1. SOCRATES: Philosophy's Martyr Excerpts from a new book for the general reader. Also includes a hypertext guide to web resources. http://www.btinternet.com/~socratic/

SOCRATES: Philosophy's martyr BY ANTHONY GOTTLIEB EXCERPTS BUY IT SOCRATES ON THE WEB "Outstanding" THE TIMES How was Socrates different from other martyrs? - What sort of man was he? - What is Socratic irony? - Was he put on trial for political reasons? - What was his attitude to religion? - Why were the Athenians sick of him? - Is Plato's Socrates the real Socrates? - How did his views differ from Plato's? - How come we know anything at all about him? - What was his theory about virtue? - How far can it be defended? - Why did he say that a good man cannot be harmed? - Was he just naive? - Why does he count as a philosopher? - Why were many of his followers so strange? - What is his legacy? These are some of the questions addressed in the book THE AUTHOR Anthony Gottlieb is Executive Editor of The Economist and a former departmental fellow in philosophy at Birkbeck College, London University. He studied philosophy at Cambridge University, did graduate work at University College London, and was a visiting fellow at Harvard University's School of Public Health. Socrates is based on a chapter from the first volume of his forthcoming two-volume history of western philosophy The Dream of Reason . The first volume, covering Thales to the Renaissance, has been published by Penguin in

2. Socrates, The European Community Action Programme For Cooperation In The Field O Future participation of Turkey in the socrates programme. In short (pdf format),General description (pdf format), socrates I to socrates II, Legal basis. http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/socrates.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a and a Future participation of Turkey in the Socrates programme Call for applications with a view to constituting a list of experts to assess the proposals In short (pdf format) General description (pdf format) Socrates I to Socrates II Legal basis COMENIUS School education ERASMUS Higher education GRUNDTVIG Adult education and other educational pathways LINGUA Language teaching and learning MINERVA Information and communication technologies in education Educational systems and policies ( Arion Naric Joint Actions with other Community programmes Accompanying Measures Would you like to participate? Would you like to know more? Who can participate? Guidelines for Applicants, Call for Proposals and application forms FAQs Technical Assistance Office 59-61 rue de Trèves B-1000 Bruxelles Tel: (32-2) 233 01 11 Fax: (32-2) 233 01 50 National Agencies in participating countries Information mail-box Programmes

3. The Last Days Of Socrates Online texts of the Apology, Crito, Euthrypho, and Phaedo. Includes Jowett notes, as well as drawings Category Society Philosophy Philosophers socrates......The Last Days of socrates. This site is designed to help first year philosophy studentsread the Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, and the death scene from the Phaedo. http://socrates.clarke.edu/

The Last Days of Socrates This site is designed to help first year philosophy students read the Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, and the death scene from the Phaedo. Euthyphro Apology Crito Phaedo ... Spanish Version April 18, 2000 Kent Anderson, Ph.D. and Norm Freund, Ph.D.

4. Socrates A brief discussion of the life and works of socrates, with links to electronictexts and additional information. socrates (469399 BCE). http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/socr.htm

Philosophy Pages F A Q Dictionary ... Locke Socrates 469-399 B.C.E. Life and Teachings Defining Piety Methods / Aims ... Internet Sources In his use of critical reasoning, by his unwavering commitment to truth, and through the vivid example of his own life, fifth-century Athenian Socrates set the standard for all subsequent Western philosophy. Since he left no literary legacy of his own, we are dependent upon contemporary writers like Aristophanes and Xenophon for our information about his life and work. As a pupil of Archelaus during his youth, Socrates showed a great deal of interest in the scientific theories of Anaxagoras , but he later abandoned inquiries into the physical world for a dedicated investigation of the development of moral character. Having served with some distinction as a soldier at Delium and Amphipolis during the Peloponnesian War, Socrates dabbled in the political turmoil that consumed Athens after the War, then retired from active life to work as a stonemason and to raise his children with his wife, Xanthippe. After inheriting a modest fortune from his father, the sculptor Sophroniscus, Socrates used his marginal financial independence as an opportunity to give full-time attention to inventing the practice of philosophical dialogue. For the rest of his life, Socrates devoted himself to free-wheeling discussion with the aristocratic young citizens of Athens, insistently questioning their unwarranted confidence in the truth of popular opinions, even though he often offered them no clear alternative teaching. Unlike the professional

5. Blackwell.Socrates.html Introduction to the philosopher by Thomas C. Brickhouse and Nicholas D. Smith. http://stripe.colorado.edu/~shields/Blackwell.Socrates.html

SOCRATES Thomas C. Brickhouse and Nicholas D. Smith I. The "Socratic Problem" and the Sources on Socrates. Many puzzles surround what has become known as "the Socratic Problem," that is, to decipher who the real Socrates was and what his views are. Much of the evidence has been lost to time and much of what has survived is either fragmentary or plainly partisan. Perhaps the most puzzling thing of all is what we can be confident actually happened to Socrates: In 399 B.C., when Socrates was 70 years old, three Athenians (the nominal prosecutor, Meletus, and his two [supporting prosecutors] - the powerful politician, Anytus, and Lycon, about whom we know next to nothing) - brought Socrates to trial for impiety. The charge had three specifications: not recognizing the gods of the state; introducing new divine things; and corrupting the youth. The charge of impiety itself was not entirely uncommon, but these specifications of it are quite unusual. At the end of the trial a majority of the jury of 500 members found the old man guilty and sentenced him to death by drinking the poison derived from hemlock ( conium maculatum ). The great puzzle is this: What had this man done to convince the Athenians that he deserved execution?

6. The Socrates Argument Clinic Argue with the great philosopher in the style of the Monty Python sketch. http://www.mindspring.com/~mfpatton/sclinic.htm

T he S ocrates A rgument C linic The Socrates Argument Clinic is closely based on Monty Python's Argument Clinic In this version, however, you will have a chance to match your wits against history's most famous philosopher. Unlike some of the dialogues, a sycophantic response (or ad hominem argument) may bring on the ridicule of others. Your challenge is to complete the argument without making Socrates drink the hemlock. But if you can't contain yourself, click on the hemlock icon- Frequently Anticipated Questions Does this argument resemble the Socratic dialogues? Why was Socrates put to death? Is there anyway to actually win or even complete the argument? Why should I bother? ... Return to Patton's Argument Clinic

7. SocratesIntro Europos SÄ jungos socrates programos koordinavimo paramos fondas. http://www.socrates.lt/

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8. Socrates Get advice from socrates himself about any problem of life that you may have. http://www.geocities.com/old_man_socrates/Socrates.html

ASK SOCRATES! I'm not sure if you made it here by mistake, but you have reached the site of the Gadfly. I was sentenced to death over 2000 years ago but have returned to see what life is like in the 21st century. Needless to say, I am somewhat disappointed to find where the human race has led itself. What has happened to virtue and justice? These ideas were examined at length in the dialogues of my student Plato, where I discussed doing one's duty and also talked about doing unethical acts out of ignorance. How come it seems like people in the 21st century care less about these issues than we in Ancient Greece did more than two millenia ago? I can see for myself that life is much different today than it was back then, but surely the problems of life are similar, if not the same. Although I lived to the ripe old age of 70, many of my friends did not. You of the 3rd millenium are blessed with a life expectancy that we of a past age could have only dreamed. So one might logically conclude that life, in general, would be of a higher quality today than ever before. After all, you have the benefit of learning from the mistakes of civilizations and eras long past. But is this the case? If not, why not? Ask yourself that question. And if you don't want to ask, then the answer must be that much more important. Think for a moment, especially young people. What are the main concerns of your life? Those of you under 18 might say school, problems with your love life, etc.; and those of you who are a bit older would probably agree, with the addition of 'problems at work'. Now think about the problems that people had to live with less than 100 years ago. Children often had to earn money for the family and worked under horrendous conditions. This was long before Henry Ford and the 40-hour work week.

9. UK Socrates-Erasmus Council Offers funding to students and staff at European higher education institutions for exchanges to other EU countries. http://www.erasmus.ac.uk/

Home Page Info for Institutions Info for Students Publications ... The Europa Server UK Socrates-Erasmus Council Welcome to UK Socrates-Erasmus Erasmus Question and Answer Session on the Times Online [What is Erasmus?] [Beth yw Erasmus?]-Welsh The Socrates Erasmus Programme is administered in the UK by: UK Socrates-Erasmus Council, The University, CANTERBURY, Kent. CT2 7PD Tel: Fax: Email: [erasmus@ukc.ac.uk To navigate these pages, please use the navigation bar at the top of each screen. We would welcome any comments about our site or the Socrates-Erasmus Programme. Please follow this link and fill in the [Feedback/Evaluation Form] To contact UK SOCRATES-ERASMUS please E-mail: erasmus@ukc.ac.uk Last Modified on 12th March, 2003 var site="sm9erasmus"

10. Socrates: Philosophical Life An outline of socrates' thought and his place in philosophy.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers socrates......socrates Philosophical Life. socrates. But every answer he offers is subjected tothe full force of socrates's critical thinking, until nothing certain remains. http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/2d.htm

Philosophy Pages F A Q Dictionary ... Locke Socrates: Philosophical Life Socrates Socrates Life and Teachings Defining Piety Methods / Aims Civil Obedience ... Internet Sources The most interesting and influential thinker in the fifth century was Socrates , whose dedication to careful reasoning transformed the entire enterprise. Since he sought genuine knowledge rather than mere victory over an opponent, Socrates employed the same logical tricks developed by the Sophists to a new purpose, the pursuit of truth. Thus, his willingness to call everything into question and his determination to accept nothing less than an adequate account of the nature of things make him the first clear exponent of critical philosophy. Although he was well known during his own time for his conversational skills and public teaching, Socrates wrote nothing, so we are dependent upon his students (especially Xenophon and Plato ) for any detailed knowledge of his methods and results. The trouble is that Plato was himself a philosopher who often injected his own theories into the dialogues he presented to the world as discussions between Socrates and other famous figures of the day. Nevertheless, it is usually assumed that at least the early dialogues of Plato provide a (fairly) accurate representation of Socrates himself. Euthyphro : What is Piety?

11. EDIZIONI SOCRATES Propone opere su maestri del cinema e della musica contemporanea, e narrativa contemporanea. Catalogo, ordini, link. http://www.edizioni-socrates.com/

12. Greek Philosophy: Socrates A brief overview of socrates' place in Greek philosophy.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers socrates Biographies...... until a truce was made in 421, but this was never very stable and in 415 Athens waspersuaded by Alcibiades, a pupil of the Athenian teacher, socrates, to send http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/SOCRATES.HTM

Ancient Greece The Peloponnesian Wars History . The growing power of Athens had frightened other Greek states for years before the Peloponnesian War broke out in 431. During the war, Pericles died in the plague of Athens (429); fortunes of war varied until a truce was made in 421, but this was never very stable and in 415 Athens was persuaded by Alcibiades , a pupil of the Athenian teacher, Socrates, to send a huge force to Sicily in an attempt to take over some of the cities there. This expedition was destroyed in 413. Nevertheless Athens continued the war. In 411 an oligarchy ("rule by a few") was instituted in Athens in an attempt to secure financial support from Persia, but this did not work out and the democracy was soon restored. In 405 the last Athenian fleet was destroyed in the battle of Aegospotami by a Spartan commander, and the city was besieged and forced to surrender in 404. Sparta set up an oligarchy of Athenian nobles (among them Critias, a former associate of Socrates and a relative of Plato), which because of its brutality became known as the Thirty Tyrants. By 403 democracy was once again restored. Socrates was brought to trial and executed in 399. Ancient Greece Plato Socrates (469-399), despite his foundational place in the history of ideas, actually wrote nothing. Most of our knowledge of him comes from the works of

13. :: Socrates Digital Video :: Ontwikkelt complexe beeldverwerkingsapplicaties voor computer imaging en verkoopt hardware en software voor professionele desktop video. http://www.socrates.nl

14. Socrates, Philosophy, Science, Gambling, Lottery, Software socrates and the dialectical method. The fundamental formula of gambling, computational psychology and philosophy. Unique winning gambling strategy and systems. Download free text editing and lottery software. http://www.saliu.com/

Site Map The content of this site is inspired by Socrates , the wisest of the mortals and gods ever. I worship no gods here, nor do I worship humans. I only draw your attention to Socrates' dialectical method: Everything is a unity of two opposites. At the very beginning of the end there is the very end of the beginning: Infinite and Nothingness . Expansion created by the Big-Bang followed by Implosion created by the Big-Crunch and so on for ever and never. If A is legitimate, non-A must have legitimacy as well. For there is no logical foundation for the expression only A is legitimate ; or, only Opposite-A is legitimate . I synthesize these statements in the Fundamental Formula of Philosophy (FF0): Creation = Destruction There are no principles (forces, in terms of physics) above or more general than Creation and Destruction. The creation of creation is still creation; the destruction of destruction is still destruction. At the next lower level, there is the unity of the opposites Energy and Matter. Matter represents relatively static states of Energy. We may write the next lower level Fundamental Formula (FF1) as: E*D = M*L (Energy Times Darkness = Matter Times Light) I try to illustrate all this briefly via the science of gambling and snippets of computational psychology, philosophy.

15. Please Bookmark This New Campus URL For Access To Your Courses And More! Distance learning courses for potential online teachers desiring to enhance their professional development utilizing web based training in the education field. http://socrates.aionline.edu/

You are being redirected to the new campus Web address for Socrates Distance Learning Technologies Group. Please bookmark this new address!

16. Socrates Law ReviewDistance EducationLaw Student Publication This site for Distance eductaion law students offers topical features, opinions, webcasts, students resources, news and law student links. http://www.socrateslawreview.com

This site is hosted by Netfirms Web Hosting Featured Website .. Socrates Home Law Student Resources Distance Education Surprise Law Student Gadgets ... Law Webcast Channel This is a non-profit student produced public service publication learning to conform to commonly accepted internet protocol The Power of Web-based Ed CLICK HERE TOLL FREE Phone: (866)206-9073 x3718 TOLL FREE Fax: (866)206-9073 x3718 Email: insidemediagroup@yahoo.com Updated: 1-13-03

17. Agentia Nationala Socrates Organizatie ce gestioneaza proiectele Arion, Comenius, socrates, Grundtvig, Lingua, Minerva, Eurydice, Category World Românã Regional Europa România Educatie......Programe. Beneficiari. Documente. Cautare. Contact agentie@socrates.ro (informatiigenerale), webmaster@socrates.ro , admin@socrates.ro (probleme tehnice). Bd. http://www.socrates.ro/

Home Programe Beneficiari Documente ... Cautare Contact: agentie@socrates.ro (informatii generale), webmaster@socrates.ro , admin@socrates.ro (probleme tehnice) Bd. Schitu Magureanu nr.1, et.2, Sector 5, Bucuresti,70626 Tel:(01)3113505, 3121187, Fax:(01)3113500 Programe Arion Comenius Erasmus Grundtvig ... ARHIVA Prezentare Noutati Personalul ANS Despre ANS Seminarii de contact ... Harta Link-uri utile Ministerul Educatiei si Cercetarii Programul Socrates pe site-ul Comisiei Europene Biroul de Asistenta Tehnica Mail Agentie Login Doar pentru membrii agentiei. Noutati PHARE End Users Support Ministerul Educatiei si Cercetarii împreuna cu Agentia Nationala SOCRATES au pus bazele unui proiect PHARE, pentru suplimentarea granturilor tuturor studentilor ERASMUS, denumit "PHARE END USERS SUPPORT"... ANUNT IMPORTANT !!! Pentru cei interesati de participarea la cursurile de formare continua COMENIUS 2.2.C Catalogul de Cursuri Comenius/Grundtvig 2003 - 2004 ERASMUS - Reforma Contractului Institutional Aplicatia de Contract Institutional va fi inlocuita de cea de Charta ERASMUS ( ERASMUS Charter)... EUROPEAN LABEL - Certificare europeana pentru proiecte din domeniul limbilor straine Calendarul termenelor limita pentru actiunile Socrates - 2003 Documente Ghidul candidatului Socrates in engleza sau franceza Apel general de depunere a candidaturilor in 2003 Plan Comenius ISJ,CCD

18. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Socrates (Catholic Encyclopedia) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14119a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... S > Socrates A B C D ... Z Socrates Christian apologists have no difficulty in refuting the contention that he was the equal of the Christian saints . His frequent references to a "divine voice" that inspired him at critical moments in his career are, perhaps, best explained by saying that they are simply his peculiar way of speaking about the promptings of his own conscience. They do not necessarily imply a pathological condition of his mind, nor a superstitous belief in the existence of a "familiar demon". Knowledge through concepts is certain, Socrates taught, and offers a firm foundation for the structure not only of theoretical knowledge, but also of moral principles, and the science of human conduct, Socrates went so far as tro maintain that all right conduct depends on clear knowledge, that not only does a definition of a virtue aid us in acquiring that virtue, but that the definition of the virtue is the virtue. A man who can define justice is just, and, in general, theoretical insight into the principles of conduct is identical with moral excellence in conduct; knowledge is virtue. Contrariwise, ignorance is vice, and no one can knowingly do wrong. These principles are, of couse only partly true. Their formulation, however, at this time was of tremendous importance, because it marks the beginning of an attempt to build up on general principles a science of human conduct. Socrates devoted little attention to questions of physics and cosmogony. Indeed, he did not conceal his contempt for these questions when comparing them with questions affecting man, his nature and his destiny. He was, however, interested in the question of the

19. EUROPA - Education And Training: Home Page PROGRAMMES. LEONARDO DA VINCI. socrates. TEMPUS. EU CANADA. EU - USA. PRESS RELEASED.LEGISLATION. PUBLICATIONS. KEY DOCUMENTS. WHAT's NEW ? 11/03/03 Ploteus on track. http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/index_en.html

es de en fr it EUROPA European Commission ... Europe of learning opportunities through a mouse click: PLOTEUS Portal to be launched tomorrow IP/03/306) Project database of the European Label for innovative projects in language teaching and learning Commission launches debate on how to turn European universities into a "world-class reference" (IP/03/194) COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION: The role of the universities in the Europe of knowledge Calls for proposals and for expressions of interest Directorate-General for Education and Culture Index

20. Socrates Sculpture Park History and information on current exhibit, community and education programs. Located in Long Island City, New York. http://www.socratessculpturepark.org/

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