Book Description
THIS 42 PAGE ARTICLE WAS EXTRACTED FROM THE BOOK: Essays in Philosophical Criticism, by Bernard Bosanquet. To purchase the entire book, please order ISBN 0766190293. ... Read more

Book Description
LOGIC OR THE MORPHOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE BY BERNARD BOSANQUET M. A., LL. D., D. C. L. FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II SECOND EDITION OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1911 TABLE OF CONTENTS BOOK II. INFERENCE CHAPTER I THH NATURE OF INFERENCE PAGE 1. The Ksseiice of Inference ...... I 2. Some Accidents of Inference ...--4 i. Mental transition in Time ..... 4 II. Discovery or novelty ..- in. Omission of relevant matter . .... 8 iv. Selection, and omiss gy f jyj w p matter . . 12 v. Three terms . . . .12 3. The lower limit of Inference . . . - - 4 i. The reproduction of Ideas . . - - 4 n. General necessity of Judgment . . 5 in. Specific necessity of Judgment . . . .17 iv The true immediate Inferences . . - 19 a. Comparison . - 1 9 0. Abstraction ....... 20 7. Recognition . . . .22 . Discrimination, etc. ...-24 t. Inferential character of above processes . . 25 f. Comparative Science . . - .25 4. Species of Inference which have been erroneously identified with its principle ......--27 i. Inference from particulars to particulars ... 27 11. Subsumption .,..-2 III. Calculation and equation ..... 29 u. Calculation proper ....-3 6. The Equational Logic . - - 3 1 iv. Construction . . - - - - 33 . Physical ....--34 i. Imaginative . . . - - - - 35 7. Intellectual, 111 geometry and mechanics . . 36 5. Intellectual, without limitation to geometry and mechanics ....--37 Scheme ot types ol Inference ...... 39 APPKNDIX ON SYMLJOLIC I OGIC l he contrast of Formal or Mathematical Logic Russell with Philosophical Logic .....-4O i. The point of divergence between the two ... 40 a. As indicated above in this work taking Quantity as characteristic of Mathematics ... 40 H. Taking pure Mathematics as Formal Logic as study of implications . 42 vi Table of Contents PAGE The contrast of Formal or Mathematical Logic etc. continued 2. Precise nature of the divergence .... 45 Contrast of Modes of Formal Deduction with ideal of Logical Stability. . . . . . - 45 a. Meaning of Logical Stability ... 45 . Formal Logic cares more for forms of Deduction 46 CHAPTER II ENUMERATIVE INDUCTION AND MATHEMATICAL REASONING 1. Enumerative Induction . . . . . . 50 a. Syllogism in fig. 3 . . . . - 5 j9. Divergent tendencies . . . . .52 7. The Individual Judgment in Induction Lotze . 53 2. Mathematical Reasoning . . . . . . 55 i. Number and Analogy Divergence . . - 55 a. Complete Enumeration as false Ideal. Syllogism and Induction . . . . . - 55 0. Enumeration as Arithmetical computation . 58 7. Calculation compared with argument . . 60 11. Applications of Calculation ..... 62 o. Substitutive Inference ..... 62 . Apprehension of Connections in Space and Time 64 7. Calculation applied to Geometrical Reasoning. The Constitutive Equation ..... 68 5. Calculation applied to disparates. Proportion . 73 1 Homogeneous Terms . . . - 73 2 a and a series ..... 74 . Proportion, Analogy, and the Hypothetical Judg ment ........ 77 C. Consciousness and Conservation of energy . . 79 iii. The mechanical aspect of Knowledge . . .81 CHAPTER III ANALOGY 1. Analogy and Enumerative Induction. Examples . . 86 2. Logical criticism of the Analogical argument ... 90 i. Fig. 2. Undistributed middle, Import of this defect 90 ii. Real value of Analogical argument . . , . 92 iii. No ratio of Identities to Differences . . .100 iv. Concurrent Analogies. Negative confirmation . .104 v. Divergent tendencies in Analogy .... 107 Table of Contents vii CHAPTER IV SCIENTIFIC INDUCTION BY PERCEPTIVE ANALYSIS PAGE 1. Negative Inference . . . . . . . .109 i. Its nature and conditions . . . . .109 ii. No conclusion from two negatives . . . .112 iii. The negative instance . . . . . .115 2. Scientific Induction . . . . . . . .117 i. Induction and other Inference . . . 117 ii. Induction as Perceptive Analysis . . . .122 a. Symbolic expression of the problem . . 122 j3. Establishment of ordinary Hypothetical Judgment 124 y. Establishment of reciprocal Hypothetical Judgment 127 fi... ... Read more