearing the radiate or laurel crown. The reverse shows an eagle standing upon an altar. The eagle was the bird of immortality, a minister of Jupiter which carried the souls of favored mortals to heaven. In consecration ceremonies a funeral pyre containing the emperor’s body was lighted and an eagle released from its summit as if to bear the emperor’s soul to heaven. The scene is surrounded by the legend CONSECRATIO which simply means “Consecration.”

43. Marcus Aurelius Translate this page marcus aurelius (121 - 180). Der römische Kaiser und Philosoph MarcusAurelius stammte aus einer Senatorenfamilie spanischer herkunft. http://www.philosophenlexikon.de/aurelius.htm

Begriffe Abaelard - Ayer Baader - Byron Cabanis - Czezowski Ebbinghaus - Ewald ... Geschichte der Philosophie Diskussion PhilTalk Philosophieforen Andere Lexika PhilLex -Lexikon der Philosophie Lexikon der griechischen Mythologie PhiloThek Bibliothek der Klassiker Zeitschriftenlesesaal Nachschlagewerke Allgemeine Information ... Dokumentenlieferdienste Spiele Philosophisches Galgenraten PhilSearch.de Shops PhiloShop PhiloShirt Service Kontakt Impressum eMail Marcus Aurelius (121 - 180) Philosoph Marcus Aurelius stammte aus einer Senatorenfamilie spanischer herkunft. Er wurde auf Hadrians Wunsch von seinem Onkel Antonius Pius adoptiert. Stoa Epiktets trat bei ihm die Ethik platonischen Gedanken. powered by Uwe Wiedemann

44. Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius Antoninus + Marcus Annius Verus + + + + Marc Aurel ++ + 161 180, Hauptseite/Main Page. Deutsch, English. marcus aurelius, http://www.niester.de/g_antike/roemer/kaiser/marcus_aurelius/marcus_aurelius.htm

Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus + Marcus Annius Verus + + + + Marc Aurel + + + Hauptseite/Main Page Deutsch English Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius ... The Stoic Emperor Erstellt am:

45. MotivationalQuotes.Com Presents Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor Information about marcus aurelius, Roman Emperor, and links to Internetresources about him. marcus aurelius marcus aurelius. marcus aurelius http://www.sperience.org/People/marcus.shtml

Marcus Aurelius was a Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 AD. Who loses a day loses life... Emerson Suggest a resource about Marcus Aurelius First Name Email Need a quote? LINKS Home Search this site Resources FREE! E-mail FREE! Motivating Lists Forums Interviews Music - CD Now ... Manufacturer's Closeouts! Books Music Classical Music DVDs VHS Video Games Electronics Software Kitchen Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius (121-180) was a Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 AD. He is best known for his Meditations . He was concerned with the social problems of the poor, the enlsaved, and the incarcerated. Ironically, he continued the persecution of the growing Christian population. He died of the plague while planning an excursion that would have extended the Roman Empire northwards. His son and successor, Commodus, abandoned those plans. Marcus Aurelius was one of the great philosophers who embraced Stoicism. He was influenced by Epicetus as a young man. Random Quote from Marcus Aurelius "If you are distressed by anything external, the pain is not due to the thing itself but to your own estimate of it; and this you have the power to revoke at any moment." Search the Database for Quotes Quotes by Marcus Aurelius Online Resources Biography Full text of The Meditations Short Biography of Marcus Aurelius Quotes from Bartlett's.

46. Marcus Aurelius Rome 'marcus aurelius' Marcus Annius Verus (AD 121 AD 180). It wason this occasion that he assumed the name marcus aurelius. The http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/marcaurelius.html

Roman Empire Home Page The Decline Chapter The Decline Portrait Gallery Roman Empire Children's Section Marcus Aurelius, Capitoline Museums, Rome 'Marcus Aurelius' Marcus Annius Verus (AD 121 - AD 180) Marcus Annius Verus was born at Rome on 26 April AD 121. His paternal great-grandfather, Annius Verus from Uccubi (near Corduba) in Baetica, had brough the family, wealthy through the production of olive oil, to prominence by gaining the rank of senator and praetor. After this, his paternal grandfather (also Marcus Annius Verus) held the office of consul three times. It was this grandfather who adopted Marcus Aurelius after his father's death, and at whose grand residence the young Marcus grew up. His father, also called Marcus Annius Verus, married Domitia Lucilla, cam came from a wealthy family which owned a tile factory (which Marcus would inherit) close to Rome. But he would die young, when his son was only about three years old. Early on in his life Marcus had the additional names 'Catilius Severus' to his name. This was in honour of his maternal step-grandfather who had been consul in AD 110 and 120. To complete the picture of Marcus' family ties, one needs also to mention his paternal aunt, Annia Galeria Faustina (Faustina the Elder), who was the wife of Anoninus Pius.

47. Emperor Marcus Aurelius Emperor marcus aurelius http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/marcaurelius-index.html

48. Meditations Marcus Aurelius Sun Tzu The Art Of War And Strategy Site By Sonshi.c Home, Sun Tzu, Temple, Purchase, About Us, Contact. marcus aurelius MEDITATIONS Translator Meric Casaubon FIRST BOOK. SECOND BOOK. THIRD BOOK. FOURTH BOOK. FIFTHBOOK. http://www.sonshi.com/meditations.html

Home Sun Tzu Temple Purchase ... Contact MARCUS AURELIUS "MEDITATIONS" Translator: Meric Casaubon FIRST BOOK SECOND BOOK THIRD BOOK FOURTH BOOK ... Site Map

49. The Marcus Aurelius Think Pages The marcus aurelius Think Pages. http://think.hyperjeff.net/Aurelius/

The Marcus Aurelius Think Pages Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 ... George Long and MH Morgan . These pages make use of the translation by Maxwell Staniforth

50. Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius - in full Caesar marcus aurelius Antoninus Augustus, originalname (until Ad 161) Marcus Annius Verus b. April 26, AD 121, Rome d. March 17 http://www.crystalinks.com/marcusaurelius.html

MARCUS AURELIS Marcus Aurelius- - in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus, original name (until Ad 161) Marcus Annius Verus b. April 26, AD 121, Rome d. March 17, 180, Vindobona [Vienna], or Sirmium, Pannonia Roman emperor (ad 161-180), best known for his Meditations on Stoic philosophy. Marcus Aurelius has symbolized for many generations in the West the Golden Age of the Roman Empire. Youth and apprenticeship.  When he was born, his paternal grandfather was already consul for the second time and prefect of Rome, which was the crown of prestige in a senatorial career; his father's sister was married to the man who was destined to become the next emperor and whom he himself would in due time succeed; and his maternal grandmother was heiress to one of the most massive of Roman fortunes. Marcus thus was related to several of the most prominent families of the new Roman establishment, which had consolidated its social and political power under the Flavian emperors (69-96), and, indeed, the ethos of that establishment is relevant to his own actions and attitudes. The governing class of the first age of the Roman Empire, the Julio-Claudian, had been little different from that of the late Republicit was urban Roman (despising outsiders), extravagant, cynical, and amoral; the new establishment, however, was largely of municipal and provincial originas were its emperorscultivating sobriety and good works and turning more and more to piety and religiosity.

51. Marcus Aurelius, Romans (Photo Archive) marcus aurelius. Roman Emperor Romans / Historical Persons. Photo galleryof 27 pictures for marcus aurelius . Prints of the http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/839_Marcus_Aurelius.html

Marcus Aurelius Roman Emperor Romans Historical Persons Photo gallery of 27 pictures for "Marcus Aurelius" Prints of the photographs read more here The pictures above are taken in the following locations: Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek Copenhagen Denmark (12 photographs) Palazzo dei Conservatori Capitoline Museums Campidoglio Rome ... Italy (6 photographs) Museo Archeologico Nazionale Naples Campania Italy (6 photographs) Palazzo Nuovo Capitoline Museums Campidoglio Rome ... Italy (3 photographs) Poster offers from AllPosters.com and BareWalls.com Putto Cacciatore unknown Buy at BareWalls.com Entrance to the Villa Borghese Marcato Buy at BareWalls.com Arc Triumphant I unknown Buy at BareWalls.com Site Search Quicklinks Front page About this site Prints and Slides Sitemap ... Comments! Backlinks Annia Faustina Antoninus Pius Arch of Constantine Arches of Marcus Aurelius ... Reliefs from an arch of Marcus Aurelius Site Highlights Hadrian's Villa Forum Romanum Arch of Constantine Paestum ... Segesta, Sicily Shopping Click here to buy posters! Buy art prints Shopping through the links above will help support this site.

52. Arches Of Marcus Aurelius, Rome (Photo Archive) Arches of marcus aurelius, Rome Two lost arches dedicated to emperormarcus aurelius. Arches of marcus aurelius. Two lost arches http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/1177_Arches_of_Marcus_Aurelius.html

Arches of Marcus Aurelius Two lost arches dedicated to emperor Marcus Aurelius Rome Italy Two ancient triumphal arches dedicated to the emperor Marcus Aurelius have been completely lost. Nothing is known about where they stood. The Capitoline Museum houses some reliefs from an arch of Marcus Aurelius Eight reliefs from the other arch are now on the Arch of Constantine , placed on the sides of the attic. Links LacusCurtius: Platner: A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome This page is linked under the names " Arches of Marcus Aurelius " and " Arcus M. Aurelii ". Last changed 2002-11-26 Poster offers from AllPosters.com and BareWalls.com Affresco Con Scena Di Pesca Buy at AllPosters.com Murals-Standing Figure Front Marco Carloni Buy at AllPosters.com Affresco con Giardino unknown Buy at BareWalls.com Site Search Quicklinks Front page About this site Prints and Slides Sitemap ... Triumphal Arches Site Highlights Hadrian's Villa Forum Romanum Arch of Constantine Paestum ... Segesta, Sicily Shopping Click here to buy posters! Buy art prints Shopping through the links above will help support this site.

53. Roman Emperor - Marcus Aurelius The Stoic philosopher marcus aurelius followed Antoninus Pius as emperor andwas followed by his own son Commodus. Roman Emperor marcus aurelius. http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/marcusaurelius/

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects A to Z COLOSSEUM Cleopatra Pictures WEAPONS WARFARE ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Roman Emperor - Marcus Aurelius The Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius followed Antoninus Pius as emperor and was followed by his own son Commodus. Marcus Aurelius Picture and brief identification of the last of the five good emperors. Meditations English translation of the philosophical writing of the emperor Marcus Aurelius. Philosophers Timeline Chronological list of Greek and Roman philosophers and mathematicians with dates. Alphabetical Imperial Index List of emperors sorted alphabetically and their dates, from De Imperatoribus Romanis.

54. MARCUS AURELIUS A marcus aurelius. (AD 121180). Books to Buy. • The Meditations of MarcusAurelius Antoninus And a Selection from the Letters of Marcus Fronto. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_aurelius.htm

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects A to Z COLOSSEUM Cleopatra Pictures WEAPONS WARFARE ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement A Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 121-180) Join the Discussion "'It is difficult to select anyone passage which summarizes Marcus' philosophy.' Can anyone here make a stab at capturing the essence of Marcus Aurelius' philosophy?" Marcus Aurelius Book Discussion Related Resources Marcus Aurelius Links Meditations Nerva Ancient History Glossary Books to Buy Graphics courtesy of Art Today The last of the five "good" emperors (A.D. 161-180), Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (born Marcus Annius Verus) followed Antoninus Pius and was followed by his own son Commodus. Known for the Stoic philosophy, Marcus Aurelius not only wrote his Meditations , but also waged wars. His reign marked the end of the Pax Romana.

55. Marcus Aurelius The Roman emperor marcus aurelius, 161180 AD A large (31 mm, half-dollarsize), thick, brass sestertius, struck 171 AD. Obverse http://www.math.montana.edu/~umsfwest/numis/marcus.html

The Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius , 161-180 AD A large (31 mm, half-dollar size), thick, brass sestertius , struck 171 AD. Obverse legend: M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXV The "M" is for "Marcus". The precise date is known by the "TRP XXV" in the legend which refers to the 25th year he held the power of the tribune, which was 171 AD. The reverse shows Victory inscribing "VIC GER" on a shield, which refers to victories over the Germans. The legend around is "IMP VI COS III", which refers to the 6th time he was acclaimed "Imperator" (something like "victorious commander-in-chief") and that he had been consul three times. Return to "What do people collect? Return to the beginning of page 1 of Ancient Roman and Greek Coins Return to the beginning of page 2 of Ancient Roman and Greek Coins

56. Marcus Aurelius Translate this page adoptationem legit, ut sibi Marcum Pius adoptaret, ita tamen ut et Marcus sibi Lucium 5Tunc primum pro Annio Aurelius coepit vocari, quod in Aureliam, hoc est http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sha/marcant.shtml

VITA MARCI ANTONINI PHILOSOPHI IULI CAPITOLINI XV. 1 Fuit autem consuetudo Marco, ut in circensium spectaculo legeret audiretque ac suscriberet. ex quo quidem saepe iocis popularibus dicitur lacessitus. 2 Multum sane potuerunt liberti sub Marco et Vero Geminus et Agaclytus. 3 Tantae autem sanctitatis fuit Marcus, ut Veri vitia et celaverit et defenderit, cum ei vehementissime displicerent, mortuumque eum divum appellaverit amitasque eius et sorores honoribus et salariis decretis sublevaverit atque provexerit sacrisque eum plurimis honoraverit. 4 Flaminem et Antoninianos sodales et omnes honores, qui divis habentur, eidem dedicavit. 5 Nemo est principum, quem non gravis fama perstringat, usque adeo ut etiam Marcus in sermonem venerit, quod Verum vel veneno ita tulerit, ut parte cultri veneno lita vulvam inciderit venenatam partem fratri edendam propinans et sibi innoxiam reservans, 6 vel certe per medicum Posidippum, qui ei sanguinem intempestive dicitur emisisse. Cassius post mortem Veri a Marco descivit. Historia Augusta The Latin Library The Classics Page

57. Notes On Marcus Aurelius Notes on marcus aurelius. Bruce MacLennan. I. Some Important Stoics. A. Predecessorsto Stoicism. F. Epictetus (60117 CE). G. marcus aurelius (121-180 CE). II. http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/Classes/US220/Marcus-Aurelius-Outline.html

Notes on Marcus Aurelius Bruce MacLennan I. Some Important Stoics A. Predecessors to Stoicism Heraclitus (fl. 500 BCE) Socrates (469-399 BCE) Cynics Antisthenes (fl. 406 BCE) Diogenes of Sinope (412-323 BCE) B. Zeno of Citium (335-265 BCE) C. Chrysippus (280-208 BCE) D. Cicero (106-43 BCE) E. Seneca (4 BCE-65 CE) F. Epictetus (60-117 CE) G. Marcus Aurelius (121-180 CE) II. Review: Philosophy as a Way of Life See item I.C in "Notes on Lucretius" III. The Stoic Way of Life A. Goals of Wisdom: 1. Serenity ( Joy ( ) as opposed to Pleasure ( Autonomy ( The mind as impregnable citadel ( acropolis ) [VIII.48] (3. "Cosmic Consciousness" – Hadot) B. which are achieved by Living in Harmony with Nature C. which is achieved by Concentration on the Present Moment Only the present moment is in our control, and only in respect to judgment, desire and intention. It requires mastery by reason over the feelings, which are distracting. The sage displays perfect absence of passion ( A profound feeling of participation in Nature. The perfection of the moment depends on its quality, not on its quantity (duration).

58. Museum Conservation: Current Projects - Marcus Aurelius(Getty Conservation) Conserving an ancient statue of marcus aurelius. Activities /, marcus aureliusConserving an Ancient Sculpture A project of the J. Paul Getty Museum, http://www.getty.edu/conservation/activities/aurelius/

Project Overview and Project Objectives Project Partners and Team Members Starting the Project Treatment ... Conservation Today See also: Museum Conservation: Hispanic Society Partnership Activities Marcus Aurelius: Conserving an Ancient Sculpture A project of the J. Paul Getty Museum Conservation Video: Antiquities Conservator Jerry Podany Discusses Conservation. (5:10) Visit the Exhibition: ... A Conservation Partnership Conservators applying modern synthetic fill material and beginning the process of in-painting to visually unify the statue in the conservation studio at the Getty. Project Overview This collaborative project between the Pergamon Museum in Berlin and the J. Paul Getty Museum explores the complexities and challenges of conserving ancient sculpture. The goal was to stabilize and preserve a marble statue of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius. In 1998, the J. Paul Getty Museum began a collaborative project with the Pergamon Museum in Berlin to conserve an important, life-size, ancient sculpture in their collection. The statue, a partially preserved first-century body with a second-century head of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, originally came from the 17th-century collection of the Villa Montalto Negroni in Rome, Italy. It was then acquired by the Royal Cabinet collection of Berlin in 1791, and eventually displayed in the Pergamon Museum at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1997, the department of Antiquities Conservation at the Getty had just finished the conservation treatment of the

59. Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius (161 180). marcus aurelius okamžite jmenoval spoluvladaremLucia Vera, rovnež adoptovaného Antoninem Piem. http://www.gml.cz/stud/antika/ma.htm

Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180) Seneca , ani Epiktétos nehlásali tak naléhavì a pøesvìdèivì tvrdou morálku, nutnost spoléhat sám na sebe a starat se o druhé. Marcus byl fatalista, možná k tomu trochu pøispìla i mandragora, kterou užíval. Poctivì a dùslednì pøenášel své zásady lidskosti a slušnosti do celého svého životního stylu. Oèekávaný konflikt s Parthií skuteènì v roce 162 nastal, na východ byl vyslán Lucius Verus. K posílení øímských vojsk na východì byly vyslány i legie z rýnského a hlavnì z dunajského prostoru. Øímané dosáhli pøesvìdèivého vítìzství, obnovili svou prestiž v Arménii, ohrožované parthskou invazí a do rukou vojsk padla i mìsta Seleukie a Ktesifon. Verus mìl na tìchto vítìzstvích jen symbolický podíl, hlavní tíži operací nesl vynikající velitel Avidius Cassius, který se v letech 165 - 166 stal legátem v Sýrii. Roku 166 Verus, bez ohledu na své skuteèné zásluhy, slavil v Øímì triumf. Pøibližnì v dobì, kdy konèilo východní tažení, došlo v jiné èásti pohranièních zemí k další události, která ohlašovala trvalou pøemìnu svìtové scény. Pøes horní, støední i dolní tok Dunaje se zaèaly valit v mohutných výpadech Germáni i pøíslušníci jiných kmenù. Kmeny opouštìly své bažinaté lesní mýtiny a smìøovaly do bohatších zemích za øímskou hranicí. Dalším impulsem byl s nejvìtší pravdìpodobností pohyb Gótù, kteøí se vydali ze svých tehdejších sídel na Visle jihovýchodním smìrem a s sebou strhávali do pohybu další kmeny. Na øíšské území se draly kmeny Markomanù, Kvádù, Hermundurù, Naristové, Lugiové, Burové, Jazygové, Alanové, Roxolani a další. Války, které z tìchto pøesunù nastaly jsou oznaèovány jako Markomanské, podle kmene, který nesl hlavní tíži bojù.

60. Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius was Emperor from 161 to 180 AD No ruler ever cameto power with higher ideals and purposes. marcus aurelius could http://tracingboard.com/marcus_aurelius.htm

Home Up New Atlantis William Preston ... Aten [ Marcus Aurelius ] Marcus Aurelius Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 ... Book 12 Marcus Aurelius was Emperor from 161 to 180 A.D. No ruler ever came to power with higher ideals and purposes. Marcus Aurelius could be considered the first Freemason. His famous work The Meditations could be considered the source of Masonic morality. He, like Albert Pike , saw the need for morality in both the individual and the state. Marcus Aurelius was trained in philosophy by Apollonius of Chalcedon: in the Greek language by Sextus of Chaeronea, the grandson of Plutarch, while the eminent orator Fronto instructed him in Latin literature. He conducted himself towards all men at Rome, as if he had been their equal, being moved by no arrogance by his elevation to the Empire. He exercised prompt liberality, and managed the provinces with the utmost kindness and indulgence. Under his rule affairs were successfully conducted against the Germans. He himself carried on a war with the Marcomanni, which was greater than any in the memory of man (in the way of wars with the Germans)-so that it was compared to the Punic Wars, for it was exceedingly formidable, and in it whole armies were lost; especially as in this reign, after the victory over the Parthians there occurred a great pestilence so that at Rome, and throughout Italy and the provinces a large fraction of the population, and actually the bulk of the regular troops perished from the plague. After his victory he was so magnificent in his display of games he is said to have exhibited in the arena one hundred lions at once. Having then at last rendered the state happy by his excellent management and gentleness of character, he died in the eighteenth year of his reign, in the sixty-first of his life. He was enrolled among the gods, all the Senate voting unanimously that he should have such honor.

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