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63. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
copernicus, nicolaus (14731543), Polish astronomer, best known for his astronomicaltheory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe, and that
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Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Special thanks to the Microsoft Corporation for their contribution to our site. The following information came from Microsoft Encarta. Here is a hyperlink to the Microsoft Encarta home page. http://www.encarta.msn.com
Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, best known for his astronomical theory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe, and that the earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the sun. This is called the heliocentric, or sun-centered, system. See Astronomy; Solar System. Early Life and Education Return to Poland From 1503 to 1510, Copernicus lived in his uncle's bishopric palace in Lidzbark Warminski, assisting in the administration of the diocese and in the conflict against the Teutonic Knights. There he published his first book, a Latin translation of letters on morals by a 7th-century Byzantine writer, Theophylactus of Simocatta. Sometime between 1507 and 1515, he completed a short astronomical treatise, De Hypothesibus Motuum Coelestium a se Constitutis Commentariolus (known as the Commentariolus), which was not published until the 19th century. In this work he laid down the principles of his new heliocentric astronomy. After moving to Frauenburg in 1512, Copernicus took part in the Fifth Lateran Council's commission on calendar reform in 1515; wrote a treatise on money in 1517; and began his major work, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), which was finished by 1530 but was first published by a Lutheran printer in Nuremberg, Germany, just before Copernicus's death in 1543.

64. Untitled
nicolaus copernicus. Click here for full size picture. Introduction.A major contribution to Western thought was the publication in
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Nicolaus Copernicus Click here for full size picture Introduction A major contribution to Western thought was the publication in 1543 of De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, libri VI (Eng. trans., On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, 1952; Latin reprint, 1965) by Copernicus, Polish astronomer, who is noted for the Copernican theory of the heavens. By attributing to the Earth a daily motion around its own axis and a yearly motion around the stationary Sun, Copernicus developed an idea that had far-reaching implications for the rise of modern science. Henceforth, the Earth could no longer be considered the centre of the cosmos; rather, as one celestial body among many, it became subject to mathematical description. Early life and education Copernicus' fame as an industrious student of astronomy rapidly increased, and in 1514 he was invited to give his opinion on calendar reform, which was then being considered by the Lateran Council, a general meeting of the church authorities. He refused to express any firm views, for he felt that the positions of the Sun and Moon were not known with sufficient accuracy to permit a proper reassessment. Dissatisfaction with the Ptolemaic system Copernicus concluded that, in view of the many circles and their displacements from the center of the Earth that the Ptolemaic system required to account for the observed motions of heavenly bodies, a simpler, alternative explanation might be possible. In consequence, he read the works of many original Greek authors and found that, indeed, heliocentric ideas had been suggested. The idea of a moving Earth seemed absurd at first, but, when Copernicus applied this assumption, the result was an aesthetically superior, although not much simpler, system, even though, as might be expected, he still believed that the planets moved with uniform circular motion. After many years of mathematical calculations, he became convinced that his new idea was true, yet he made no attempt to publish.

65. The Scientists: Nicolas Copernicus.
Short biographical article includes links to articles on related topics.Category Kids and Teens School Time copernicus, nicolaus...... Nicolas copernicus (14731543). copernicus is said to be the founder of modernastronomy. 1 I quote from Chambers Biographical Dictionary copernicus
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[Back To The Scientists List] Nicolas Copernicus
Copernicus is said to be the founder of modern astronomy. He was born in Poland, and eventually was sent off to Cracow University, there to study mathematics and optics; at Bologna, canon law. Returning from his studies in Italy, Copernicus, through the influence of his uncle, was appointed as a canon in the cathedral of Frauenburg where he spent a sheltered and academic life for the rest of his days. Because of his clerical position, Copernicus moved in the highest circles of power; but a student he remained. For relaxation Copernicus painted and translated Greek poetry into Latin. His interest in astronomy gradually grew to be one in which he had a primary interest. His investigations were carried on quietly and alone, without help or consultation. He made his celestial observations from a turret situated on the protective wall around the cathedral, observations were made "bare eyeball," so to speak, as a hundred more years were to pass before the invention of the telescope. In 1530, Copernicus completed and gave to the world his great work De Revolutionibus , which asserted that the earth rotated on its axis once daily and traveled around the sun once yearly: a fantastic concept for the times. Up to the time of Copernicus the thinkers of the western world believed in the Ptolemiac theory that the universe was a closed space bounded by a spherical envelope beyond which there was nothing.

66. Copernicus, Nicolaus
HUTCHINSON ENCYCLOPEDIA. copernicus, nicolaus. Believing that the theoriesof Ptolemy regarding the Earth as the centre of the universe
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HUTCHINSON ENCYCLOPEDIA Copernicus, Nicolaus Believing that the theories of Ptolemy regarding the Earth as the centre of the universe were too complicated, Copernicus turned to earlier Greek astronomers such as Aristarchus and Hipparchus. His deduction that the Earth is a moving planet was developed by later astronomers such as Kepler and Galileo. (Image Â© Archive Photos) Polish astronomer who believed that the Sun, not the Earth, is at the centre of the Solar System, thus defying the Christian church doctrine of the time. For 30 years, he worked on the hypothesis that the rotation and the orbital motion of the Earth are responsible for the apparent movement of the heavenly bodies. His great work De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium/On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres was the important first step to the more accurate picture of the Solar System built up by Tycho Brahe Kepler Galileo , and later astronomers.

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69. ResAnet Results Summary
Search Term(s) copernicus, nicolaus, 14731543, 7 matches found. Recordcopernicus,nicolaus, 1473-1543. Recordcopernicus, nicolaus, 1473-1543. Complete works.
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Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543. Three Copernican treatises : the Commentariolus of Copernicus, the Letter against Werner, the Narratio prima of Rheticus / Translated with introd. and notes by Edward Rosen. 2d ed., rev. ; with an annotated Copernicus bibliography, 1939-1958. New York : Dover Publications, [1959].
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543. Complete works. London : Macmillan, 1972-
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543. Nicolai Copernici Torinensis De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, libri VI. Bruxelles : Culture et Civilisation, 1966.
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543. Des révolutions des orbes célestes / Nicolas Copernic; traduction avec introd. et notes par A. Koyré. Paris : A. Blanchard, 1970.
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543. Oeuvres complètes / Nicolas Copernic. Version française. Paris : Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1973-

70. Copernicus, Nicolaus 1473-1543
copernicus, nicolaus. Astronom. Född 147302-19. Död 1543-05-24 iFrauenburg. Far Kopernigk, nicolaus Köpman i Krakau och Thorn.
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71. Nicolaus Copernicus
copernicus, nicolaus copernicus, nicolaus (14731543), Polish for atleast another century. nicolaus copernicus .
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Main Where is Poland Basics Environment ... Other resources Copernicus, Nicolaus
Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, best known for his astronomical theory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe, and that the earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the sun. This is called the heliocentric, or sun-centered, system.
Early Life and Education
Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473, in Thorn (now Torun), Poland, to a family of merchants and municipal officials. Copernicus's maternal uncle, Bishop Lukasz Watzenrode, saw to it that his nephew obtained a solid education at the best universities.
Copernicus entered Jagiellonian University in 1491, studied the liberal arts for four years without receiving a degree, and then, like many Poles of his social class, went to Italy to study medicine and law. Before he left, his uncle had him appointed a church administrator in Frauenberg (now Frombork); this was a post with financial responsibilities but no priestly duties.
In January 1497 Copernicus began to study canon law at the University of Bologna while living in the home of a mathematics professor, Domenico Maria de Novara. Copernicus's geographical and astronomical interests were greatly stimulated by Domenico Maria, an early critic of the accuracy of the Geography of the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy. Together, the two men observed the occultation (the eclipse by the moon) of the star Aldebaran on March 9, 1497.

72. Glossary Of People: Co
Cook, Arthur J. (18851931). Leftist leader of the British union movementand the Anglo-Russian Committee. copernicus, nicolaus (1473 - 1543).
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Comte, Auguste (1798 - 1857) Founder of positivism Comte's most important acquaintance in Paris was Henri de Saint-Simon , one of the founders of socialism and one of the first to see the importance of economic organisation in modern society. Comte's ideas were very similar to Saint-Simon's, and some of his earliest articles appeared in Saint-Simon's publications. There were distinct differences in the two men's viewpoints and scientific backgrounds, however, and Comte eventually broke with Saint-Simon. In 1826 Comte began a series of lectures on his "system of positive philosophy" for a private audience, but he soon suffered a serious nervous breakdown. He made an almost complete recovery from his symptoms the following year, and in 1828/29 he again took up his projected lecture series. This was so successfully concluded that he re-delivered it at the Royal Athenaeum. The following 12 years were devoted to his publication of his philosophy in Course of Positive Philosophy During the remainder of his life he was supported in part by English admirers such as John Stuart Mill Comte devoted the years after the death of Clotilde de Vaux to composing his other major work, the

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74. Nicolaus Copernicus - Eduseek
Links. Copernican System copernicus, nicolaus - Nicholas copernicus ChangedThe World - The Copernican Model - copernicus, nicolaus (1473-1543) -.
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75. World Almanac For Kids
copernicus, nicolaus (14731543), Polish astronomer, best known for his astronomicaltheory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe, and that
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'); else document.write(''); // This script will choose the CSS (stylesheet) to use based on browser // End > EXPLORE ANIMALS ENVIRONMENT HISTORICAL BIRTHDAYS ... home Contents
Early Life and Education.
Return to Poland.
Early 16th-Century Cosmology.
The Copernican System and Its Influence.

COPERNICUS, Nicolaus earth , spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the sun . This is called the heliocentric, or sun-centered, system.
Early Life and Education. top L Geography of the 2d-century astronomer Ptolemy . Together, the two men observed the occultation (the eclipse by the moon) of the star Aldebaran on March 9, 1497. In 1500 Copernicus lectured on astronomy
Return to Poland. top De Hypothesibus Motuum Coelestium a se Constitutis Commentariolus (known as the Commentariolus ), which was not published until the 19th century. In this work he laid down the principles of his new heliocentric astronomy. De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
Early 16th-Century Cosmology. top The cosmology that was eventually replaced by Copernican theory postulated a geocentric universe in which the earth was stationary and motionless at the center of several concentric, rotating spheres. These spheres bore (in order from the earth outward) the following celestial bodies: the

76. Copernicus Links
Nicolas copernicus. Quotations from copernicus; Life of nicolaus copernicus;copernicus, Nicolas; The Copernican Model A SunCentered Solar System;
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Nicolas Copernicus
Quotations from Copernicus Life of Nicolaus Copernicus Copernicus, Nicolas The Copernican Model: A Sun-Centered Solar System ... Dedication of the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
by Nicolaus Copernicus (Link down on 2/24/01) The Copernican Model: A Sun-Centered Solar System Nicolaus Copernicus Biographies: Nicolas Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Nicolaus Copernicus ... Nicolaus Copernicus From the Catholic Encyclopedia (Link down on 2/24/01)

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77. Documenta Copernicana I. Briefe, Texte Und Übersetzungen. Copernicus Nicolaus

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Documenta Copernicana I. Briefe, Texte und Übersetzungen. Copernicus Nicolaus
Titel: Documenta Copernicana I. Briefe, Texte und Übersetzungen.
Autor: Copernicus Nicolaus
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78. Research
Kids and Teens School Time Science Scientists copernicus, nicolaus (7).MSN Learning Research Plus copernicus, nicolaus Encyclopedia
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79. Temple Of Nicolaus Copernicus
copernicus, nicolaus (14731543), Polish astronomer, best known for his theorythat the sun is at rest near the center of the universe and that the earth
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Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, best known for his theory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe and that the earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the sun. See Astronomy; Solar System. II Life Born in Thorn (now Torun) Copernicus went to Italy about 1495 to study medicine and law. In 1497 he began to study canon law at the University of Bologna while living in the home of a mathematics professor, who greatly stimulated Copernicus's geographical and astronomical interests. In 1500 Copernicus lectured on astronomy in Rome. He received a doctorate in canon law from Ferrara in 1503 and returned to Poland. Sometime between 1507 and 1515, he completed a short astronomical treatise, De Hypothesibus Motuum Coelestium a se Constitutis Commentariolus (known as the Commentariolus), not published until the 19th century, in which he laid down the principles of his new astronomy. After moving to Frauenburg in 1512, Copernicus began his major work, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, finished by 1530 but not published until just before his death in 1543. III The Copernican System and Its Influence As well as arguing that the earth rotates daily on its axis and revolves yearly around the sun, Copernicus held that the planets also circle the sun, and that the earth precesses on its axis, wobbling like a top, as it rotates. The Copernican system retained many features of the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, including solid, planet-bearing spheres and a finite outermost sphere bearing the fixed stars. Copernicus's calculations of astronomical positions were neither decisively simpler nor more accurate than those of his predecessors, and parts of his theory were adopted, while the radical core was ignored or rejected.

80. Willkommen Im Nicolaus Copernicus Planetarium
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