41. The Gestalt Project Homepage: Fretwell Downing Education Click here to continue Getting Educational SystemsTalking Across LeadingEdge Technologies. http://www.fdgroup.co.uk/gestalt/

G etting E ducational S ystems T alking A cross L eading-Edge T echnologies

42. GESTALT gestalt Psychology. The gestalt psychologists (Koffka, 1935; Köhler, 1940)believed that a number of innate tendencies influence the way we see. http://www.princeton.edu/~freshman/gestalt/

Gestalt Psychology "Gestalt theory began toward the close of the 19th century in Austriaand south Germany as a protest against associationist and structural schools' piecemeal analysis of experience into atomistic elements." Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka collaborated to found Gestalt. (Britannica) Early studies dealt with illusion, for example, the Kanizsa triangle , which we used as the background for many of our pages. As you look at the Kanisza triangle, a boundary can be seen where the perceived white triangle meets the white background; a boundary between white and white! "The Gestalt psychologists (Koffka, 1935; Köhler, 1940) believed that a number of innate tendencies influence the way we see. While many contemporary psychologists maintain that even these tendencies are the result of experience and learning, all agree that they are strong and virtually universal tendencies." (Darley et. al. 114) David Marr , who thought that many who investigated vision were "misled by the apparent simplicity of the act of seeing," approached the matter at a more basic level: how he recognize lines and other elements. (Marr 30) Look at the image (Gombrich 104)of "The < > must get done,"

43. Gestalt Theory : The MAX WERTHEIMER Page About life and work of gestalt psychology founder Max Wertheimer, including bibliography and Wertheimer Category Science Social Sciences gestalt People Wertheimer, Max......gestalt Theory THE MAX WERTHEIMER PAGE. Max Wertheimer, gestalt theory. SocialResearch, 11 (translation of lecture at the Kant Society, Berlin, 1924). http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/8646/

Gestalt Theory THE MAX WERTHEIMER PAGE "The basic thesis of gestalt theory might be formulated thus: there are contexts in which what is happening in the whole cannot be deduced from the characteristics of the separate pieces, but conversely; what happens to a part of the whole is, in clearcut cases, determined by the laws of the inner structure of its whole." Max Wertheimer, Gestalt theory. Social Research, 11 (translation of lecture at the Kant Society, Berlin, 1924). Max Wertheimer - his life Max Wertheimer - Biografía (Espanol) Max Wertheimer - List of publications Books and Articles about Max Wertheimer ... Books by and about Max Wertheimer at Amazon Most recent revision: Nov 28, 2002 Questions, Comments, Suggestions You need Java to see this applet. This page is hosted by Get your own Free Home Page Welcome to the Max Wertheimer Page!

44. Gestalt Review Home Page About gestalt Review. About gestalt News from GR •, Welcome to the online editionof Vol. 6, No. 2. •, gestalt Writers' Conferences. •, Suggest an item. http://www.gestaltreview.com/

About Gestalt Review About Gestalt News from GR Welcome to the on-line edition of Vol. 6, No. 2 Suggest an item Subscriptions Back Issues Contact Us Editors ... GestaltRev@aol.com Gestalt International Systems Center www.gisc.org office@gisc.org

45. Centro Gestalt De México -> Inicio http://www.gestalt.com.mx/

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46. The Gestalt Institute Of Toronto Offers psychotherapy training and personal growth programs.Category Regional North America Localities T Toronto Health......gestalt Institute of Toronto. Courage. Choice. Change. Enter you. Thankyou from the Faculty and Staff of the gestalt Institute of Toronto. http://www.gestalt.on.ca/

Gestalt Institute of Toronto Courage Choice Change Enter Site Welcome to our new website! If you have comments, questions, or suggestions, please forward them to us so that we can better assist you. Thank you from the Faculty and Staff of the Gestalt Institute of Toronto.

47. Welcome To GESTALT Welcome to. The gestalt Workbench. Abstract. Using the gestalt Workbench. Thegestalt Workbench is designed to be easy to use from any networked computer. http://bioinformatics.weizmann.ac.il/GESTALT/

Welcome to The GESTALT Workbench Abstract Large amounts of 'raw' genomic sequence data already exist and continue to grow exponentially. Many tools are available for automated analysis of these data by comparison to known sequences or by pattern recognition. One of the hardest problems is how to present the sequence data and its derived annotation in an intuitive way. We present here a workbench for analysis of large-scale genomic sequence data, with strong emphasis on the production of enriched graphical representation of the analysed data. The GESTALT Workbench (GEnomic Sequence Total Analysis and Lookup Tool) can execute a variety of external analysis programmes (e.g. for gene recognition) as well as internal analyses (e.g. compositional complexity analysis); the resulting analysis output files are stored in an internal database. Integrating the analysis results, a Gestalt * is created for each sequence. Much biological insight can be obtained at a glance from these sequence pictorial representations, which prove to be a valuable aid in quick and intuitive sequence interpretation. In addition, sequences can be compared in pairwise fashion and visualised by content-annotated, bidirectional dotplots. The GESTALT Workbench is designed to pose minimal technical requirements on the user's end, and is accessible via the WWW at http://bioinformatics.weizmann.ac.il/GESTALT. * Gestalt: (lit. image) a structure, configuration, or pattern of physical, biological, or psychological phenomena so integrated as to constitute a functional unit with properties not derivable by summation of its parts. Webster's dictionary

48. Pacific Gestalt Institute (formerly Gestalt Therapy Institute Of The Pacific) gestalt therapy training in contemporary relational approach, offered by Gary Yontef and Lynne JacobsCategory Science Social Sciences gestalt Therapy Institutes......gestalt Therapy Training Programs http://www.gestalttherapy.org/

49. Behavior OnLine - Gestalt Therapy Forum Please visit our sponsor. Behavior OnLine gestalt THERAPY Brian O'NeillPost a Message New forum software. gestalt, by student in psyc. Category Science Social Sciences gestalt gestalt Therapy http://www.behavior.net/forums/gestalt/

50. Merriam-Webster OnLine 2 entries found for gestalt. To select an entry, click on it. Find Photos,Magazines and Newspaper Articles about gestalt at eLibrary. http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?gestalt

51. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS ON THE GESTALT SWITCH by Ian Verstegen, Temple University, PhiladelphiaCategory Science Social Sciences Psychology gestalt......gestalt PSYCHOLOGISTS ON THE gestalt SWITCH. His discussions of recentering (Umzentrierung) in problem solving is very close to the gestalt switch. http://astro.temple.edu/~iversteg/Switch.html

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS ON THE GESTALT SWITCH (this originally appeared in Il Cannocchiale: Rivista di Filosofia IAN VERSTEGEN (Temple University, Philadelphia, PA) By now there is a vast ilterature on the so-called gestalt switch in the philosophy of science (Aronson 1984, Kuhn 1970, Scheffler 1972, Wright 1992). It was first used to justify antirealism in science by Norwood Hanson (1958) and Thomas Kuhn (1970), based on Ludwig Wittgenstein's original "intellectualist" discussion of the duck-rabbit switch in his Philosophical Investigations (1953). Subsequently, it has been debated to what degree the observations of scientists are theory-laden by arguing how perception actually changes when we first see one object and then another, each equally supported by the same stimulus. It is remarkable that throughout the debate no one bothered to ask what Gestalt psychologists actually meant when they discussed such switches. Only Maurice Mandelbaum (1977) pointed out that Kuhn's use of the gestalt switch, based as it was on his own empiricist psychology, was wholly opposed to the original intention of Gestalt psychologists, and if "abstract" objects like a Maltese cross were substituted for recognizable objects (like ducks and rabbits), the analogy to the semantic content of opposed theories lost much of its force. It is remarkable that a conceptual relativist like Arthur Danto (1991) has admitted that "almost the precise kinds of examples. . .of penetration [of language on perception] give us the best examples of impenetrability" (p. 208).

52. Art, Design And Gestalt Theory by Roy Behrens, artist, writer, teacher.Category Science Social Sciences Psychology gestalt......Art, Design and gestalt Theory Roy R. Behrens Roy R. Behrens, (artist, writer, teacher),2022 X Avenue, Dysart, IA 522249767, USA E-mail ballast@netins.net. http://mitpress.mit.edu/e-journals/Leonardo/isast/articles/behrens.html

Art, Design and Gestalt Theory Roy R. Behrens Roy R. Behrens, (artist, writer, teacher), 2022 X Avenue, Dysart, IA 52224-9767, U.S.A. E-mail: ballast@netins.net ABSTRACT Gestalt psychology began in Germany in 1910. While traveling by train on vacation, a 30-year-old Czech-born psychologist named Max Wertheimer was seized by an idea when he saw flashing lights at a railroad crossing that resembled lights encircling a theater marquee. He got off the train in Frankfurt am Main, where he bought a motion picture toy called a "zoetrope." When a strip of pictures is placed inside and viewed through the slits in a zoetrope, a succession of stationary pictures appear to be a single, moving picture. In his hotel room, Wertheimer made his own picture strips, consisting not of identifiable objects, but of simple abstract lines, ranging from vertical to horizontal. By varying these elements, he was able to investigate the conditions that contribute to the illusion of motion pictures, an effect that is technically known as "apparent movement" Years earlier, Wertheimer had studied in Prague with an Austrian philosopher named Christian von Ehrenfels, who had published a paper in 1890 entitled "On Gestalt Qualities" in which he pointed out that a melody is still recognizable when played in different keys, even though none of the notes are the same, and that abstract form attributes such as "squareness" or "angularity" can be conveyed by a wide range of specific elements. Clearly, argued Ehrenfels, if a melody and the notes that comprise it are so independent, then a whole is not simply the sum of its parts, but a synergistic "whole effect," or gestalt

53. Behavior OnLine: An Introduction To Gestalt Therapy gestalt THERAPY AN INTRODUCTION. Note The Simkin. It appears here withthe kind permission of The gestalt Journal Press. Commentary. This http://www.behavior.net/gestalt.html

GESTALT THERAPY: AN INTRODUCTION Note: The following was chapter written by Gary Yontef and Jim Simkin. It appears here with the kind permission of The Gestalt Journal Press. Commentary This paper, coauthored with James S. Simkin in 1981, is probably the best general introduction to Gestalt therapy that I have written. It was the Gestalt Therapy chapter in the 1989 edition of Corsini and Wedding's Current Psychotherapies (4th Edition). It appears here with the kind permission of the publisher, F.E. Peacock, Publishers, Inc. of Itasca, Illinois. It is a slightly edited version of the 1984 chapter written jointly by Jim Simkin and myself for the third edition of Current Psychotherapies . The 1984 version was a complete rewriting of a version Jim did by himself for the second edition of Current Psychotherapies . The revisions I made in the 1989 version were minor and were made after Jim's death. GARY YONTEF Overview Gestalt therapy is a phenomenological-existential therapy founded by Frederick (Fritz) and Laura Perls in the 1940s. It teaches therapists and patients the phenomenological method of awareness, in which perceiving, feeling, and acting are distinguished from interpreting and reshuffling preexisting attitudes. Explanations and interpretations are considered less reliable than what is directly perceived and felt. Patients and therapists in Gestalt therapy dialogue , that is, communicate their phenomenological perspectives. Differences in perspectives become the focus of experimentation and continued dialogue. The goal is for clients to become aware of what they are doing, how they are doing it, and how they can change themselves, and at the same time, to learn to accept and value themselves.

54. Gestalt gestalt is een eigenzinnig Vlaams project. Donker atmosferische muziekmet invloeden uit gothic, volksmuziek, filmmuziek en experimenteel. http://www.paulo.be/gestalt/

55. Brisbane Gestalt Institute Training, conferences, forums and seminars in gestalt Therapy.Category Science Social Sciences gestalt Therapy Institutes...... gestalt Therapy gestalt Therapy has become a comprehensive philosophy, theory andmethodology that has consistently questioned the rational, mechanistic, power http://www.gestaltinstitute.com.au/

Home About BGI Gestalt Training Articles ... Discussion Gestalt Therapy Gestalt Therapy has become a comprehensive philosophy, theory and methodology that has consistently questioned the rational, mechanistic, power-based systems of human healing that have been in vogue in the past. Our process-orientation, person-in-environment perspective and our focus on the expansion of awareness, wholeness and dialogue, presents us with a clear global basis for a new understanding of the evolution of humankind. The Brisbane Gestalt Institute, along with the International Community of Gestalt Centres and Institutes, is committed to the on-going development and promotion of Gestalt Therapy. Latest Articles and News Gestalt Therapy Training 2003 The details for the Gestalt Therapy Training 2003 course are now available. In The Now Newsletter 2003 Edition Posted on Dec. 06 2002,20:14. by Yaro Download the latest View Article Print Article View more articles PERSONAL TRANSFORMATION AND GROUP PROCESS Posted on Dec. 06 2002,19:43. by Yaro Gold Coast Gestalt Therapy Group 2003 Course.

56. SICGT: Offering Gestalt Therapy Training, Workshops, Bookstore, Low Fee Counseli The Sierra Institute for Contemporary gestalt Therapy offers gestalt Therapy Training,Continuing Education Classes, Workshops, Bookstore, Gifts, Low Fee http://www.gestalt.to/

Gestalt Summer Conference Coming Soon! Click here for details! Site Designed by: Serrallo CWO Welcome to SICGT Peter and Daisy Our goal is to provide the psychotherapist community with a training program that meets a number of needs. High quality professional training from a Gestalt perspective. Thorough grounding in a psychodynamic, developmental approach to working with clients individuals, couples and groups. Personal Growth through experiential work in a process-oriented group. An opportunity to find mentoring and support with other professionals. An exciting and refreshing break from the everyday grind with time to relax and rejuvenate. SICGT 2620 J Street - Sacramento, CA 95816

57. Gestalt Theory Sonoma State University http://www.sonoma.edu/people/Daniels/Gestalt1.html

Gestalt Theoretical Psychology Links Welcome to the Gestalt theory page. Here you will find links to articles and book excerpts by Gestalt Psychology's founders, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler, and by Kurt Lewin, who developed a Gestalt-based social psychology and personality theory. There will soon also be an overview lecture that ties it all together. For information on Gestalt Therapy and its various dimensions, return to The Gestalt Page at Sonoma State University and try the other links. The International Society for Gestalt Theory and its Applications This site is a key resources The Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy Site Links to other Gestalt-Related Sources Classics in the History of Psychology website at York University Perception: An introduction to the Gestalt-theorie Kurt Koffka ... Gestalt Theory and Edward Chace Tolman AMUSEMENTS Optical and Sensory Illusions: Fascinating experiments on perception More illusions that you can look at and play with Return to The Gestalt Main Page Victor's Home Page Psychology Department Main Page Sonoma State University Main Page

58. Instituto De Terapia Gestalt Valencia Instituto creado para aplicar y difundir la terapia gestalt http://www.itgestalt.com

Instituto de terapia Gestalt Valencia http://www.artefinal.com/itg

59. The History Of Psychology. By William J. House. Links to an eclectic assortment of online texts from ancient times to the 20th century (Hammurabi's Code of Law to Koffka's Introduction to gestalt Theory). http://www.usca.sc.edu/psychology/histor~1.html

The History of Psychology Links to Primary Source E-Texts on the Web Ancient Times The Christian Era The Renaissance The Enlightenment ... Modern European These links are to significant psychological literature that is found on the World Wide Web. They are presented along with my comments and reference to art, politics, and music of the period because I am interested in presenting a cultural context within which psychology developed. Please send your comments and suggestions to Dr. William J. House Return to House's Home Page

60. Gestalt Psychology gestalt Psychology Challenges Behaviorism. Some of the other perceptual phenomenaidentified by the gestalt psychologists are described in Chapter 4. http://www.unb.ca/web/courses/fields/module/textbook/ch1pt2e.html

Gestalt Psychology Challenges Behaviorism Founded by Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), Gestalt psychology surfaced as a theoretical school in Germany early in the 20th century. Gestalt psychology was based on the belief that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts (Gestalt is German for"form" or "shape"). An example of this fundamental principle is provided by the phi phenomenon, first described by Wertheimer (1912) . The phi phenomenon is the illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession. For example, movies and TV consist of separate still pictures projected rapidly one after the other. Although we see smooth motion, in reality the "moving" objects merely take a slightly different position in successive frames. The same principle is illustrated by electric signs, such as those on movie marquees or at road construction sites (see the adjacent photo). The bulbs going on and off in turn, with the appropriate timing, give the impression of motion. Of course, nothing in the sign really moves. The elements (the bulbs) are stationary. Working as a whole, however, they have a property (motion) that isn't evident in any of the parts. Some of the other perceptual phenomena identified by the Gestalt psychologists are described in Chapter 4. Gestalt psychology's emergence in 1912 was in part a reaction against structuralism, an influential school of thought in Germany at the time. Obviously, the structuralists' interest in breaking conscious experience into its component parts seemed ill advised in light of the Gestalt theorists' demonstration that the whole can be much greater than the sum of its parts. Nazi persecutions in Germany eventually forced the leading Gestalt theorists; Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler; to move to the United States, where they attacked the theoretical edifice of behaviorism. They took issue with the behaviorists on two counts. First,they saw the behaviorists' attempt to analyze behavior into stimulus-response bonds as another ill-fated effort to carve the whole into its parts. Second,they felt that psychology should continue to study conscious experience rather than shift its focus to observable behavior.

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