21. Bertrand Russell Archives Archives the contemporary philosopher's correspondence, manuscripts, tapes, and documents. Includes a catalog of his writings. http://www.mcmaster.ca/russdocs/russell.htm

Welcome to The Bertrand Russell Archives at McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8S 4L6 To search all Russell Web files at McMaster: MCMASTER UNIVERSITY is home to the scholarly study of Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), British philosopher, logician, essayist, and renowned peace advocate. The Bertrand Russell Archives came to McMaster University Library in 1968, where they are in the Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections. (See this link for hours of service.) Russell's library is part of the Russell Archives, along with his correspondence, manuscripts, tapes, photographs, medals and permanently displayed writing desk. Details of major guides to the archival holdings and of international activities in Russell studies follow. Send us any queries you may have about the Russell Archives. BOOK CATALOGUES For the original holdings, see B. Feinberg, ed., A Detailed Catalogue of the Archives of Bertrand Russell (London: Continuum, 1967). In 1973 another large purchase arrived from Lord Russell's estate. See K. Blackwell and C. Spadoni, A Detailed Catalogue of the Second Archives of Bertrand Russell (Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1992). Further acquisitions have been made from many other sources.

22. The Bertrand Russell ArchivesThe Bertrand Russell Archives At McMaster Universit McMaster University presents this project of collecting russell's works. Skim a list of papers, members involved, and a chronology of his life. The bertrand russell Research Centre. McMaster University http://www.mcmaster.ca/russdocs/russell1.htm

Welcome to The Bertrand Russell Archives at McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8S 4L6 Note: url for the non-frames version of this page: http://www.mcmaster.ca/ russdocs/russell1.htm To search all Russell Web files at McMaster: MCMASTER UNIVERSITY is home to the scholarly study of Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), British philosopher, logician, essayist, and renowned peace advocate. The Bertrand Russell Archives came to McMaster University Library in 1968, where they are in the Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections. (See this link for hours of service.) Russell's library is part of the Russell Archives, along with his correspondence, manuscripts, tapes, photographs, medals and permanently displayed writing desk. Details of major guides to the archival holdings and of international activities in Russell studies follow. Send us any queries you may have about the Russell Archives. The photo to the left shows one of Russell's wingback easy chairs, his writing desk and chair, filing cabinets full of his publications, and in the background a portion of his library. "BERTRAND RUSSELL'S ODYSSEY" A major, multimedia exhibition of art and memorabilia from the Bertrand Russell Archives opened in the McMaster Museum of Art on 12 November 2000 and ran until 14 January 2001. "Bertrand Russell's Odyssey" marked the opening of

23. The Bertrand Russell Gallery A detailed biography at McMaster University.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers russell, bertrand......bertrand russell, the third Earl russell, is the twentieth century's most importantliberal thinker, one of two or three of its major philosophers, and a http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~bertrand/

I ntroduction: Bertrand Russell, the third Earl Russell, is the twentieth century's most important liberal thinker, one of two or three of its major philosophers, and a prophet for millions of the creative and rational life. He was born in 1872, at the height of Britain's economic and political ascendancy, and died in 1970 when Britain's empire had all but vanished and her power had been drained in two victorious but debilitating world wars. At his death, however, his voice still carried moral authority, for he was one of the world's most influential critics of nuclear weapons and the American war in Vietnam. Although born into one of Britain's most distinguished aristocratic Whig families, he became a persistent advocate of social democracy and other progressive causes, such as women's rights, peace among nations and a scientific approach to eradicate personal and public irrationality. His grandfather as Lord John Russell had been the architect of the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which extended the franchise peacefully to many in the middle classes. Orphaned before he was four years old, Bertrand Russell was brought up by his grandmother who tried to train him to become Prime Minister in the tradition of his grandfather.

24. Literature 1950 Biography and Nobel prize presentation speech.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers russell, bertrand...... Earl (bertrand Arthur William) russell. United Kingdom. b.1872 d.1970. bertrandrussell Biography Nobel Lecture Other Resources. 1949, 1951. http://www.nobel.se/literature/laureates/1950/

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950 "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought" Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell United Kingdom b.1872 d.1970 The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950 Presentation Speech Bertrand Russell Biography ... Other Resources The 1950 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

25. Russell's Paradox A nuanced article on this paradox of naive set theory, happened upon by russell in 1901. Includes Category Society Philosophy Philosophers russell, bertrand...... and foundations for arithmetic logic paraconsistent mathematics inconsistent Peano, Giuseppe Principia Mathematica russell, bertrand type theory http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell-paradox/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z content revised JUN Russell's Paradox Russell's paradox is the most famous of the logical or set-theoretical paradoxes. The paradox arises within naive set theory by considering the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set appears to be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself, hence the paradox. Some sets, such as the set of all teacups, are not members of themselves. Other sets, such as the set of all non-teacups, are members of themselves. Call the set of all sets that are not members of themselves S. If S is a member of itself, then by definition it must not be a member of itself. Similarly, if S is not a member of itself, then by definition it must be a member of itself. Discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1901, the paradox has prompted much work in logic, set theory and the philosophy and foundations of mathematics. History of the paradox Significance of the paradox Bibliography Other Internet Resources ... Related Entries History of the paradox Russell appears to have discovered his paradox in May of 1901 while working on his Principles of Mathematics (1903). Cesare Burali-Forti, an assistant to Giuseppe Peano, had discovered a similar antinomy in 1897 when he noticed that since the set of ordinals is well-ordered, it, too, must have an ordinal. However, this ordinal must be both an element of the set of all ordinals and yet greater than every such element.

26. Russell Discover the mathematical theories developed by this British philosopher, read the biography, or find quotations and a bibliography. Over a long and varied career, bertrand russell made groundbreaking contributions to the foundations of mathematics and http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Russell.html

Bertrand Arthur William Russell Born: 18 May 1872 in Ravenscroft, Trelleck, Monmouthshire, Wales Died: 2 Feb 1970 in Penrhyndeudraeth, Merioneth, Wales Click the picture above to see eight larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Bertrand Russell published a large number of books on logic, the theory of knowledge, and many other topics. He is one of the most important logicians of the 20th Century. Russell's Mathematical Contributions Over a long and varied career, Bertrand Russell made ground-breaking contributions to the foundations of mathematics and to the development of contemporary formal logic, as well as to analytic philosophy. His contributions relating to mathematics include his discovery of Russell's paradox, his defence of logicism (the view that mathematics is, in some significant sense, reducible to formal logic), his introduction of the theory of types, and his refining and popularizing of the first-order predicate calculus. Along with he is usually credited with being one of the two most important logicians of the twentieth century.

27. Brsnew Provides a comprehensive list of links to electronic texts of books, biographies, and encyclopedia entries. Also connect to related sites. THE bertrand russell SOCIETY. "The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge." http://www.users.drew.edu/~jlenz/brs.html

THE BERTRAND RUSSELL SOCIETY "The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge." NEW! 2003 ANNUAL MEETING homepage (May 30-June 1, 2003 at Lake Forest College, IL What is the BRS? What Do We Do? Writings by Bertrand Russell on the WWW ... J.R. Lenz

28. Brsnew Association dedicated to the memory and legacy of this thinker. Features news, membership information, Category Society Philosophy Philosophers russell, bertrand......THE bertrand russell SOCIETY, The good life is one inspired by love and guidedby knowledge. NEW! What Do We Do? Writings by bertrand russell on the WWW. http://users.drew.edu/~jlenz/brs.html

THE BERTRAND RUSSELL SOCIETY "The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge." NEW! 2003 ANNUAL MEETING homepage (May 30-June 1, 2003 at Lake Forest College, IL What is the BRS? What Do We Do? Writings by Bertrand Russell on the WWW ... J.R. Lenz

29. Bertrand Russell's Writings Writings by bertrand russell Electronic Texts on the WWW bertrand russell'sBest (1958) an anthology of quotes, edited by Robert E. Egner; http://users.drew.edu/~jlenz/brtexts.html

Writings by Bertrand Russell: Electronic Texts on the WWW A list of all electronic texts of Russell's books and essays known to us, in alphabetical order, together with a list of lists. (also called "Last Essay: '1967'") "Am I an Atheist or an Agnostic? A Plea for Tolerance in the Face of New Dogmas" (1947) Analysis of Mind, The (1921; book) Analysis of Mind, The (1921; book) searchable text with "concordance" Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation: A Selection of Articles c . 1969-1970 (including BR on world issues) Bertrand Russell's Best (1958): an anthology of quotes, edited by Robert E. Egner "The Bomb and Civilization" A hypertextual "edition-in-progress", by Ken Blackwell, of "Russell's first anti-nuclear writing" Columns for the Hearst Newspapers "How to Become a Man of Genius"; "Of Co-operation"; "On Astrologers"; "On Modern Uncertainty"; "On Sales Resistance" "The Congo" : excerpt from Freedom and Organization 1814–1914 (1934), Chapter XXXI, Imperialism "The Divorce between Science and `Culture'" (1958; Kalinga Prize acceptance speech)

30. Page Moved The bertrand russell Research Centre. McMaster University. What'sNew has been updated. The first issue of the annual Newsletter is http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~russell/brhome.htm

Bertrand Russell Research Centre McMaster University We're sorry, the main page of the Bertrand Russell Research Centre has been moved to http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~russell/ Click here to proceed directly there, or wait 10 seconds to be redirected automatically.

31. - Great Books - bertrand russell (18721970), Adapted from Wikipedia The Great Books bertrandrussell This web page is part of a biographical database on Great Ideas. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/russell.htm

Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) Please wait for Page to Load or Enter Here

32. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) Library Of Congress Citations Book Citations First 20 Records. Author russell, bertrand, 18721970. ControlNo. 05019207 //r842 Author russell, bertrand, 1872-1970. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/cit/citlcrussell.htm

Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) : Library of Congress Citations The Little Search Engine that Could Down to Name Citations LC Online Catalog Amazon Search Book Citations [First 20 Records] Author: Russell, Bertrand, 1872-1970. Title: An essay on the foundations of geometry, by Bertrand A.W. Russell ... Published: Cambridge, University press, 1897. Description: xvi, 201, [1] p. diagrs. 23 cm. LC Call No.: QA681 .R96 Subjects: Geometry Foundations. Control No.: 05019207 //r842 Author: Russell, Bertrand, 1872-1970. Title: Philosophical essays / by Bertrand Russell. Published: London ; New York : Longmans, Green, 1910. Description: vi, 185 p. ; 24 cm. LC Call No.: B1649.R93 P5 1910 Dewey No.: 192 19 Subjects: Philosophy. Control No.: a 10002114 //r912 Author: Richardson, Robert P. (Robert Porterfi Title: Numbers, variables and Mr. Russell's philosophy by Robert P. Richardson and Edward H. Landis. Published: Chicago, London, The Open court publishing company, 1915. Description: 1 p.l., 59 p. 20 cm. LC Call No.: QA9.R9 R6 Notes: Reprinted from "The Monist" of July 1915. Subjects: Russell, Bertrand, 1872-1970. Principles of mathematics. Mathematics Philosophy. Other authors: Landis, Edward H. (Edward Horace), 1876- joint author. Control No.: 16021787 //r842 Author: Russell, Bertrand, 1872-1970. Title: A history of western philosophy, and its connection with political and social circumstances from the earliest times to the present day. Published: New York, Simon and Schuster [1945] Description: xxiii, 895 p., 1 l. 23 cm. LC Call No.: B72 .R8 Dewey No.: 109 Notes: At head of title: Bertrand Russell. "Originally designed and partly delivered as lectures at the Barnes foundation in Pennsylvania."Pref. Subjects: Philosophy History. Control No.: 45008884 //r85

33. Russell, Bertrand (1872-1970) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biogr russell, bertrand (18721970), -. bertrand russell Archives. http//www.mcmaster.ca/russdocs/russell.htm.Clark, R. W. The Life of bertrand russell. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/RussellBertrand.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Branch of Science Philosophers ... Literature Prize Russell, Bertrand (1872-1970) English mathematician and philosopher who held advanced liberal social views for his days. He campaigned for women's suffrage and education. Russell won the Nobel Prize in literature. He was also an outstanding mathematician. He believed that math is indistinguishable from logic and founded the logicist school of mathematical thought. With Whitehead , he tried to invent a system of logic on which mathematics could be based. The result was a book entitled Principia Mathematica (3 volumes, 1910-1913). , however, later showed that such efforts were doomed since any rigid logical system contains undecidable propositions. Russell is also known for the letter he sent to Frege , who was just completing his epic work on the foundations of mathematics. Russell posed the paradox: is "the set of all sets which are not members of themselves" a member of itself? This conundrum, known as Russell's paradox showed that Frege's work must not be logically consistent, and sent it crumbling.

34. Bertrand Russell At Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base bertrand russell. Analytic Philosophy at Erratic Impact Philosophy ResearchBase. bertrand russell 1872 1970. New Books bertrand russell. http://www.erraticimpact.com/~analytic/russell.htm

Analytic Index General Resources Berlin Circle Logical Positivism ... W. O. Quine Bertrand Russell Gilbert Ryle Ludwig Wittgenstein Alfred N. Whitehead Philosophers ... Autobiography by Bertrand Arthur Russell Bertrand Russell New Books: Bertrand Russell Used Books: Bertrand Russell Know of a Resource? Bertrand Russell Biography From the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Excerpt: Bertrand Arthur William Russell (b.1872 - d.1970), British philosopher, logician, essayist, and social critic, best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions include his defense of logicism (the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic), and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism. Along with G.E. Moore, Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of analytic philosophy. He is also usually credited with being one of the two most important logicians of the twentieth century, the other being Kurt Gödel... Bertrand Russell Archives McMaster University site with searchable archive of thousands of works by the famous British philosopher and peace advocate.

35. Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3d Earl. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Si russell, bertrand Arthur William russell, 3d Earl. The Columbia Encyclopedia,Sixth Edition. 2001. 2001. russell, bertrand Arthur William russell, 3d Earl. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ru/RusslBer.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3d Earl

36. 47668. Russell, Bertrand. The Columbia World Of Quotations. 1996 ATTRIBUTION bertrand russell (1872–1970), British philosopher, mathematician.A Free Man’s Worship and Other Essays, ch. 6 (1976). http://www.bartleby.com/66/68/47668.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Quotations The Columbia World of Quotations PREVIOUS ... AUTHOR INDEX The Columbia World of Quotations. NUMBER: QUOTATION: Ethics is in origin the art of recommending to others the sacrifices required for cooperation with oneself.

37. Russell, Bertrand russell, bertrand,. bertrand russell, 1960. bertrand russell had one of the mostwidely varied and persistently influential intellects of the 20th century. http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/514_10.html

Russell, Bertrand, Bertrand Russell, 1960 By courtesy of the British Broadcasting Corporation, London [Video] in full BERTRAND ARTHUR WILLIAM RUSSELL, 3RD EARL RUSSELL OF KINGSTON RUSSELL, VISCOUNT AMBERLEY OF AMBERLEY AND OF ARDSALLA (b. May 18, 1872, Trelleck, Monmouthshire, Eng.d. Feb. 2, 1970, near Penrhyndeudraeth, Merioneth, Wales), English logician and philosopher, best known for his work in mathematical logic and for his social and political campaigns, including his advocacy of both pacifism and nuclear disarmament. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Early years. Russell was the second son of Viscount Amberley and his wife, Katherine, daughter of the 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley. Lord Amberley was the third son of Lord John Russell, who was twice prime minister and became the 1st Earl Russell. This situation set the pattern of Russell's philosophical career. He was determined not to be beguiled by human pretensions to knowledge or by unbacked assumptions either about the foundations of knowledge or about what may be said to exist. Henceforth, one of his primary aims was to inquire, with skeptical and parsimonious intent, "how much we can be said to know and with what degree of certainty or doubtfulness." He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1890, was at once recognized as intellectually outstanding, and soon became a member of the exclusive society known to outsiders as

38. Encyclopædia Britannica russell, bertrand Encyclopædia Britannica Article. MLA style russell, bertrand. Encyclopædia Britannica 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=66130

39. Italian School - Bertrand Russell ãƒ´ã‚§ãƒãƒ„ã‚£ã‚¢è¿‘ãã®ãƒ‘ãƒ‰ãƒ´ã‚¡ã«ã‚ã‚‹èªžå­¦å­¦æ ¡ã€‚ã‚³ãƒ¼ã‚¹ã®æ¡ˆå† ã¨ç”³ã—è¾¼ã¿æ–¹æ³•ã€‚ http://www.bertrand-russell.it/jappan/homejap.htm

[ŒfŽ¦”Â] SCUOLA DI ITALIANO BERTRAND RUSSELL VIA E. Filiberto@6@35122 PADOVA„ŸITALIA TEL +39 049 654051„ŸFAX +39 049 8754133 e.mail: school@bertrand-russell.it ‘åŠw‚Ì’¬ƒpƒhƒ”ƒ@‚ŃCƒ^ƒŠƒAŒê‚ðŠw‚Ú‚¤ @1975”N‘n—§ˆÈ—ˆA ƒpƒhƒ”ƒ@ ‚ÌŒêŠwŠwZBertrand RusselliÍÞÙÄ×ÝÄÞׯ¾Ù)‚́AƒCƒ^ƒŠƒAŒê‚ðŠw‚Ú‚¤‚Æ‚·‚élA ‚ ‚é‚¢‚̓Cƒ^ƒŠƒA‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì’mŽ¯‚ð‚æ‚è[‚߂悤‚Æ‚·‚él‚É‚Æ‚Á‚Ä—Bˆê‚Ì‹’‚菊‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚é‚Å‚µ‚傤B @“–Z‚́AƒCƒ^ƒŠƒA‚ÌŒêŠwA•¶‰»‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠî‘b“I’mŽ¯‚ðK“¾‚·‚é‚Ì‚É•K—v‚ȏ€”õ‚̎菕‚¯‚ðs‚¤‚½‚ߌø‰Ê“I‚©‚ƒ_ƒCƒiƒ~ƒbƒN‚ÈŽö‹Æ‚Ì‚Å‚«‚é—DG‚ȍuŽtw‚𑵂¦A ‚Ü‚½‘ÛŒð—¬‚̏ê‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é“™A’ZŠú‹y‚Ñ’·Šú‚Ì‚ ‚ç‚ä‚郌ƒxƒ‹‚ł̃R[ƒX‚ð—pˆÓ‚µAŠe¶“k‚̃j[ƒY‚É“š‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B @ƒpƒhƒ”ƒ@‚Ì’¬‚ɂ́AŒ‚¢—ðŽj‚ðŽ‚¿—L–¼‚È‘åŠw‚̈ê‚‚ł ‚éƒpƒhƒ”ƒ@‘åŠw‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B ƒGƒŒƒ~ƒ^[ƒj‹³‰ïA¹ƒAƒ“ƒgƒjƒI‹³‰ïA¹ƒWƒ ƒXƒeƒB[ƒi‹³‰ïAƒJƒtƒFƒyƒhƒƒbƒL‚È‚Ç‚ÌŒ‚«Œ†ì‚ɐlX‚ÍŠ´’Q‚̐º‚ð‚ ‚°‚é‚΂©‚è‚Å‚·B “–Z‚́A—ðŽj‚ ‚é‹ŒŽsŠX‚Ì’†S‚É‹ß‚­ˆÊ’u‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èA“ï‚È‚­Œ©‚‚¯‚ç‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Æ‚¨‚à‚¢‚Ü‚·B @‚ ‚È‚½‚Ì—·‚ª‰õ“K‚Å‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·‚±‚Æ‚ð‚¨‹F‚è‚·‚é‚Æ‹¤‚ɁA‘åŠw‚Ì’¬ƒpƒhƒ”ƒ@‚ł̑؍݂ª[ŽÀ‚µ‚½‚à‚̂ƂȂ邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚¢‚½‚µ‚Ü‚· ƒR[ƒX‚̃vƒƒOƒ‰ƒ€ ƒR[ƒX“ú’öiŠJŽn“új 2003”N 2004”N ‘åŠw“üŽŽ€”õƒR[ƒXiŠJŽn“új 2003”N@@@@@@@‚WŒŽ4“ú 2004”N@@@@@@@‚WŒŽ2“ú ¦ “ú’ö‚ÍŠeƒR[ƒX‚Æ‚à‚STŠÔi‚W‚OŽžŠÔj‚Å‚·‚ªŠó–]‚ɉž‚¶‚Ä’Z‚¢ƒR[ƒX‚à—pˆÓ‚Å‚«‚Ü‚·B ƒR[ƒX “ü–å@‰‹‰@’†‹‰@ã‹‰ƒR[ƒX‚ɉÁ‚¦‚Ä‘åŠwŽóŒ±€”õƒR[ƒX‚Ì‚TƒR[ƒX ƒCƒ^ƒŠƒAŒêƒR[ƒX ƒR[ƒX‚ðŽn‚ß‚é‚É‚ ‚½‚Á‚āA•¶–@’mŽ¯‚ð—L‚·‚éŽóuŽÒ‚̓Nƒ‰ƒX•ª‚¯‚Ì‚½‚߁AƒŒƒxƒ‹ƒ`ƒFƒbƒN‚̃eƒXƒg‚ðs‚¢‚Ü‚·B @ “ü–å@FƒCƒ^ƒŠƒAŒê‚Ì’mŽ¯‚ª‘S‚­–³‚¢l‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í‚Ù‚ñ‚̂킸‚©‚Ȑl‚Ì‚½‚߂̃R[ƒX

40. Icarus, Or, The Future Of Science ICARUS or The Future of Science by bertrand russell 1924. Transcribed byCosma Rohilla Shalizi Berkeley, California 11 June 1994 I. Introductory. http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/Icarus.html

ICARUS or The Future of Science by Bertrand Russell Transcribed by Cosma Rohilla Shalizi Berkeley, California 11 June 1994 I. Introductory Mr. Haldane's Daedalus has set forth an attractive picture of the future as it may become through the use of scientific discoveries to promote human happiness. Much as I should like to agree with his forecast, a long experience of statesmen and government has made me somewhat sceptical. I am compelled to fear that science will be used to promote the power of dominant groups, rather than to make men happy. Icarus, having been taught to fly by his father Daedalus, was destroyed by his rashness. I fear that the same fate may overtake the populations whom modern men of science have taught to fly. Some of the dangers inherent in the progress of science while we retain our present political and economic institutions are set forth in the following pages. This subject is so vast that it is impossible, within a limited space, to do more than outline some of its aspects. The world in which we live differs profoundly from that of Queen Anne's time, and this difference is mainly attributable to science. That is to say, the difference would be very much less than it is but for various scientific discoveries, but resulted from those discoveries by the operation of ordinary human nature. The changes that have been brought about have been partly good, partly bad; whether, in the end, science will prove to have been a blessing or a curse to mankind, is to my mind, still a doubtful question.

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