21. Cave Biology Photo Index cave biology Photo Index. Caves are of great interest to biologistsbecause they are generally isolated from the main nutrient source http://www.bostongrotto.org/Grotto/bg-photo-bio.html

Cave Biology Photo Index Caves are of great interest to biologists because they are generally isolated from the main nutrient source of the surface world - the sunlight that provides the energy for the surface plants to grow. Since the animals on the surface ultimately depend on the plants for nutrition, neither plants nor animals are found in profusion in caves, like they are on the surface. Even the "cave mud" is (nearly) sterile, unlike surface soil which swarms with microorganisms. The result of this scarcity of resources is that the community of creatures that do inhabit the caves form relatively simple ecosystems, compared to the surface world. This makes these ecosystems interesting, because the important relationships, like "who eats what", and "where does the waste go", have much simpler answers than they normally do on the surface. Recent discoveries in the extremely low energy caves of the Southwestern USA have extended these ideas to the world of bacteria. A large number of new species, some with potential medical benefits, have been discovered living in extremely nutrient-poor cave environments. Most cavers don't notice the microorganisms, or even the small insects and springtails in the cave pools and the mud banks. They do notice, however, the larger visitors that use the cave as a temporary dwelling place or refuge from the surface world. Many a caver has unexpectedly encountered a snake hiding in an entrance passage, a pack rat who has chewed partway through his favorite rope, or a porcupine den with a pile of scat obscuring a passage that needs surveying.

22. Cave Biology cave biology. There are several ways to look at cave biology and the ecologyof Fisher Cave. The ecosystem approach is a useful beginning. http://www.missouri.edu/~jad4bc/biology.htm

Cave Biology There are several ways to look at cave biology and the ecology of Fisher Cave. The ecosystem approach is a useful beginning. In general, an ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic elements interacting, while energy flows and nutrients cycle through the system. A cave is a low ordered systemin other words, it is relatively simple. First of all, caves lack the producer (or first trophic) level: there are no plants. Surface systems are usually diverse and complex, and thus stable. Caves, on the other hand, have low stability and are vulnerable to disturbance. As for trophic webs (that is, food chains), caves have a detritus food chain, not a grazing chain ( . The pathway from the base of the web is the breakdown of organic material, not plant-grazing. Energy is limited in caves: it comes second-hand from the surface, via a relatively small quantity of detritus. The conversion of energy from one level to the next is inefficient. Whereas most surface ecosystems convert energy at roughly a 10 percent rate (for example, from plant to herbivore to carnivore), in caves the conversion rate is about 2.5 percent. In a nutshell, a cave ecosystem is characterized by ecological simplicity, scarcity of energy (and thus food), and climatic stability.

23. Critically Endangered Anchialine Cave Species: A Case History From Bermuda Similar pages Groundwater Biology Home Page GRAHAM PROUDLOVE'S cave biology EMAIL LIST. cave biology GROUP. THE EDWARDSAQUIFER HOME PAGE. The cave biology Web Site by T. Iliffe by T. Iliffe. http://www.tamug.tamu.edu/marb/faculty/iliffe/research/cave3.html

Cave Biology and Hydrology Dr. Thomas Iliffe The anchialine lakes in Church and Bitumen caves contain at least eleven species of endemic, troglobitic invertebrates, nine of which are on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered. The fauna includes five species of copepods, two isopods and one each of ostracod, amphipod, shrimp and polychaete. Many of these species represent ancient lineages that have survived in the refuge provided by the caves. Water column profiles of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH in Church Cave were made in December 1995 using a Hydrolab Datasonde III probe (Figure ). Bermuda cave pools characteristically contain a thin, brackish layer overlying waters approaching typical open ocean salinities. Water temperatures are lowest at the surface and increase gradually with increasing depth. Seasonal variations, although most pronounced in the surface waters, are minor in comparison with those in open water. Depleted dissolved oxygen levels are found in the deeper waters of all cave systems. Oxygen levels in the surface waters were close to saturation since air exchange and drip waters maintain the oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen levels in deeper cave waters were significantly lower in 1995 than observed in the same cave in 1982 ( Figure 5 ). pH values dropped abruptly from 7.9 at the surface to 7.6 at the halocline and below.

24. The Title! At present, these habitats, according to the resolution from the International Congressof Marine cave biology held in Bermuda during 1984, are definitively http://www.geocities.com/~mediaq/caves/anchial.html

At present, these habitats, according to the resolution from the International Congress of Marine Cave Biology held in Bermuda during 1984, are definitively defined as flooded inland marine caves and groundwaters that lack any direct surface connection with the open sea, with a wide range of different salinities, and showing the following subterranean features: Horizontal salinity and O zonation Relative lack of food Darkness Limited accessibility for marine fauna Presence of stygomorphic organisms For the most part anchialine conditions developed on the islands or continental media, probably pending plio-pleistocenic sea regressions. Anchialine fauna has drawn particular attention because it mostly embraces endemic organisms, as well as tethyan relicts. Anchihaline species, as a rule, originated directly from sea waters ancestors, but at present their non subterranean marine relatives do not exist or they inhabit some unfavourable, extreme habitats; only a few taxa colonized the anchihaline systems from limnic inland conditions. Anchialine habitats are rich of remarkable and unusual crustaceans (copepods, ostracods, atyid shrimps, thermosbaenaceans, hadziid amphipods, cirolanid isopods, remipedes, etc.), In last decade noteworthy representatives of copepods have been discovered, such as platycopioids, calanoids, speleoithonids, novocriniids, etc.

25. NCCNSW Links: : Cave Biology (biospeleology) Title cave biology (biospeleology). URL http//www.utexas.edu/depts/tnhc/.www/biospeleology/.Comment This site has amazing photos http://www.nccnsw.org.au/water/links/19990608_cave.html

Title: Cave Biology (biospeleology) URL http://www.utexas.edu/depts/tnhc/.www/biospeleology/ Comment: This site has amazing photos of all sorts of cave biology (including the W.A. eyeless fish!), also abstracts and heaps of other links. water Category: groundwater NCC Category: By Environment subject: - 2.22 Water up to Web Links index INDEX ABOUT US BACKGROUND ... SEARCH URL: http://www.nccnsw.org.au/water/links/19990608_cave.html Last Modified: Friday, 30-Aug-2002 12:08:34 EST This site has been prepared for NCCNSW Water and Fisheries Campaign under the direction of This site designed, created and programmed by: Social Change Online Email: info@socialchange.net.au Enter keyword:

26. Cave Biology Innovations And Patents cave biology Innovations and Patents © 2002, XQ23.COM Research (air.xq23.com) Moreinformation on cave biology and cave biology Research References. http://www.air.xq23.com/energy_science_resources/Cave_Biology.html

Cave Biology Innovations and Patents © 2002, XQ23.COM Research (air.xq23.com) Who were the Great Minds Absolute Zero Acid Rain Acoelomates ... HOME KEY SITES: PRIME-RADIANT FUTURE'S EDGE Future Books Educational Priorities THE LUMINARIES SCIENCE FICTION ARCHIVES: FIRST PILLAR kurt vonnegut arthur c clarke david brin ... Dialysis More information on: Cave Biology and Cave Biology Research References. Recent U.S. patents related to Cave Biology: 6,373,614: High performance polarization controller and polarization sensor 6,373,396: Method for predicting seismic events 6,371,674: Plaque disclosing agent dispensing toothbrush 6,370,371: Applications of universal frequency translation 6,370,196: Method and apparatus for multiresolution object-oriented motion estimation 6,368,576: Methods for bleaching, opacifying and desensitizing teeth 6,368,336: Device for soft tissue modeling and coagulating soft tissue 6,366,904: Machine-implementable method and apparatus for iteratively extending the results obtained from an initial query in a database 6,365,133: Dog chew toy containing edible pet toothpaste for dental care

27. Rationale The cave biology Research Group (CBRG) at New York University. contains evolutionists,developmental biologists, conservationists and educators. http://pages.nyu.edu/~rb4/Rationale.htm

The Cave Biology Research Group (CBRG) at New York University contains evolutionists, developmental biologists, conservationists and educators. Current projects include comparative genomic mapping to find the genes responsible for eye regression and depigmentation in different populations of cave fishes, phylogenetic studies, and educational projects. For information about the CBRG, e-mail to rb4@scires.nyu.edu Details of the research rationale for the laboratory of Richard Borowsky (Department of Biology, NYC, NY 10003) are as follows: Research Interests and Rationale: The Evolution of Troglomorphy Regressive Evolution The Genetics of Complex Traits The Importance of Replication in Evolutionary Studies My laboratory currently concentrates on the study of cave fishes, viewing them as powerful models for the investigation of interesting problems in evolutionary biology, including speciation, the genetics of trait evolution, and regressive evolution. About eighty species of cave fishes are presently known world-wide, and the rate of discovery of new ones is accelerating. While these species fall into a number of very distinct and different fish families, they share a set of characteristics typical of all cave animals. The most obvious of these traits are reduced eyes and pigment, but they also tend to share other heightened extraoptic senses ( e.g

28. Home Page The Evolutionary Biology of Cave Fishes. Work from the cave biologyResearch Group. Department of Biology. New York University. Under http://pages.nyu.edu/~rb4/

The Evolutionary Biology of Cave Fishes Work from the Cave Biology Research Group Department of Biology New York University Under the direction of Richard Borowsky (This page is always evolving and presents work in progress.) This page is intended to disseminate information about our laboratory's work on the biology and genetics of cave fishes. The focus on cave fishes stems from long-term research interests in the evolution of complex traits and the phenomenon of regressive evolution. Two of the fishes we work on are illustrated below: The top photograph shows the Waterfall Climbing Cave Fish of Thailand, Cryptotora ("Homaloptera") thamicola (Photo by Denis Belliveau ), a balitorid hillstream loach. The bottom photograph shows the Blind Mexican Tetra, Astyanax mexicanus , a characid related to the pirahna These two fishes, from distantly related families, illustrate two obvious convergences of cave adapted species: both are blind and depigmented. The Cave Biology Research Group ( CBRG ) at New York University is dedicated to discovering the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms for this convergence.

29. Directory :: Look.com Biospeleology (cave biology) Texas Memorial Museum's web site on biospeleology.Information on the biota of caves, karst, and groundwater. http://www.look.com/searchroute/directorysearch.asp?p=121838

30. Directory :: Look.com Accommodation (10) Bats (44) cave biology (19) Cave Diving (21) Cave Photography(18) Cave Rescue (39) Cave Surveying (23) Directories (21) Equipment http://www.look.com/searchroute/directorysearch.asp?p=8178

31. Cave-Related Links Scientific. cave biology; Biospeleology (cave biology); Cave CreaturesLive Without Light; Exeter Speleothem Research Group Database; http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/~arb/speleo/links.html

Cave-Related Links See also UK and Europe or World-wide links Other links pages UK Caving Virtual Foyer LUSS links page Caving links Sherry Mayo's links page ... Caving links that you can add to (Poland) Caving links that you can add to (USA) CaverNet links page Organisations and Conferences Limestone and Water Resources: A Technical Basis for Sustainable Development 6th International Pseudokarst Symposium Bat Conservation Trust (UK) Cave Research Foundation ... TROGNET (William Pengelly Cave Studies Trust Ltd) Underground Photographer magazine Scientific Cave Biology Biospeleology (Cave biology) Cave Creatures Live Without Light Exeter Speleothem Research Group Database Council of Northern Caving Clubs Technical Group (Anchor replacement programme) Miscellaneous Cave Picture Postcards and Ephemera ... notes for collectors Cave Scanner Limestone Research Group (University of Huddersfield) World Cave Database Longest and deepest caves Memoirs of a Moldywarp (exploration in the Northern Dales) Souterrains (Artificial cavities) Souterrains in the Netherlands Caving clip art Virtual Cave (Includes information on all speleothem types) Virtual Cavern 3D cave visualizations Pooh Caving (not Winnie The Pooh!)

32. Bats In Caves cave biology. Graham Proudlove of the Northern Pennine Club g.proudlove@umist.ac.ukcan be contacted. with any general cave biology questions. http://www.redrosecpc.demon.co.uk/easegill/text/bats.htm

Bats in Easegill Caves See North Yorkshire Bat Group for more info What's a Bat? The only MAMMAL (order Chiroptera) capable of true flight. Numbering between 1,000 and 2,000 species, bats range in size from less than 1 in. (2.5 cm) to 15 in. (45 cm), with a wingspan of from less than 2 in. (5 cm) to 5 ft (150 cm). The body is furry and mouselike, with the forelimbs and extensions of the skin of the back and belly modified to form wings. Bats are most abundant in the tropics, and temperate species often hibernate or migrate to warmer areas in the winter. Most species frequent crevices, caves, or buildings, and are active at night or twilight; they roost during the day, often in large numbers and usually hanging by their feet. Most bats see well but depend on echolocation to navigate in the dark. Bats are fruit-eaters (fruit, nectar, pollen) or insect-eaters (fruit, insects, small animals, and fish); one species, the South American vampire bat, feeds exclusively on the blood of living animals, chiefly mammals. Though there are lots of bat species worldwide there are only 14 in the UK and not all those occur in the north of England e.g. no Horseshoe bats in the north.

33. Ease Gill Caverns Conservation Work cave biology Group. Graham Proudlove at UMIST runs a cave biology email discussiongroup for cave biology. Contact the website below for more details. http://www.redrosecpc.demon.co.uk/easegill/text/conservation.htm

EASE GILL CAVERNS CONSERVATION Introduction The Ease Gill Caves System forms part of the Leck Beck Head Catchment Area S.S.S.I. administered by English Nature. See page on Damage to Formations Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) Sites of Special Scientific Interest are notified by English Nature because of their plants, animals or geological or physiographical features. Most SSSIs are privately owned or managed. About 40% are owned or managed by public bodies such as the Forestry Commission, Ministry of Defence and The Crown Estate, or by the voluntary conservation movement. SSSIs cover approximately 7% of England's total area. English Nature liaises with about 23,000 owners and occupiers on these sites. Casterton Fell area is owned by the Bowring family. What are Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs)? SSSIs are notified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, in recognition of their special biological and/or geological interest, having been selected according to rigorous and published guidelines. Together they comprise a nationally important series of areas representing all that is best in England's natural heritage. Yet they do not stand alone -they are part of the characteristic natural areas that are England's countryside and they depend on how the remaining countryside is cared for by our society. Why is the Ease Gill Caverns System an S.S.S.I.

34. EBroadcast Internet Directories :: You'll Find It At The Internet Directories! url www.ccl.umist.ac.uk/staff/grahamp/intro.htm. Biospeleology (cave biology)Add to favorites Texas Memorial Museum's web site on biospeleology. http://www.ebroadcast.com.au/cgi-bin/etopic/index.cgi?base=/Science/Biology/Ecol

35. Caves 4, Biospeleology (cave biology). Texas Memorial Museum's web siteon biospeleology. 7, Graham Proudlove's cave biology EMail List. http://www.ad.com/Recreation/Outdoors/Speleology/__Cave_Biology/

search Top Categories: Bats Anchialine Caves and Cave Fauna Research on the diversity, significance and distribution of cave animals in anchialine caves coastal caves formed in limestone or volcanic rock and flooded with seawater. Category: Science > Biology > Ecology > Ecosystems > Caves http://www.cavebiology.org/ Biological Investigations of Diana Northup Publications and other information on cave microbiology research at sites including Lechuguilla cave and Cueva de Villa Luz. Category: Science > Biology > Ecology > Ecosystems > Caves http://www.i-pi.com/~diana/ Biospeleology Illinois Natural History Survey web site. Within caves a diverse biota may be found, exhibiting varying degrees of adaptation to the subterranean environment. Information and links about cave habit Category: Science > Biology > Ecology > Ecosystems > Caves http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~sjtaylor/cave/biospeleol.html Biospeleology (cave biology) Texas Memorial Museum's web site on biospeleology. Information on the biota of caves, karst, and groundwater. Category: Science > Biology > Ecology > Ecosystems > Caves http://www.utexas.edu/depts/tnhc/.www/biospeleology/

36. Listings Of The World Science Biology Ecology Ecosystems http//www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~sjtaylor/cave/biospeleol.html Added Nov-27-02; Biospeleology(cave biology) Post Review Texas Memorial Museum's web site on http://listingsworld.com/Science/Biology/Ecology/Ecosystems/Caves/

37. Biospeleological Links Graham Proudlove's cave biology List. Then, after the enrolment, in order to envoya message to the list, you must write to the address cavebiology@mcc.ac.uk. http://digilander.libero.it/enrlana/e_linkb.htm

Biospeleology of the Piemonte (North-western Italy) Systematic Photographic Atlas Web page created and updated by Enrico LANA Italiano Français English Español ... Deutsche Other Biospeleological sites: Graham Proudlove's Cave Biology List On the initiative of Graham Proudlove has been open in Great Britain a mail-list completely dedicated to the exchange of biospeleological informations. To enrol in this list you must envoy a mail to the address: majordomo@mcc.ac.uk writing only the message: SUBSCRIBE CAVE-BIOLOGY Then, after the enrolment, in order to envoy a message to the list, you must write to the address: cave-biology@mcc.ac.uk Suggested italian site (in English language) Groundwater Biology Home Page Complete site on the groundwater systems Biology by prof. Giuseppe L. Pesce Others italian sites: Biospeleologia 1 Biospeleologia 2 Lorenzo Grassi sites Laboratorio di Biologia Sotterranea di Verona The underground laboratory in Verona (that is: G. Caoduro's exploit) Suggested international sites: Biospeleology Site of the Texas Memorial Museum, with splendid photos performed by William R. Elliott Anchialine caves and Cave Fauna of the world Site on the fauna of the marine caves updated by Thomas R. Iliffe.

38. SIBIOS Websites - Les Sites De La Société Internationale De Biospéologie Graham Proudlove's cave biology email list gives regular informations about subterraneanecosystems and cave life to a world wide net of speleologists and http://www.fi.cnr.it/sibios/websites.htm

The SIBIOS WEBSITES SIBIOS eyes watching the WEB Under the Duomo Since 2002 the SIBIOS-website is harboured on the CNR-server at Firenze (Italy) on the url http://www.fi.cnr.it/sibios/default.htm You may also reach us on the address http://www.sibios.org On the behalf of Perseus The SIBIOS webgroup is composed of Danilo ALLEGRINI Technical support Jean-Jacques GEOFFROY [Brunoy / Paris, France] Web editor, Webmaster Giuseppe MESSANA [Firenze, Italy] Sibios President, CNR contact, website structure Jos NOTENBOOM [Bilthoven, The Netherlands] Website structure Graham PROUDLOVE [Manchester, UK] Raymond TERCAFS Weblinks and structure THIS SITE IS NO MORE VALID FOR SIBIOS INFORMATIONS !!! Some biospeleological and bibliographical data available on http://members.aol.com/blebre0760/index.htm Graham Proudlove's Cave Biology e-mail list gives regular informations about subterranean ecosystems and cave life to a world wide net of speleologists and biospeleologists. Any information should be sent to Graham's e-mail address g.proudlove@umist.ac.uk

39. Caves Website Results :: Linkspider UK Biospeleology in Canada and on the WWW Includes a directory of biospeleology researchersworldwide, Canadian cave biology directory, and many internet links. http://www.linkspider.co.uk/Science/Biology/Ecology/Ecosystems/Caves/

Caves Websites from Linkspider UK Keyword: Caves Linkspider UK Directory Caves Search for Directory Tree: Top Science Biology Ecology ... Ecosystems : Caves (19) Add URL Advertise Here! Personalize Amazon ... Bats See Also: Recreation: Outdoors: Speleology Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna Science: Earth Sciences: Geology: Geomorphology: Caves and Karst Biospeleology - Illinois Natural History Survey web site. Within caves a diverse biota may be found, exhibiting varying degrees of adaptation to the subterranean environment. Information and links about cave habitats and fauna, as well as cave protection and related topics. Caving Canada: Biospeleology in Canada and on the WWW - Includes a directory of biospeleology researchers worldwide, Canadian cave biology directory, and many internet links. Biospeleology (cave biology) - Texas Memorial Museum's web site on biospeleology. Information on the biota of caves, karst, and groundwater. Anchialine Caves and Cave Fauna - Research on the diversity, significance and distribution of cave animals in anchialine caves coastal caves formed in limestone or volcanic rock and flooded with seawater. Graham Proudlove's Cave Biology E-Mail List - Subscription instructions for e-mail list for scientific discussion of cave biology.

40. CAVE1 cave biology RESEARCH, http://biology.uky.edu/Cooper/CAVE1.htm

CAVE BIOLOGY RESEARCH Back to General Research See the Cave Trip Page Back to Home Page Jump to Sensory Research If your interested and learning more about caving, you are welcome to attend the BLUEGRASS GROTTO MEETINGS (a very prestigious local caving group). For more information see (hot linked): http://www.webpub.com/jhagee/bgg.html Sloan's Valley Conservation Task Force, National Speleological Society (NSS) (1997-present). As a member of this task force I work to protect the ecology and educate the public concerning the 23.5 miles of the Sloan Valley Cave system in Kentucky. We monitor the water quality and status of the biota throughout the cave system. We also have implemented an experimental research station to observe the behavioural interactions of various species of blind cave-adapted crayfish. There are a number of recent concerns that the task force is working on related to agricultural pollutants and run off from county landfills that affect the cave biology and cave dynamics. Dr. Hiliary Lambert Hopper is the founder and director o

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