Geometry.Net - Physics: History Of Physics

Galileo And Einstein: Lecture Index
Full lecture notes from an introductory course taught at U of Virginia.Category Science physics history People An elementary review of these basic concepts in physics, placed here for the convenienceof nonscience majors who may be a little rusty on these things, and
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/lectures/lecturelist.html

Extractions: Babylon had in all probability the earliest written language. At the same time, an elegant system of weights and measures kept the peace in the marketplace. Their method of counting was in some ways better than our present one! We look at some ancient math tables, and ideas about Pythagoras' theorem 1,000 years before Pythagoras. In the ancient port city of Miletus, there took place a "discovery of nature": philosophers tried to understand natural phenomena without invoking the supernatural. The Greeks imported basic geometric ideas from Egypt, and developed them further. Members of the Pythagorean cult announced the famous theorem, and the (to them) alarming discovery of irrational numbers! The Greeks had some ideas about elements and atoms. Hippocrates looked for non-supernatural causes of disease. Plato formulated a rationale for higher education, and thought about atoms.
Atlatl History And Physics
styles. The author's atlatl is about 1/3 the length of the darts. Historyof the atlatl. The atlatl. The physics of the atlatl. Both
http://www.tasigh.org/ingenium/atlatl.html

Extractions: What is an atlatl Basically, the atlatl is a stick with a hook on the end used to increase the leverage in throwing a spear. Actually, the spear (called a dart or yaomitl ) is much more like an arrow. It has fletching added to stabilize flight and is quite flexible. The dart can come in many different lengths. By way of example, the author's has darts which are 7 feet long. The atlatl is the hooked stick used to throw the dart. It too can come in many different lengths and styles. The author's atlatl is about 1/3 the length of the darts.
Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons And Human Rights
A biography of Andrei Sakharov and his contributions to Soviet nuclear weapons research, nuclear fusion, cosmology, human rights, and world peace. Includes a bibliography and links to related sites.
http://www.aip.org/history/sakharov/

Extractions: Text Version ndrei Sakharov (1921-1989) was a Soviet physicist who became, in the words of the Nobel Peace Committee, a spokesman for the conscience of mankind . He was fascinated by fundamental physics and cosmology, but first he spent two decades designing nuclear weapons. He came to be regarded as the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, contributing perhaps more than anyone else to the military might of the USSR. But gradually Sakharov became one of the regimes most courageous critics, a defender of human rights and democracy. He could not be silenced, and helped bring down one of historys most powerful dictatorships. This exhibit tells about Sakharovs extraordinary life. This exhibit is brought to you by the Center for History of Physics a division of the
SSD History - Surface Physics
history of the Solid State Division SSD Home Table of Contents NextPage Previous Page. Surface physics. Surface physics research
http://www.ssd.ornl.gov/History/SurfacePhysics.html

Extractions: [SSD Home] [Table of Contents] [Next Page] [Previous Page] Surface Physics radiation damage and chemical properties of metal surfaces which focused on using both optical (real space) and diffraction (reciprocal space) techniques to investigate the termination of bulk defects with surfaces. Modern-day surface science was just beginning to take root during this period, and a new program, directed by Les Jenkins, was established to determine the physical and chemical properties of surfaces at the atomic scale. An initial focus of this program was on the determination of surface structure using the technique of low-energy electron diffraction. It was during this period that John Noonan and Harold Davis established a combined experimental and theoretical effort determining the surface structure of metals with unprecedented precision. Their research, starting with Cu(110), showed that surface relaxation was a natural consequence of bulk truncation and confirmed the emerging concept of multilayer relaxation at surfaces. During this same time, the first quantitative determination of excess surface density resulting from reconstruction [Au(100)] was determined using ion scattering, in conjunction with scientists from what was to become the Surface Modification and Characterization facility.
Aerodynamics In Sports Equipment, Recreation And Machines - Boomerang - Instruct
An article describing why a boomerang returns, based on the aerodynamics, the shape and the throwing Category Sports Boomerang Science it. However, most of us don't know the history of the boomerang orthe complex physics and aerodynamics involved. To understand
http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Sports/instructor/boomerang-01.html

Extractions: Most of us are familiar with the boomerang, the wonderful stick that returns when you throw it. However, most of us don't know the history of the boomerang or the complex physics and aerodynamics involved. To understand why a boomerang returns, we must look at the shape of the boomerang, the aerodynamics and physics. Finally, the correct throwing technique will be discussed. The killer-stick was simply a stick honed to have a cross-section similar to a modern day airfoil. This stick actually flew through the air at high speeds. It was given a rotation at launch for stability much like the discus and frisbee of today. The killer-stick could be thrown very far and with great accuracy.
RLE History - Plasma Physics Group
RLE history. Plasma physics group. See also
http://rleweb.mit.edu/groups/g-plahst.htm

Extractions: RLE History Plasma Physics group Gas discharges are observed in a magnetic field between the circular magnets by graduate student Benjamin Lax and Professor Sanborn C. Brown. Dr. Lax later joined the faculty in MIT's Department of Physics and became the first director of MIT's Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory in 1960. Professor Brown, an experimentalist and an authority on gaseous discharges in plasmas, collaborated with Professor William P. Allis, a theorist in the field. Their combined research led to a better understanding of the behavior of microwave gas discharges and high-density plasmas. (Photo courtesy MIT Museum) Although highly regarded for his theoretical research, Professor William P. Allis ventures into the laboratory to inspect a magnetic cusp, one of the early magnetic bottles used in RLE to contain hydrogen plasmas. (Photo courtesy MIT Museum) Professors George N. Hatsopoulos and Joseph Kaye of the Mechanical Engineering Department examine a model of a new thermionic energy conversion device which they invented to convert heat directly into electricity. The thermo-electron engine operated without any mechanical parts and was built with assistance from RLE's technicians and staff members. Professor Hatsopoulos joined the RLE faculty in 1960 to investigate thermionic energy conversion. (Photo courtesy MIT Museum) At the blackboard, Professor David J. Rose details the operation of the Wingerson magnetic corkscrew bottle to graduate students Richard C. Wingerson and James S. Tulenko. The corkscrew wire generated a magnetic field in the magnetic pipe which accelerated an entering gas particle. In combination with a magnetic bottle, it was anticipated that high-energy particles could be trapped to form a thermonuclear plasma. (Photo courtesy MIT Museum)
History Of Physics Authors/titles Recent Submissions
physics Floating to wherever the breeze may take you . .. history of Hot Air Ballooning French brothers, JosephMichel
http://xxx.lanl.gov/list/physics.hist-ph/recent
Physics: History: Engineering Physics
fully accredited programs in the nation. And our Engineering Physicsdegree program is the only one in New England! Back to history
http://inferno.asap.um.maine.edu/physics/timeline/EngPhysics.html

Extractions: Engineering Physics Curriculum In 1938 a radically new academic curriculum was developed for engineering and physics students providing an equitable mix of traditional physics courses and select engineering courses. The University of Maine shares (with the University of Kansas) the national distinction of being one of the first such programs to be accredited by the Engineers Council of Professorial Development (ECPD) in 1949. The University of Maine Engineering Physics curriculum has maintained this accreditation for nearly a half century. We are currently one of only ten fully accredited programs in the nation. And our Engineering Physics degree program is the only one in New England! Back to History
Basics - History And Physics Review
Stability Appendix . Primary Pages. Overview of This Chapter; Vectors,Forces and Moments; Bernoulli's Equation; history of Airfoil Design;
http://142.26.194.131/aerodynamics1/Basics/default.htm

Extractions: Text Contents Multi Engine Supersonic [ Basics ] Lift Drag Performance Controls ... Appendix Overview of This Chapter Vectors, Forces and Moments Bernoulli's Equation History of Airfoil Design ... Self Test - Basics Chapter NACA 4-digit Airfoils Airspeed Indicators Aircraft Axis- Bernoulli's Equation ... Supersonic [ Basics ] Lift Drag Performance Controls ... Appendix
PhysicsWeb - Homepage
News, information, online products and services from the UK Institute of physics.
http://physicsweb.org/
Physics & Engineering Book Breakthrough! Electromagnetic Field Theory And More.
book review Book that challenges fundamental principles of modern electromagnetic field theory and unveils a new model for electromagnetic masses as they move from the point of origin out into space.
http://www.physics-books.com
Physics Central
Explains how physics is part of the everyday world. Answer questions on how things work and describes the latest research.
http://www.physicscentral.com/
School Of Physics At Georgia Tech
Welcome to the web site of the School of physics at Georgia Tech! The School of physics, located in the city of Atlanta, offers a dynamic environment for research and education in many areas of physics.
http://www.physics.gatech.edu/

Extractions: One of the major projects in the Nanostructures and Chemical Physics Laboratory involves the development of Rapid Reversible, and Sensitive Porous Silicon (PS) Gas Sensors based on the first application of Photoluminescence. Induced Metallization of a Nano/Microporous Surface to form low resistance contacts. These contacts also facilitate the development of efficient photocatalysts using TiO and TiO 2-x N x nanostructures trapped in photoluminescing and electroluminescing PS pores. (PDF file) School Academics Graduate Studies Research ... International Journal of Theoretical Physics If you have any questions or comments concerning this site, please contact Webadmin@physics.gatech.edu. The words Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Tech, Yellow Jackets, Ramblin' Wreck, Buzz and the graphics that represent each are all federally registered marks owned by the University System of Georgia. The word Tech is registered within the state of Georgia. Notwithstanding any language to the contrary, nothing contained herein constitutes nor is intended to constitute an offer, inducement, promise, or contract of any kind. The data contained herein is for informational purposes only and is not represented to be error free. Any links to non-Georgia Tech information are provided as a courtesy. They are not intended to nor do they constitute an endorsement by the Georgia Institute of Technology of the linked materials.
Department Of Physics And Astronomy, Cardiff University
Includes information about the department, admissions, teaching, research, and local resources.
http://www.astro.cf.ac.uk/

Extractions: Directions ... We have recently acquired two new instruments: A 3-m radio telescope has been purchased with a 21-cm receiver system for observing atomic Hydrogen. With this telescope we can observe the Hydrogen that exists in the space between the stars known as the interstellar medium. It allows us to study the amount of Hydrogen and its velocity, permitting measurements to be made of the rotation of our Galaxy. In this way we can see the large-scale structure of the Galaxy. The picture shows some of the team, including undergraduate student Luke Woolfenden, during the telescope assembly. The telescope is used by the students of Cardiff University, as well as by members of the Cardiff Astronomical Society. It is also available for viewing by school parties and members of the public during University Open Days. An H-alpha filter is now being used in conjunction with the Meade telescope for solar astronomy. With this filter we can take images of the Sun to examine details such as sunspots, solar flares and prominences. In this way we can study the energetics of the Sun. This image was taken by Cardiff students Danielle Moakes and Alex Nichols through the H-alpha filter on the afternoon of 2002 October 10th. It shows a very clear solar prominence visible on the limb of the Sun. There is a vertical column at one end of the prominence and a huge arch connecting the top of the column to the sun's surface. The scale of this image is such that the Earth would fit underneath the arch!
Intertheory Relations In Physics
Discussion of theory reduction in science; by Robert Batterman from the Stanford Encyclopedia.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physics-interrelate/

Extractions: JAN Many issues in the philosophy of science concern the nature of theories and certain relations that may obtain between them. Typically, one is interested in the degree to which a successor to a given theory "goes beyond" (both descriptively and explanatorily) the theory it succeeds. Most often these issues are framed in the context of reductive relations between theories. When does a theory T reduce to a theory T ? How is one to understand the nature of this reduction relation? Interestingly, there are two distinct, yet, related ways of understanding the reductive relationship between T and T . Thomas Nickles noted this in a paper entitled "Two Concepts of Intertheoretic Reduction." On the one hand, there is the "philosopher's" sense of reduction on which the supplanted theory is said to reduce to the newer more encompassing theory. On the other hand, the "physicist's" sense of reduction puts things the other way. The newer, typically more refined theory is said to reduce to the older typically less encompassing theory in some sort of limit. These two senses of reduction will be discussed in turn. 1. The Philosopher's Sense of Reduction
MUSIC AND PHYSICS
View an music which a priori is conceived only subjectively.
http://uk.geocities.com/piklemas/indexeng.htm

Extractions: MUSIC AND PHYSICS By the music passions enjoy themselves... Friedrich Nietzsche Visitors (Sep 2000) [VERSION EN FRANCAIS] [VERSION EN ESPANOL] The object of this document is to be able to clarify from a epistemologic point of view an art which a priori is conceived only subjectively. The music is an art to combine the sounds so as to produce an esthetic impression. In addition, physics is a science which has as an aim the study of the general properties of the bodies and the laws which tend to modify their state or their movement without modifying their nature. [Audio and acoustics related web sites] Periodic phenomena Vibrating cords and sound pipes VIBRATING CORDS
Educational Resources In Physics, Astronomy, And Related Fields
Annotated list of links to internet resources.
http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/Educational.html

Extractions: Department of Physics and Astronomy Some Educational Resources in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Fields On this page From research scientists For secondary schools and colleges For elementary and secondary schools Communication with other teachers ... Gateways to more sites Other pages: Favorite Physics Links PION (Physics In Our Neighborhood) Favorite Astronomy Links Jobs in Physics, Astronomy, and Other Fields Amazing Space
Science Jokes
Collection of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology and university humor. It also includes humorous quotes, rhymes, mnemonics and anecdotes about scientists
http://www.xs4all.nl/~jcdverha/scijokes/

Extractions: Science humor collected by Joachim Verhagen (sciencejokes@xs4all.nl) "Blessed are they who can laugh at themselves, for they shall never cease to be amused." This is a collection of more than 2000 scientific jokes from Usenet, or mailed or told to me. You are free to read and use them on the net or in conversation. Please keep the original author and sender when you use them; mentioning this list is optional. The latest version is available from FTP and WWW: WWW: http://www.xs4all.nl/~jcdverha/scijokes/ WWW: http://www.xs4all.nl/~jcdverha/scijokes/sjhtml.zip (html-format, about 1.3M) WWW: http://www.xs4all.nl/~jcdverha/scijokes/scijokes.zip (ASCII format, about 900k) FTP: ftp://ftp.in.umist.ac.uk/pub/Text/scijokes.zip (about 900k) Send comments and contributions (especially contributions) to: sciencejokes@xs4all.nl (Joachim Verhagen). You will be acknowledged with your name and e-mail adress (and/or your webpage if you prefer that.) If you have a science humor webpage you can add it to the science humor webring at http://www.xs4all.nl/~jcdverha/scihum/webring.html
Nobel Prize
The story of the discovery of superfluid Helium3
http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/~cew2/NobelPrize.html

Extractions: Win the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics! The Original Paper(s) The Science Behind the Prize Quicktime Movie by Bob Richardson, excerpted from A World Without Disorder: Absolute Zero Temperature Cornell News Service Release Low temperature science - what remains for the physicist?,'' Robert C. Richardson, Physics Today, August, 1981, p. 46. Cornell Low Temperature Group David Mermin's Diary of a Nobel Guest
Centre For Chemical Physics
Interests can be broadly classified into five general areas energy deposition, surface science, biological applications, properties of condensed matter and properties of isolated atoms and molecules.
http://www.uwo.ca/ccp

Extractions: The Centre for Chemical Physics (CCP) is located at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, Canada. The Centres mandate is to foster and encourage collaborative, interdisciplinary research. Some of the finest research in the physical and mathematical sciences in Canada has been accomplished through our Centre since its inception in 1973. This organization was formed to encourage research in those areas of science, which overlap more than one of the traditional disciplines. Over 48 Faculty Members (along with their research groups) are participants in the Centre for an approximate total of 200 people. They include members who are active in research in the following departments/centres Applied Mathematics / Earth Science / Although the majority of funding is from The University of Western Ontario, faculty members also contribute a percentage of research grants each year, and corporate sponsorships are encouraged. Of greatest importance in realizing our mandate is the Visiting Fellowship Program, which brings a unique perspective to research at Western. Through this program, the members of the Centre have collaborated with over 120 senior scientists from over 30 countries. These collaborations truly broaden our horizons at a time when research is become increasingly global, increasingly expensive and yet increasingly competitive.

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