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This brief text assists students in understanding Carnap's philosophy and thinking so they can more fully engage in useful, intelligent class dialogue and improve their understanding of course content. Part of the Wadsworth Notes Series, (which will eventually consist of approximately 100 titles, each focusing on a single "thinker" from ancient times to the present), ON CARNAP is written by a philosopher deeply versed in the philosophy of this key thinker. Like other books in the series, this concise book offers sufficient insight into the thinking of a notable philosopher, better enabling students to engage in reading and to discuss the material in class and on paper. ... Read more

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Brief description of the philosophy of Carnap
This book is a brief description of the philosophy of Carnap. You should buy it if you eare interrested in it. There is nothing about the life of Carnap, and not too detailed, academical discussion of his views. But it is a good work in such a short span. ... Read more

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A new direction in philosophy
Between 1920 and 1940 logical empiricism reset the direction of philosophy of science and much of the rest of Anglo-American philosophy. It began as a relatively organized movement centered on the Vienna Circle, and like-minded philosophers elsewhere, especially in Berlin. As Europe drifted into the Nazi era, several important figures, especially Carnap and Neurath, also found common ground in their liberal politics and radical social agenda. Together, the logical empiricists set out to reform traditional philosophy with a new set of doctrines more firmly grounded in logic and science.

Criticism and decline
Because of Nazi persecution, most of the European adherents of logical empiricism moved to the United States in the late 1930s. During the 1940s, many of their most cherished tenets became targets of criticism from outsiders as well as from within their own ranks. Philosophers of science in the late 1950s and 1960s rejected logical empiricism and, starting in the 1970s, presented such alternative programs such as scientific realism with evolutionary epistemology.

A resurgence of interest
During the early 1980s, philosophers and historians of philosophy began to study logical empiricism as an important movement. Unlike their predecessors in the 1960s-for whom the debate over logical empiricism now seems to have been largely motivated by professional politics-these philosopher no longer have to take positions for or against logical empiricism. The result has been a more balanced view of that movement, its achievements, its failures, and its influence.

Hard-to-find core writings now available
This collection makes available a selection of the most influential and representative writings of the logical empiricists, important contemporary criticisms of their doctrines, their responses, as well as the recent reappraisals. Introductions to each volume examine the articles in historical context and provide important background information that is vital to a full understanding of the issues discussed. They outline prevalent trends, identifying leading figures and summarize their positions and reasoning, as well as those of opposing thinkers. ... Read more

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Available for the first time in 20 years, here is the Rudolf Carnap's famous "principle of tolerance" by which everyone is free to mix and match the rules of language and logic. In The Logical Syntax of Language, Carnap explains how his entire theory of language structure came to him like a vision when he was ill. He postulates that concepts of the theory of logic are purely syntactical and therefore can be formulated in logical syntax. ... Read more

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Two volume set includes the 10 numbers of Volume 1 of the Encyclopedia. ... Read more

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Chapters: Johannes Kepler, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Graf, Prince Georg of Bavaria, Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller, Moritz Schlick, Otto Loewi, Frederick Francis Iv, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, Gottfried Heinrich Graf Zu Pappenheim, Max Hansen, Willy Schmidt-Gentner, Carl Zuckmayer, Brigitte Hamann, Horst Blankenburg, Jakob Wassermann, George Phillips, Philipp Jakob Riotte, Conradin Kreutzer, Kurt Linder, Georg Friedrich Treitschke, Hilde Zadek, Alois Von Brinz, Rudolf Moralt. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 127. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Johannes Kepler (German pronunciation: ; December 27, 1571 November 15, 1630) was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, and key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution. He is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy. They also provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation. During his career, Kepler was a mathematics teacher at a seminary school in Graz, Austria, an assistant to astronomer Tycho Brahe, the imperial mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II and his two successors Matthias and Ferdinand II, a mathematics teacher in Linz, Austria, and an adviser to General Wallenstein. He also did fundamental work in the field of optics, invented an improved version of the refracting telescope (the Keplerian Telescope), and helped to legitimize the telescopic discoveries of his contemporary Galileo Galilei. Kepler lived in an era when there was no clear distinction between astronomy and astrology, but there was a strong division between astronomy (a branch of mathematics within the liberal arts) and physics (a branch of natural philosophy). Kepler also incorporated religious...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=15736 ... Read more

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Kapitel: Clyde Tombaugh, Christopher Isherwood, T. C. Boyle, Richard Bellman, António Damásio, Karl Bühler, Rudolf Carnap, Oswald Mathias Ungers, Hans Reichenbach, Marija Gimbutas, Peter Drucker, Ludwig Marcuse, Deepak Lal, Jared Diamond, Frederick Mayer, Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller, Charles Seeger, Arvid Pardo, Leonard Adleman, Saul Friedländer, Alexander Stephan, Ludwig Von Bertalanffy, Jacques Waardenburg, Robert Von Dassanowsky, Morton Subotnick, Tyler Burge, Benjamin Klein, Carlo Ginzburg, Robert Paul Brenner, Selma Rosenfeld, Leo Buerger, Carla Anderson Hills, Karl S. Guthke, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Karl With, Charlotte Bühler, Philippa Foot, Terence Tao, Brian Moore, William Henry Oldendorf, Michael Dukakis, Scott Soames, Harold Garfinkel, Stanley Osher, Ricardo Legorreta Vilchis, Dominik Perler, James Newton, Irving L. Lichtenstein, Abraham Robinson, Jacques Maquet, Michael Arbib, Richard Montague, Lukas Foss, Lynne G. Zucker, Lenn Evan Goodman, Robert Bruce Merrifield, Joy Paul Guilford, Lloyd S. Shapley, Leonard Maltin, George A. Olah, Ivan Sokolnikoff, Eugen Weber, Antonio Loprieno, Roberto Peccei, Alexander Merkurjev, David D. Friedman, Peter Henrici, Michael E. Phelps, Edwin F. Beckenbach, Franz Alexander, Ernst Gabor Straus, Andrew Majda, Stephen Toulmin, Bob Goss, Daniel Polz, Evelyn Hooker, George Bohanon, Anthony J. Demaria, Max August Zorn, Paul Delos Boyer, Hans Medick, Peter Lyman, Giulia Sissa, Joseph Wolpe, Winfried Bühler, Harold Land, Antony C. Sutton, Anthony Oberschall, Christoph Von Der Malsburg, Leon Knopoff, Catherine Opie, Herbert Busemann, Bernard Comrie, Lai-Sang Young, Jun John Sakurai, Helen Tappan, Robert Schatten, John A. Agnew, Eric Owen Moss, Michael Crandall, Tom Wudl, Gustav Edmund Von Grunebaum, Helen Landgarten, Donald A. Martin, Hans Wagener, Paul Frommer, David Boder, William J. Mitchell, Andreas Kemmerling, Herta Glaz, Allan Abbott, John Perry, John Hospers, Judith Halberstam, ...http://booksllc.net/?l=de ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Empirisme Logique, Moritz Schlick, Rudolf Carnap, La Conception Scientifique Du Monde : le Cercle de Vienne, Théorie Vérificationniste de La Signification, Gustav Bergmann, Alfred Jules Ayer, Otto Neurath, Hans Hahn, Herbert Feigl. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : L'empirisme logique (parfois nommé positivisme logique, néo-positivisme, ou empirisme rationnel) est une école philosophique principalement illustrée par le Cercle de Vienne, fondé par un groupe réunissant des scientifiques et philosophes viennois dans les années 1920. Même si le positivisme logique est connu pour ses thèses radicales, le Cercle de Vienne était avant tout un lieu de discussion entre scientifiques, (Niels Bohr et Einstein y sont occasionnellement intervenus) et philosophes qui ne partageaient pas les mêmes convictions. Il se forme autour du philosophe Moritz Schlick, et on y trouve notamment les mathématiciens Hans Hahn, Kurt Gödel et Karl Menger, le physicien Philipp Frank, le sociologue Otto Neurath, les philosophes Rudolf Carnap et Victor Kraft, ainsi que des étudiants en philosophie comme Friedrich Waismann et Herbert Feigl. À la même époque, à Berlin, des sympathisants se regroupent autour de Hans Reichenbach et de la Gesellschaft für Empirische Philosophie (Société pour la philosophie empirique). Fondée en 1928, celle-ci accueillit Carl Gustav Hempel, Richard von Mises, David Hilbert et Kurt Grelling. Le Cercle de Vienne est l'auteur d'un manifeste, publié en 1929 sous le titre La conception scientifique du monde, où il expose ses thèses principales. On peut aussi citer Alfred J. Ayer, qui a résumé les grandes thèses du positivisme logique, dans son œuvre Langage, Vérité et Logique (1936). On peut brièvement synthé...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Carnap was born to a west German family that had been humble until his parents' generation. He began his formal education at the Barmen Gymnasium in Wuppertal. From 1910 to 1914, he attended the University of Jena, intending to write a thesis in physics. But he also carefully studied Kant's Critique of Pure Reason in a course taught by Bruno Bauch, and was one of very few students to take Frege's courses in mathematical logic. After serving in the German army during World War I for three years, he was given permission to study physics at the University of Berlin, 1917-18, where Albert Einstein was a newly appointed professor. Carnap then attended the University of Jena, where he wrote a thesis setting out an axiomatic theory of space and time. The physics department said it was too philosophical, and Bruno Bauch of the philosophy department said it was pure physics. ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Ludwig Wittgenstein, John Rawls, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Willard Van Orman Quine, Moritz Schlick, Rudolf Carnap, Hilary Putnam, Stanley Cavell, Charles Taylor, George Edward Moore, Stanisław Leśniewski, Jacques Bouveresse, John Mcdowell, Alfred North Whitehead, Saul Kripke, G. E. M. Anscombe, Pascal Engel, Wilfrid Sellars, Noël Carroll, Donald Davidson, Robert Nozick, Sandra Laugier, Peter Frederick Strawson, Stephen Neale, Peter Geach, Richard Rorty, Thomas Nagel, John Langshaw Austin, Nelson Goodman, Michael Martin, Denis Vernant, David M. Armstrong, David Lewis, Jerry Fodor, Vincent Descombes, Jan Woleński, Harry Frankfurt, Alfred Jules Ayer, Mario Bunge, Michael Dummett, Gilles Gaston Granger, Christiane Chauviré, Daniel Dennett, Casimir Lewy, Charles Travis, Norman Malcolm, Gilbert Ryle, Rush Rhees, Ruth Barcan Marcus, Robert Brandom, Frédéric Nef, Jonathan Dancy, Ruth Millikan, Philippe de Rouilhan, Gwilym Ellis Lane Owen, Barry Smith, Stig Kanger, Peter Winch, Gareth Evans, Crispin Wright, Fred Dretske, Antony Flew. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Bertrand Arthur William Russell (18 mai 1872, Trellech, Monmouthshire - 2 février 1970, près de Penrhyndeudraeth, Pays de Galles), 3 comte Russell, est un mathématicien, logicien, philosophe, épistémologue, homme politique et moraliste britannique. Considéré comme l'un des plus importants philosophes du siècle, avec une pensée qui peut être présentée selon trois grands axes. La logique et le fondement des mathématiques : Russell est, avec Frege, l'un des fondateurs de la logique contemporaine. Son ouvrage majeur, écrit avec Alfred North Whitehead, est Principia Mathematica. À la suite des travaux d'axiomatisation de l'arithmétique de Pe...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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Chapters: Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jürgen Habermas, Friedrich Engels, Arthur Schopenhauer, Martin Bormann, Rudolf Carnap, Ernst W. Mayr, Richard Strauss, Herbert Marcuse, Walter Ulbricht, Max Stirner, Bruno Bauer, Gerhard Richter, Günter Grass, Franz Leopold Neumann, Baron D'holbach, Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, Fritz Müller, Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Joseph Dietzgen, Michael Schmidt-Salomon, Lea Rosh, Till Lindemann, Karl Kautsky, Artur Axmann, Sigmar Polke, Johann Von Miquel, Wilhelm Pieck, Elly Winter, Marcus Siepen, Hans Beimler, Adolf Wagner, Sabine Jünger. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 316. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of modern communism. Marx summarized his approach in the first line of chapter one of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." Marx argued that capitalism, like previous socioeconomic systems, would inevitably produce internal tensions which would lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, he believed socialism would, in its turn, replace capitalism, and lead to a stateless, classless society called pure communism. This would emerge after a transitional period called the "dictatorship of the proletariat": a period sometimes referred to as the "workers state" or "workers' democracy". In section one of The Communist Manifesto Marx describes feudalism, capitalism, and the role internal social contradictions play in the historical process: Marx argued for a systemic understanding of socio-economic change. He argued that the structura...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=16743 ... Read more

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Der Erwerb des Buches enthält gleichzeitig die kostenlose Mitgliedschaft im Buchklub des Verlags zum Ausprobieren - dort können Sie von über einer Million Bücher ohne weitere Kosten auswählen. Das Buch besteht aus Wikipedia-Artikeln: Kurt Gödel, Logischer Empirismus, Rudolf Carnap, Victor Kraft, Otto Neurath, Carl Gustav Hempel, Richard von Mises, Moritz Schlick, Herbert Feigl, Gustav Bergmann, Philipp Frank, Hans Hahn, Protokollsatzdebatte, Karl Menger, International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, Eino Kaila, Friedrich Waismann, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Felix Kaufmann, Institut Wiener Kreis, Einheitswissenschaft, Schriften zur wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung,. Online finden Sie die kostenlose Aktualisierung der Bücher. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Kurt Friedrich Gödel (* 28. April 1906 in Brünn, Österreich-Ungarn, heute Brno, Tschechien; † 14. Januar 1978 in Princeton, New Jersey) war Mathematiker und einer der bedeutendsten Logiker des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er leistete maßgebliche Beiträge: Auch seine philosophischen Erörterungen zu den Grundlagen der Mathematik fanden weite Beachtung. Gödel stammte aus einer wohlhabenden großbürgerlichen Familie in Brünn in Mähren. Die Stadt Brünn hatte zur Geburtszeit Gödels eine deutschsprachige Bevölkerungsmehrheit und lag bis 1918 in der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie (heute: Tschechien). Seine Eltern waren Marianne (geb. Handschuh) und Rudolf August Gödel. Sein Vater war ein zu Wohlstand gelangter Textilunternehmer. Der Vater war katholisch, die Mutter evangelisch, die Kinder der Familie wurden evangelisch erzogen. Gödel, der, verursacht durch rheumatisches Fieber, in seiner Kindheit oft unter einem schlechten Gesundheitszustand litt, zeigte trotzdem schulische Bestleistungen. 1912 trat Gödel in die Privat-Volks- und Bürgerschule ein, vier Jahre später in das deutschsprachige Kaiserliche und Königliche Staatsrealgymnasium. Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurde die Stadt Brünn 1918/1919 Teil der ...http://booksllc.net/?l=de&id=2600 ... Read more